The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of a cadmium(II) and a zinc(II) mononuclear complex of the new tetrakis-substituted pyrazine ligand N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetra­yltetra­kis­(methyl­ene)]tetra­kis­(N-methyl­aniline)

Tesouro Vallina, A.; Stoeckli-Evans, H.

doi:10.1107/S2056989020001644

research communications

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 76| Part 3| March 2020| Pages 410-416

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020001644

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The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of a cadmium(II) and a zinc(II) mononuclear complex of the new tetrakis-substituted pyrazine ligand N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline)

Ana Tesouro Vallina ^a and Helen Stoeckli-Evans ^b ^*

^aInstitute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Av. de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and ^bInstitute of Physics, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
^*Correspondence e-mail: helen.stoeckli-evans@unine.ch

Edited by C. Massera, Università di Parma, Italy (Received 24 January 2020; accepted 5 February 2020; online 18 February 2020)

The whole molecule of the cadmium(II) complex, diiodido{N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline)-κ³N²,N¹,N⁶}cadmium(II), [CdI₂(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)], (I), of the ligand N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline) (L), is generated by a twofold rotation symmetry; the twofold axis bisects the cadmium atom and the nitrogen atoms of the pyrazine ring. The ligand coordinates in a mono-tridentate manner and the cadmium atom has a fivefold CdN₃I₂ coordination environment with a distorted shape. In the zinc(II) complex, dichlorido{N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline)-κ³N²,N¹,N⁶}zinc(II) dichloromethane 0.6-solvate, [ZnCl₂(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)]·0.6CH₂Cl₂, (II), ligand L also coordinates in a mono-tridentate manner and the zinc atom has a fivefold ZnN₃Cl₂ coordination environment with a distorted shape. It crystallized as a partial dichloromethane solvate. In the crystal of I, the complex molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯I contacts, forming ribbons propagating along [100]. In the crystal of II, the complex molecules are linked by a series of C—H⋯π interactions, forming layers lying parallel to the (1 $[\overline{1}]$ 1) plane. In the crystals of both compounds there are metal–halide⋯π(pyrazine) contacts present. The Hirshfeld analyses confirm the importance of the C—H⋯halide contacts in the crystal packing of both compounds.

Keywords: crystal structure; tetrakis-substituted pyrazine; cadmium(II); zinc(II); mononuclear complexes; C—H⋯π interactions; metal–halide⋯π(pyrazine) contacts.

CCDC references: 1982100; 1982099

1. Chemical context

The title ligand, N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline) (L), whose synthesis and crystal structure have been described in the preceding publication (Tesouro Vallina & Stoeckli-Evans, 2020 ), is a new tetrakis-substituted pyrazine derivative. It was designed to study its coordination behaviour with transition metals (Tesouro Vallina, 2001 ). The reaction of the ligand with CdI₂ and ZnCl₂ lead to the formation of the title mononuclear complexes I and II. Herein, we describe their syntheses, molecular and crystal structures and the analyses of their Hirshfeld surfaces.

2. Structural commentary

The molecular structure of the cadmium(II) complex, Cd(L)I₂ (I), of the ligand N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline) (L), is illustrated in Fig. 1. Selected geometrical parameters are given in Table 1. The complex possesses twofold rotation symmetry, with the twofold axis bisecting the cadmium atom, Cd1, and the nitrogen atoms N1 and N4 of the pyrazine ring. The ligand coordinates in a mono-tridentate manner and the cadmium atom has a fivefold CdN₃I₂ coordination environment with a distorted shape (see Fig. 2a). The τ₅ parameter for the fivefold coordination of atom Cd1 is 0.14 (τ₅ = 0 for a perfect square-pyramidal geometry and = 1 for a trigonal–pyramidal geometry; Addison et al., 1984 ).

Table 1
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for I

Cd1—N1	2.295 (3)	Cd1—I1	2.7038 (3)
Cd1—N2	2.599 (3)

N1—Cd1—N2	69.65 (6)	N2—Cd1—I1ⁱ	95.35 (6)
N2ⁱ—Cd1—N2	139.31 (12)	N2—Cd1—I1	101.29 (6)
N1—Cd1—I1	114.551 (10)	I1ⁱ—Cd1—I1	130.90 (2)
Symmetry code: (i) $[-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, y, -z]$ .

Figure 1
A view of the molecular structure of complex I, with atom labelling [symmetry code (i): −x + $[{3\over 2}]$ , y, −z]. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. The intramolecular C—H⋯π interactions are shown as dashed red arrows (Table 2

Figure 2
A comparison of the coordination spheres of (a) the cadmium atom in complex I [symmetry code (i): −x + $[{3\over 2}]$ , y, −z], and (b) the zinc atom in complex II.

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.41, last update November 2019; Groom et al., 2016 ) for a CdN₃I₂ coordination environment involving a pyrazine N atom yielded only one relevant structure, the CdI₂ mononuclear complex of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine (TPPZ), viz. complex (2,3,5,6-tetrakis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine)bis(iodo)cadmium(II) (GAHRIT; Saghatforoush, 2015 ). Here the τ₅ parameter for the cadmium atom is 0.04. The Cd—N_pz bond length is ca 2.388 Å compared to 2.295 (3) Å in I, while the Cd—I bond lengths are ca 2.741 and 2.727 Å compared to 2.7038 (3) Å in I. The N-methylaniline groups on the non-coordinated side of the ligand are linked by intramolecular C—H⋯π interactions (Fig. 1 and Table 2).

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for I

Cg3 is the centroid of the pyrazine ring N1/N4/C1/C2/C1ⁱ/C2ⁱ and Cg5 is the centroid of the C12–C17 ring.

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
C18—H18C⋯Cg5ⁱ	0.97	2.95	3.896 (5)	165
C17—H17⋯I1ⁱⁱ	0.94	3.09	3.907 (4)	147
Cd1—I1⋯Cgⁱⁱⁱ	2.70 (1)	3.96 (1)	6.5131 (12)	155 (1)
Cd1—I1⋯Cg3^iv	2.70 (1)	3.96 (1)	6.5131 (12)	155 (1)
Symmetry codes: (i) $[-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, y, -z]$ ; (ii) $[x+{\script{1\over 2}}, -y, z]$ ; (iii) -x+1, -y, -z; (iv) $[x-{\script{1\over 2}}, -y, z]$ .

The molecular structure of the zinc(II) complex, Zn(L)Cl₂·0.6(CH₂Cl₂) (II), is illustrated in Fig. 3. It crystallized as a partial dichloromethane solvate. Selected geometrical parameters are given in Table 3. The ligand L coordinates in a mono-tridentate manner and the zinc atom, Zn1, has a fivefold ZnN₃Cl₂ coordination environment with a distorted shape (see Fig. 2b). The τ₅ parameter for atom Zn1 is 0.30.

Table 3
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for II

Zn1—N1	2.057 (3)	Zn1—Cl1	2.2251 (10)
Zn1—N2	2.385 (3)	Zn1—Cl2	2.2425 (11)
Zn1—N5	2.413 (3)

N1—Zn1—N2	75.02 (12)	Cl1—Zn1—N2	98.12 (8)
N1—Zn1—N5	74.23 (12)	Cl2—Zn1—N2	95.70 (9)
N2—Zn1—N5	149.21 (11)	Cl1—Zn1—N5	93.02 (7)
N1—Zn1—Cl1	114.15 (9)	Cl2—Zn1—N5	98.34 (8)
N1—Zn1—Cl2	114.68 (9)	Cl1—Zn1—Cl2	131.14 (4)

Figure 3
A view of the molecular structure of compound II, with atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. For clarity, H atoms have been omitted.

A search of the CSD for a ZnN₃Cl₂ coordination environment involving a pyrazine N atom yielded five relevant structures, which again involve the ligand TPPZ. They include two polymorphs of the mononuclear complex dichloro-[2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine-N,N′,N′′]zinc(II): a monoclinic polymorph (WAGPOJ; Graf et al., 1993 ) and a triclinic polymorph (WAGPOJ01; Saljooghi & Fatemi, 2011 ). There are two structures of the binuclear complex [μ₂-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine]tetrachlorodizinc(II): one hydrated (DOMHOD; Trivedi et al., 2009 ), the other not (PAPCER; Hong et al., 2017 ), and finally, the unusual polynuclear complex octakis(μ₂-chloro)bis[μ₂-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine]dodecachlorotetraaquadecazinc (WIBVOS; Graf & Stoeckli-Evans, 1994 ). For these five structures, the τ₅ parameter for the zinc atoms varies from 0.08 in WAGPOJ to 0.36 in WAGPOJ01. The latter is similar to the value of 0.30 for II. The Zn—N_pz bond lengths vary from ca 2.141 to 2.200 Å compared to 2.057 (3) Å in II, while the Zn—Cl bond lengths vary from ca 2.232 to 2.343 Å compared to 2.2251 (10) and 2.2425 (11) Å in II.

The conformation of the ligand L differs in the two complexes (Fig. 4). The orientation of the phenyl rings with respect to the pyrazine ring and to each other is slightly different, and the various dihedral angles are compared in Table 5. It can be seen that the most significant difference, of 20.9 (2)°, involves the orientation of ring D (ring Bⁱ in I) with respect to ring E (ring Cⁱ in I).

Table 5
A comparison of the conformation of the ligand (L) in complexes I and II

The definitions of rings A, B, C, D and E are given in Fig. 4.

Dihedral angle (°)	I^a	II	Δ(I - II)°
A to B	41.9 (2)	35.5 (2)	> 6.4
A to C	86.1 (2)	87.5 (3)	< 1.4
A to D	41.9 (2)	34.9 (2)	> 7.0
A to E	86.1 (2)	74.4 (2)	> 11.7
B to C	54.0 (2)	53.7 (3)	> 0.3
B to D	38.0 (2)	26.9 (2)	> 11.1
B to E	63.4 (2)	71.9 (2)	< 8.5
C to D	63.4 (2)	58.5 (3)	> 4.9
C to E	24.9 (2)	18.3 (3)	> 6.6
D to E	54.0 (2)	74.9 (2)	< 20.9
Note: (a) D = Bⁱ, E = Cⁱ; symmetry code: (i) −x + $[{3\over 2}]$ , y, −z.

Figure 4
A comparison of the conformation of the ligand L in complexes I and II. For complex I, which possesses twofold rotation symmetry, ring D = Bⁱ, and ring E = Cⁱ [symmetry code: (i) −x + $[{3\over 2}]$ , y, −z].

3. Supramolecular features

A partial view of the crystal packing of I is shown in Fig. 5. Molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯I contacts, forming ribbons propagating along [100]; see Table 2. There are Cd—I⋯π(pyrazine) contacts present, consolidating the chains propagating along the a-axis direction (Fig. 6a and Table 2). This situation is similar to that observed in the crystal of the CdI₂ complex of TPPZ (GAHRIT; Saghatforoush, 2015). There, the I⋯centroid(pyrazine ring) distance is 3.699 (1) Å with a Cd—I⋯centroid angle of 175.92 (12)°, compared to 3.9593 (12) Å and 155.19 (3)° in complex I (Fig. 6a and Table 2).

Figure 5
A view normal to plane (011) of the crystal packing of complex I. The weak C—H⋯I interactions are shown as dashed lines (Table 2

Figure 6
(a) A partial view along the c axis of the crystal packing of I, showing the Cd—I⋯π(pyrazine) interactions (Table 2

; dashed red arrows), (b) a partial view along the a axis of the crystal packing of II, showing the Zn—Cl⋯π(pyrazine) interactions (Table 4

; dashed red arrows). For clarity, the dichloromethane molecule has been omitted.

In the crystal of II, molecules are linked by a series of C—H⋯π interactions, forming layers lying parallel to the (1 $[\overline{1}]$ 1) plane; see Fig. 7 and Table 4. The dichloromethane molecules are linked across a center of symmetry with a short Cl4⋯Cl4(−x, −y, −z + 2) contact of 3.045 (5) Å and do not participate in any significant intermolecular interactions with the complex molecule. There are Zn—Cl⋯π(pyrazine) contacts present, which link inversion-related molecules, forming dimers (Fig. 6b and Table 5). This arrangement is similar to that observed in the crystal structure of the ZnCl₂ complex of TPPZ (PAPCER; Hong et al., 2017). This compound crystallized with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. There, the Cl⋯centroid(pyrazine ring) distances are ca 3.087 and 3.167 Å, with the corresponding Zn—Cl⋯centroid angles being ca 152.62 and 141.76°. In the crystal structure of WIBVOS, a similar interaction is present with a Cl⋯centroid(pyrazine ring) distance of ca 3.987 Å and a Zn—Cl⋯centroid angle of ca. 170.96°. In complex II, the corresponding Cl⋯centroid(pyrazine ring) distance and Zn—Cl⋯centroid angle are 3.683 (2) Å and 155.96 (6)°, respectively (Table 4).

Table 4
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for II

Cg3 is the centroid of the pyrazine ring N1/N4/C1/C2/C21/C22, and Cg5 and Cg7 are the centroids of rings C12–C17 and C32–C37, respectively.

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
C6—H6⋯Cg7ⁱ	0.94	2.88	3.814 (6)	177
C11—H11B⋯Cg5ⁱⁱ	0.98	2.90	3.540 (5)	124
C26—H26⋯Cg3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.94	2.95	3.544 (5)	122
Zn1—Cl2⋯Cg3^iv	2.24 (1)	3.68 (1)	5.8035 (19)	156 (1)
Symmetry codes: (i) x-1, y-1, z; (ii) -x+1, -y, -z; (iii) -x+1, -y+1, -z+1; (iv) -x+1, -y, -z+1.

Figure 7
A view along the a axis of the crystal packing of compound II. The various C—H⋯π interactions (Table 4

; blue, red and green) are shown as dashed lines. The dichloromethane molecule has been omitted, and only the H atoms (blue, red and green) involved in the C—H⋯π interactions have been included.

4. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots

The Hirshfeld surface analysis (Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ) and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots (McKinnon et al., 2007 ) were performed with CrystalExplorer17 (Turner et al., 2017 ). The Hirshfeld surfaces are colour-mapped with the normalized contact distance, d_norm, ranging from red (distances shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii) through white to blue (distances longer than the sum of the van der Waals radii). A summary of the short intermolecular contacts in the crystal structures of I and II is given in Table 6.

Table 6
Summary of interatomic contacts (Å)^a, shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii, in the crystal structures of I and II

Contact	Length	Length − vdW	Symmetry operation
I
C11⋯C12	3.278	−0.122	$[{3\over 2}]$ − x, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − y, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − z
C12⋯H11A	2.805	−0.095	$[{3\over 2}]$ − x, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − y, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − z
I1⋯H17	3.087	−0.093	− $[{1\over 2}]$ + x, −y, z
N3⋯H11B	2.671	−0.079	$[{3\over 2}]$ − x, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − y, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − z
N3⋯C11	3.234	−0.016	$[{3\over 2}]$ − x, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − y, − $[{1\over 2}]$ − z

II
Cl4⋯Cl4	3.045	−0.455	-x, −y, 2 − z
C6⋯H40B	2.758	−0.142	-x, −y, 1 − z
C30⋯H3B	2.779	−0.121	1 − x, −y, 1 − z
H23B⋯H23B	2.287	−0.113	1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
H6⋯C36	2.798	−0.102	−1 + x, −1 + y, z
Cl1⋯H33	2.854	−0.096	−1 + x, y, z
H6⋯C37	2.858	−0.042	−1 + x, −1 + y, z
H3B⋯H30A	2.359	−0.041	1 − x, −y, 1 − z
H10B⋯H26	2.382	−0.018	1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
Note: (a) distances were calculated using Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ).

For complex I, the Hirshfeld surface (HS) mapped over d_norm, and the two-dimensional fingerprint plots are given in Fig. 8. The red spots on the HS (Fig. 8a) correspond to the I⋯H contacts, which give a pair of spikes in the fingerprint plot (Fig. 8b) at d_e + d_i ≃ 3.0 Å, contributing 14.2% to the HS. The H⋯H contacts contribute 63.4% and the C⋯H contacts 18.0%. Any other atom–atom contacts contributed less than 2% and have not been included here.

Figure 8
(a) The Hirshfeld surface of complex I, mapped over d_norm, in the colour range −0.0713 to 1.5380 a.u., (b) the full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for complex I, and fingerprint plots delineated into H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C and I⋯H/H⋯I contacts.

For compound II, the Hirshfeld surface mapped over d_norm, is shown in Fig. 9a, and that for the complex itself and the solvent molecule in Figs. 9b and 9c, respectively. The faint red spots correspond to the Cl⋯H contacts in the crystal. These give a pair of spikes in the fingerprint plots, at d_e + d_i ≃ 2.7 Å, contributing 22.7%, in the compound (Fig. 10a) and at d_e + d_i ≃ 2.7 Å, contributing 18.1%, in the complex (Fig. 10b). For the solvent molecule, a single sharp spike is observed (d_e + d_i ≃ 2.8 Å) with a contribution of 59.6% to the HS (Fig. 10c). The H⋯H contacts contribute 55.1, 59.4 and 25.2% to the Hirshfeld surfaces of the compound, the complex and the solvent molecule, respectively, while the C⋯H contributions are 17.7, 18.8 and 6.8%, respectively. Any other atom–atom contacts contributed less than 2% and have not been included here.

Figure 9
(a) The Hirshfeld surface of compound II, mapped over d_norm, in the colour range −0.2597 to 1.5438 a.u., (b) the Hirshfeld surface of complex II, mapped over d_norm, in the colour range −0.0933 to 1.5453 a.u., (c) the Hirshfeld surface of the solvent molecule, mapped over d_norm, in the colour range −0.2602 to 1.4344 a.u..

Figure 10
(a) The full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for compound II, and fingerprint plots delineated into H⋯H, Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl, C⋯H/H⋯C and Cl⋯C/C⋯Cl contacts, (b) the full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for complex II, and fingerprint plots delineated into H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C and Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl contacts, (c) the full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for the solvent molecule and fingerprint plots delineated into Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl, H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C, Cl⋯Cl and Cl⋯C/C⋯Cl contacts.

5. Synthesis and crystallization

The synthesis and crystal structure of the ligand, N,N′,N′′,N′′′-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline) L, have been described in the preceding publication (Tesouro Vallina & Stoeckli-Evans, 2020).

Synthesis of the complex [Cd(L)I₂] (I):

About 10 ml of a very dilute CH₂Cl₂ solution of ligand L were introduced into a glass tube and layered with ca 2 ml of MeOH as a buffer zone. Then, 10 ml of a dilute methanolic solution of CdI₂ were added slowly to avoid possible mixing. The glass tube was sealed and left at room temperature. The colour of the interphase changed immediately to deep yellow and in hours to green. After a few days, green rod-like crystals were formed. IR (KBr pellet, cm⁻¹): 2922 (m), 1599 (vs), 1507 (s), 1497 (s), 1173 (m), 1120 (m), 751 (s), 694 (s). No elemental analytical data are available.

Synthesis of the complex [Zn(L)Cl₂]·0.6(CH₂Cl₂) (II):

To a solution of ZnCl₂ (0.1 mmol, 0.014 g) in 5 ml of MeOH, a solution of L (0.05 mmol, 0.028 g, 5 ml CH₂Cl₂) was added. The solution was stirred at RT for 2 h without any significant colour change. The clear light-green solution obtained was filtered to avoid any impurity and allowed to evaporate slowly. After a few days, yellow rod-like crystals were obtained. IR (KBr pellet, cm⁻¹): 1599 (vs), 1507 (s), 1451 (m), 1363 (s), 1257 (m), 1171 (m), 1033 (m), 920 (m), 746 (s), 691 (s). Analysis for [Zn(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)Cl₂]·0.6CH₂Cl₂ (743.99 g mol⁻¹): calculated C 60.50, H 5.68, N 11.65%; found C 60.66, H 5.78, N 11.93%.

6. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 7. The C-bound H atoms were included in calculated positions and treated as riding on their parent C atom: C—H = 0.94–0.98 Å with U_iso(H) = 1.5U_eq(C-methyl) and 1.2U_eq(C) for other H atoms.

Table 7
Experimental details

	I	II
Crystal data
Chemical formula	[CdI₂(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)]	[ZnCl₂(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)]·0.6CH₂Cl₂
M_r	922.94	743.99
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, I2/a	Triclinic, P $[\overline{1}]$
Temperature (K)	223	223
a, b, c (Å)	12.8370 (7), 20.1241 (14), 15.2568 (9)	11.9196 (8), 12.1208 (8), 13.919 (1)
α, β, γ (°)	90, 110.871 (6), 90	98.222 (8), 100.313 (8), 107.580 (7)
V (Å³)	3682.7 (4)	1843.9 (2)
Z	4	2
Radiation type	Mo Kα	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	2.30	0.93
Crystal size (mm)	0.40 × 0.10 × 0.10	0.30 × 0.10 × 0.10

Data collection
Diffractometer	STOE IPDS 1	STOE IPDS 1
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (MULABS; Spek, 2020 )	Multi-scan (MULABS; Spek, 2020)
T_min, T_max	0.961, 1.000	0.983, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	14308, 3566, 2549	14512, 6654, 3490
R_int	0.031	0.054
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.615	0.615

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.029, 0.072, 0.95	0.043, 0.117, 0.79
No. of reflections	3566	6654
No. of parameters	207	437
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	1.15, −0.88	0.75, −0.35
Computer programs: EXPOSE, CELL and INTEGRATE in IPDS-I (Stoe & Cie, 2004 ), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020), SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015 ), PLATON (Spek, 2020) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ).

With the STOE IPDS I, a one-circle diffractometer, for the triclinic system often only 93% of the Ewald sphere is accessible. Hence, for compound II the _diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_full of 0.939 is below the required minimum of 0.95. For II, a small number of low-angle reflections, either in the shadow of the beam-stop or with bad agreement, were omitted during the final cycles of refinement.

Supporting information

CCDC references: 1982100; 1982099

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, II, global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020001644/xi2022sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020001644/xi2022Isup2.hkl

Structure factors: contains datablock II. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020001644/xi2022IIsup3.hkl

checkCIF report

Computing details top

For both structures, data collection: EXPOSE in IPDS-I (Stoe & Cie, 2004); cell refinement: CELL in IPDS-I (Stoe & Cie, 2004); data reduction: INTEGRATE in IPDS-I (Stoe & Cie, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008). Software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015), PLATON (Spek, 2020) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010) for (I); SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010) for (II).

Diiodido{N,N',N'',N'''-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline)-κ³N²,N¹,N⁶}cadmium(II) (I) top

Crystal data top

[CdI₂(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)]	F(000) = 1808
M_r = 922.94	D_x = 1.665 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, I2/a	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 12.8370 (7) Å	Cell parameters from 5000 reflections
b = 20.1241 (14) Å	θ = 1.7–26.1°
c = 15.2568 (9) Å	µ = 2.30 mm⁻¹
β = 110.871 (6)°	T = 223 K
V = 3682.7 (4) Å³	Rod, green
Z = 4	0.40 × 0.10 × 0.10 mm

Data collection top

STOE IPDS 1 diffractometer	3566 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	2549 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Plane graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.031
φ rotation scans	θ_max = 25.9°, θ_min = 2.0°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (MULABS; Spek, 2009)	h = −15→15
T_min = 0.961, T_max = 1.000	k = −24→24
14308 measured reflections	l = −18→18

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.029	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F²) = 0.072	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.95	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0409P)²] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
3566 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
207 parameters	Δρ_max = 1.15 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −0.88 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Cd1	0.750000	0.06345 (2)	0.000000	0.04883 (11)
I1	0.55787 (2)	0.11927 (2)	−0.00131 (2)	0.07922 (12)
N1	0.750000	−0.05058 (17)	0.000000	0.0399 (8)
N2	0.6906 (2)	0.01854 (14)	−0.17053 (17)	0.0460 (6)
N3	0.7067 (3)	−0.26232 (15)	−0.15731 (19)	0.0545 (7)
N4	0.750000	−0.18660 (18)	0.000000	0.0423 (8)
C1	0.7472 (2)	−0.08374 (16)	−0.0768 (2)	0.0410 (7)
C2	0.7432 (3)	−0.15288 (16)	−0.0772 (2)	0.0417 (7)
C3	0.7572 (3)	−0.04292 (16)	−0.1562 (2)	0.0476 (8)
H3A	0.835630	−0.031459	−0.142427	0.057*
H3B	0.731715	−0.069302	−0.213986	0.057*
C4	0.7161 (3)	0.06601 (18)	−0.2319 (2)	0.0513 (8)
C5	0.7873 (3)	0.0528 (2)	−0.2792 (3)	0.0655 (10)
H5	0.820979	0.010810	−0.273599	0.079*
C6	0.8096 (4)	0.1012 (2)	−0.3351 (3)	0.0838 (14)
H6	0.858370	0.091568	−0.367010	0.101*
C7	0.7617 (4)	0.1625 (3)	−0.3441 (4)	0.0881 (14)
H7	0.777532	0.195179	−0.381596	0.106*
C8	0.6897 (4)	0.1759 (2)	−0.2974 (3)	0.0835 (13)
H8	0.655115	0.217760	−0.304226	0.100*
C9	0.6677 (3)	0.1284 (2)	−0.2406 (3)	0.0674 (11)
H9	0.619914	0.138442	−0.207941	0.081*
C10	0.5702 (3)	0.0017 (2)	−0.2061 (2)	0.0591 (9)
H10A	0.550377	−0.019190	−0.267217	0.089*
H10B	0.526719	0.041903	−0.211542	0.089*
H10C	0.554820	−0.028697	−0.162881	0.089*
C11	0.7299 (3)	−0.19289 (17)	−0.1643 (2)	0.0528 (8)
H11A	0.669076	−0.173622	−0.217143	0.063*
H11B	0.798405	−0.188947	−0.178391	0.063*
C12	0.7924 (3)	−0.30691 (18)	−0.1149 (2)	0.0564 (9)
C13	0.7708 (5)	−0.3737 (2)	−0.1026 (3)	0.0763 (13)
H13	0.696946	−0.389104	−0.121410	0.092*
C14	0.8600 (6)	−0.4174 (2)	−0.0619 (4)	0.0975 (17)
H14	0.844606	−0.462330	−0.054507	0.117*
C15	0.9680 (6)	−0.3971 (3)	−0.0330 (4)	0.1016 (18)
H15	1.026535	−0.427029	−0.004708	0.122*
C16	0.9892 (4)	−0.3321 (3)	−0.0459 (3)	0.0862 (14)
H16	1.063444	−0.317367	−0.027305	0.103*
C17	0.9041 (4)	−0.2880 (2)	−0.0856 (3)	0.0664 (10)
H17	0.921527	−0.243502	−0.093253	0.080*
C18	0.5935 (4)	−0.2794 (2)	−0.1693 (3)	0.0777 (12)
H18A	0.569896	−0.317068	−0.211386	0.117*
H18B	0.545221	−0.241751	−0.195689	0.117*
H18C	0.589042	−0.290749	−0.108965	0.117*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Cd1	0.03359 (17)	0.0483 (2)	0.0628 (2)	0.000	0.01500 (15)	0.000
I1	0.04735 (16)	0.0918 (2)	0.0946 (2)	0.02423 (13)	0.02050 (14)	−0.00291 (16)
N1	0.0377 (19)	0.043 (2)	0.0401 (19)	0.000	0.0151 (15)	0.000
N2	0.0346 (13)	0.0559 (16)	0.0469 (14)	0.0013 (12)	0.0136 (11)	0.0099 (12)
N3	0.0613 (18)	0.0577 (18)	0.0493 (16)	−0.0119 (15)	0.0254 (14)	−0.0097 (14)
N4	0.049 (2)	0.044 (2)	0.0371 (19)	0.000	0.0191 (16)	0.000
C1	0.0357 (15)	0.0541 (19)	0.0358 (15)	0.0012 (14)	0.0157 (12)	0.0024 (14)
C2	0.0398 (16)	0.0521 (19)	0.0373 (16)	0.0012 (14)	0.0187 (13)	−0.0003 (14)
C3	0.0478 (18)	0.0541 (19)	0.0444 (17)	0.0018 (15)	0.0209 (14)	0.0078 (14)
C4	0.0404 (17)	0.059 (2)	0.0513 (18)	−0.0002 (15)	0.0118 (14)	0.0126 (16)
C5	0.057 (2)	0.076 (3)	0.071 (2)	0.0077 (19)	0.0325 (19)	0.024 (2)
C6	0.074 (3)	0.098 (3)	0.093 (3)	0.013 (3)	0.046 (3)	0.040 (3)
C7	0.075 (3)	0.094 (3)	0.099 (3)	0.003 (3)	0.036 (3)	0.045 (3)
C8	0.071 (3)	0.070 (3)	0.104 (3)	0.010 (2)	0.025 (3)	0.033 (3)
C9	0.052 (2)	0.068 (2)	0.081 (3)	0.0093 (18)	0.023 (2)	0.021 (2)
C10	0.0371 (18)	0.077 (3)	0.058 (2)	−0.0061 (17)	0.0104 (15)	0.0104 (18)
C11	0.068 (2)	0.056 (2)	0.0398 (17)	−0.0015 (17)	0.0263 (16)	−0.0037 (15)
C12	0.080 (3)	0.055 (2)	0.0427 (18)	−0.0036 (19)	0.0322 (18)	−0.0075 (15)
C13	0.113 (4)	0.060 (3)	0.064 (2)	−0.011 (2)	0.041 (3)	−0.009 (2)
C14	0.161 (6)	0.059 (3)	0.084 (3)	0.018 (3)	0.058 (4)	0.005 (2)
C15	0.126 (5)	0.101 (5)	0.088 (4)	0.042 (4)	0.051 (4)	0.004 (3)
C16	0.084 (3)	0.107 (4)	0.074 (3)	0.021 (3)	0.035 (2)	−0.008 (3)
C17	0.076 (3)	0.072 (3)	0.058 (2)	0.002 (2)	0.032 (2)	−0.0091 (19)
C18	0.070 (3)	0.094 (3)	0.072 (3)	−0.023 (2)	0.029 (2)	−0.011 (2)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Cd1—N1	2.295 (3)	C6—H6	0.9400
Cd1—N2ⁱ	2.599 (3)	C7—C8	1.380 (7)
Cd1—N2	2.599 (3)	C7—H7	0.9400
Cd1—I1ⁱ	2.7038 (3)	C8—C9	1.386 (6)
Cd1—I1	2.7038 (3)	C8—H8	0.9400
N1—C1	1.338 (3)	C9—H9	0.9400
N1—C1ⁱ	1.338 (3)	C10—H10A	0.9700
N2—C4	1.454 (4)	C10—H10B	0.9700
N2—C3	1.475 (4)	C10—H10C	0.9700
N2—C10	1.484 (4)	C11—H11A	0.9800
N3—C12	1.388 (5)	C11—H11B	0.9800
N3—C11	1.440 (4)	C12—C17	1.394 (6)
N3—C18	1.440 (5)	C12—C13	1.398 (5)
N4—C2	1.335 (4)	C13—C14	1.402 (7)
N4—C2ⁱ	1.335 (4)	C13—H13	0.9400
C1—C2	1.392 (5)	C14—C15	1.360 (9)
C1—C3	1.506 (4)	C14—H14	0.9400
C2—C11	1.511 (4)	C15—C16	1.364 (8)
C3—H3A	0.9800	C15—H15	0.9400
C3—H3B	0.9800	C16—C17	1.370 (6)
C4—C5	1.376 (5)	C16—H16	0.9400
C4—C9	1.386 (5)	C17—H17	0.9400
C5—C6	1.390 (5)	C18—H18A	0.9700
C5—H5	0.9400	C18—H18B	0.9700
C6—C7	1.363 (7)	C18—H18C	0.9700

N1—Cd1—N2ⁱ	69.65 (6)	C6—C7—H7	120.5
N1—Cd1—N2	69.65 (6)	C8—C7—H7	120.5
N2ⁱ—Cd1—N2	139.31 (12)	C7—C8—C9	120.7 (4)
N1—Cd1—I1ⁱ	114.551 (10)	C7—C8—H8	119.6
N2ⁱ—Cd1—I1ⁱ	101.29 (6)	C9—C8—H8	119.6
N1—Cd1—I1	114.551 (10)	C8—C9—C4	120.1 (4)
N2ⁱ—Cd1—I1	95.35 (6)	C8—C9—H9	120.0
N2—Cd1—I1ⁱ	95.35 (6)	C4—C9—H9	120.0
N2—Cd1—I1	101.29 (6)	N2—C10—H10A	109.5
I1ⁱ—Cd1—I1	130.90 (2)	N2—C10—H10B	109.5
C1—N1—C1ⁱ	120.2 (4)	H10A—C10—H10B	109.5
C1—N1—Cd1	119.92 (19)	N2—C10—H10C	109.5
C1ⁱ—N1—Cd1	119.92 (19)	H10A—C10—H10C	109.5
C4—N2—C3	113.3 (3)	H10B—C10—H10C	109.5
C4—N2—C10	111.0 (2)	N3—C11—C2	114.4 (3)
C3—N2—C10	109.6 (3)	N3—C11—H11A	108.7
C4—N2—Cd1	111.3 (2)	C2—C11—H11A	108.7
C3—N2—Cd1	101.28 (17)	N3—C11—H11B	108.7
C10—N2—Cd1	110.0 (2)	C2—C11—H11B	108.7
C12—N3—C11	120.8 (3)	H11A—C11—H11B	107.6
C12—N3—C18	120.1 (3)	N3—C12—C17	121.8 (3)
C11—N3—C18	116.6 (3)	N3—C12—C13	121.4 (4)
C2—N4—C2ⁱ	118.9 (4)	C17—C12—C13	116.8 (4)
N1—C1—C2	119.5 (3)	C12—C13—C14	119.6 (5)
N1—C1—C3	116.7 (3)	C12—C13—H13	120.2
C2—C1—C3	123.7 (3)	C14—C13—H13	120.2
N4—C2—C1	120.9 (3)	C15—C14—C13	122.1 (5)
N4—C2—C11	117.2 (3)	C15—C14—H14	118.9
C1—C2—C11	121.9 (3)	C13—C14—H14	118.9
N2—C3—C1	111.4 (3)	C14—C15—C16	118.4 (5)
N2—C3—H3A	109.3	C14—C15—H15	120.8
C1—C3—H3A	109.3	C16—C15—H15	120.8
N2—C3—H3B	109.3	C15—C16—C17	121.0 (5)
C1—C3—H3B	109.3	C15—C16—H16	119.5
H3A—C3—H3B	108.0	C17—C16—H16	119.5
C5—C4—C9	118.9 (3)	C16—C17—C12	122.1 (4)
C5—C4—N2	123.7 (3)	C16—C17—H17	118.9
C9—C4—N2	117.4 (3)	C12—C17—H17	118.9
C4—C5—C6	120.5 (4)	N3—C18—H18A	109.5
C4—C5—H5	119.8	N3—C18—H18B	109.5
C6—C5—H5	119.8	H18A—C18—H18B	109.5
C7—C6—C5	120.7 (4)	N3—C18—H18C	109.5
C7—C6—H6	119.6	H18A—C18—H18C	109.5
C5—C6—H6	119.6	H18B—C18—H18C	109.5
C6—C7—C8	119.1 (4)

C1ⁱ—N1—C1—C2	2.3 (2)	C4—C5—C6—C7	0.0 (7)
Cd1—N1—C1—C2	−177.7 (2)	C5—C6—C7—C8	−0.5 (8)
C1ⁱ—N1—C1—C3	−173.3 (3)	C6—C7—C8—C9	1.2 (7)
Cd1—N1—C1—C3	6.7 (3)	C7—C8—C9—C4	−1.6 (7)
C2ⁱ—N4—C2—C1	2.3 (2)	C5—C4—C9—C8	1.1 (6)
C2ⁱ—N4—C2—C11	−177.0 (3)	N2—C4—C9—C8	179.4 (4)
N1—C1—C2—N4	−4.7 (4)	C12—N3—C11—C2	−82.7 (4)
C3—C1—C2—N4	170.6 (3)	C18—N3—C11—C2	79.2 (4)
N1—C1—C2—C11	174.6 (3)	N4—C2—C11—N3	10.3 (4)
C3—C1—C2—C11	−10.1 (5)	C1—C2—C11—N3	−169.0 (3)
C4—N2—C3—C1	167.5 (3)	C11—N3—C12—C17	−6.2 (5)
C10—N2—C3—C1	−68.0 (3)	C18—N3—C12—C17	−167.4 (3)
Cd1—N2—C3—C1	48.2 (3)	C11—N3—C12—C13	176.2 (3)
N1—C1—C3—N2	−41.9 (4)	C18—N3—C12—C13	15.0 (5)
C2—C1—C3—N2	142.8 (3)	N3—C12—C13—C14	178.1 (4)
C3—N2—C4—C5	5.8 (4)	C17—C12—C13—C14	0.3 (6)
C10—N2—C4—C5	−118.0 (4)	C12—C13—C14—C15	0.6 (7)
Cd1—N2—C4—C5	119.1 (3)	C13—C14—C15—C16	−1.3 (8)
C3—N2—C4—C9	−172.4 (3)	C14—C15—C16—C17	1.2 (8)
C10—N2—C4—C9	63.8 (4)	C15—C16—C17—C12	−0.3 (7)
Cd1—N2—C4—C9	−59.1 (3)	N3—C12—C17—C16	−178.2 (3)
C9—C4—C5—C6	−0.3 (6)	C13—C12—C17—C16	−0.5 (5)
N2—C4—C5—C6	−178.5 (4)

Symmetry code: (i) −x+3/2, y, −z.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

Cg3 is the centroid of the pyrazine ring N1/N4/C1/C2/C1ⁱ/C2ⁱ and Cg5 is the centroid of the C12–C17 ring.

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
C18—H18C···Cg5ⁱ	0.97	2.95	3.896 (5)	165
C17—H17···I1ⁱⁱ	0.94	3.09	3.907 (4)	147
Cd1—I1···Cgⁱⁱⁱ	2.70 (1)	3.96 (1)	6.5131 (12)	155 (1)
Cd1—I1···Cg3^iv	2.70 (1)	3.96 (1)	6.5131 (12)	155 (1)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3/2, y, −z; (ii) x+1/2, −y, z; (iii) −x+1, −y, −z; (iv) x−1/2, −y, z.

Dichorido{N,N',N'',N'''-[pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetrayltetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis(N-methylaniline)-κ³N²,N¹,N⁶}zinc(II) dichloromethane 0.6-solvate (II) top

Crystal data top

[ZnCl₂(C₃₆H₄₀N₆)]·0.6CH₂Cl₂	Z = 2
M_r = 743.99	F(000) = 774.4
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.340 Mg m⁻³
a = 11.9196 (8) Å	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 12.1208 (8) Å	Cell parameters from 5000 reflections
c = 13.919 (1) Å	θ = 1.7–26.1°
α = 98.222 (8)°	µ = 0.93 mm⁻¹
β = 100.313 (8)°	T = 223 K
γ = 107.580 (7)°	Rod, yellow
V = 1843.9 (2) Å³	0.30 × 0.10 × 0.10 mm

Data collection top

STOE IPDS 1 diffractometer	6654 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	3490 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Plane graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.054
φ rotation scans	θ_max = 25.9°, θ_min = 2.1°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (MULABS; Spek, 2009)	h = −14→13
T_min = 0.983, T_max = 1.000	k = −13→14
14512 measured reflections	l = −17→17

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.043	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F²) = 0.117	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.79	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0649P)²] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
6654 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.028
437 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.75 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −0.35 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq	Occ. (<1)
Zn1	0.35680 (4)	0.17960 (5)	0.48236 (4)	0.03370 (16)
Cl1	0.26266 (9)	0.31262 (9)	0.48265 (8)	0.0379 (3)
Cl2	0.33732 (10)	0.02609 (9)	0.55847 (8)	0.0383 (3)
N1	0.4877 (3)	0.2055 (3)	0.4016 (2)	0.0294 (8)
N2	0.2552 (3)	0.0630 (3)	0.3191 (2)	0.0354 (8)
N3	0.6536 (3)	0.0643 (4)	0.1349 (3)	0.0463 (10)
N4	0.6673 (3)	0.2247 (3)	0.3005 (2)	0.0353 (9)
N5	0.5392 (3)	0.3173 (3)	0.5955 (2)	0.0297 (8)
N6	0.9012 (3)	0.3813 (4)	0.3867 (3)	0.0440 (10)
C1	0.4709 (4)	0.1232 (4)	0.3201 (3)	0.0309 (10)
C2	0.5649 (4)	0.1337 (4)	0.2698 (3)	0.0318 (10)
C3	0.3531 (4)	0.0225 (4)	0.2939 (3)	0.0370 (10)
H3A	0.332467	−0.012157	0.222331	0.044*
H3B	0.361523	−0.039048	0.330527	0.044*
C4	0.1483 (4)	−0.0309 (4)	0.3234 (3)	0.0380 (11)
C5	0.1318 (4)	−0.1506 (4)	0.2941 (3)	0.0440 (11)
H5	0.189961	−0.173802	0.267030	0.053*
C6	0.0295 (4)	−0.2354 (5)	0.3049 (3)	0.0524 (13)
H6	0.020101	−0.315972	0.286843	0.063*
C7	−0.0586 (5)	−0.2035 (6)	0.3417 (4)	0.0615 (15)
H7	−0.128003	−0.261909	0.348052	0.074*
C8	−0.0441 (4)	−0.0849 (6)	0.3691 (4)	0.0618 (15)
H8	−0.104135	−0.062684	0.393942	0.074*
C9	0.0583 (4)	0.0012 (5)	0.3603 (4)	0.0518 (13)
H9	0.067382	0.081656	0.379134	0.062*
C10	0.2243 (4)	0.1374 (4)	0.2491 (3)	0.0492 (12)
H10C	0.195802	0.090689	0.181450	0.074*
H10B	0.295684	0.204609	0.253252	0.074*
H10A	0.161260	0.165493	0.267231	0.074*
C11	0.5545 (4)	0.0370 (4)	0.1832 (3)	0.0458 (12)
H11A	0.549429	−0.035832	0.207651	0.055*
H11B	0.479057	0.021761	0.133629	0.055*
C12	0.6568 (4)	0.1362 (4)	0.0662 (3)	0.0447 (12)
C13	0.7525 (5)	0.1612 (5)	0.0174 (4)	0.0666 (16)
H13	0.814974	0.129703	0.032399	0.080*
C14	0.7552 (7)	0.2312 (7)	−0.0519 (5)	0.087 (2)
H14	0.820382	0.246888	−0.083057	0.105*
C15	0.6682 (9)	0.2781 (6)	−0.0769 (5)	0.098 (3)
H15	0.671980	0.325867	−0.124647	0.117*
C16	0.5726 (7)	0.2540 (6)	−0.0303 (4)	0.086 (2)
H16	0.510787	0.285978	−0.046768	0.103*
C17	0.5667 (5)	0.1833 (5)	0.0405 (4)	0.0599 (14)
H17	0.500786	0.167545	0.070873	0.072*
C18	0.7620 (6)	0.0419 (6)	0.1793 (4)	0.086 (2)
H18C	0.779738	−0.012043	0.130429	0.129*
H18B	0.749440	0.006775	0.236560	0.129*
H18A	0.829462	0.115809	0.200454	0.129*
C21	0.5910 (4)	0.2969 (4)	0.4341 (3)	0.0288 (9)
C22	0.6828 (3)	0.3080 (4)	0.3814 (3)	0.0310 (10)
C23	0.5972 (4)	0.3833 (4)	0.5261 (3)	0.0324 (10)
H23A	0.681896	0.429429	0.558643	0.039*
H23B	0.555559	0.438161	0.507247	0.039*
C24	0.5072 (4)	0.3885 (4)	0.6722 (3)	0.0317 (10)
C25	0.5468 (4)	0.5100 (4)	0.6919 (3)	0.0362 (10)
H25	0.599552	0.551869	0.656583	0.043*
C26	0.5080 (4)	0.5711 (4)	0.7651 (3)	0.0448 (12)
H26	0.533850	0.654230	0.778053	0.054*
C27	0.4327 (4)	0.5106 (5)	0.8179 (3)	0.0487 (13)
H27	0.407923	0.552419	0.867503	0.058*
C28	0.3934 (4)	0.3893 (5)	0.7988 (3)	0.0489 (12)
H28	0.341885	0.347757	0.835120	0.059*
C29	0.4302 (4)	0.3282 (4)	0.7255 (3)	0.0440 (12)
H29	0.402641	0.245046	0.711871	0.053*
C30	0.6175 (4)	0.2547 (4)	0.6402 (3)	0.0432 (12)
H30C	0.693683	0.312083	0.679612	0.065*
H30B	0.632752	0.203586	0.587463	0.065*
H30A	0.577342	0.207377	0.682678	0.065*
C31	0.7994 (4)	0.4100 (4)	0.4112 (3)	0.0463 (12)
H31A	0.788908	0.473627	0.378260	0.056*
H31B	0.817746	0.440047	0.483454	0.056*
C32	0.9419 (4)	0.4069 (4)	0.3029 (3)	0.0368 (10)
C33	1.0564 (4)	0.4040 (5)	0.2933 (3)	0.0509 (13)
H33	1.103887	0.380026	0.342028	0.061*
C34	1.0987 (5)	0.4367 (6)	0.2120 (4)	0.0689 (17)
H34	1.175749	0.434902	0.207024	0.083*
C35	1.0337 (5)	0.4715 (5)	0.1385 (4)	0.0710 (17)
H35	1.065545	0.495398	0.084821	0.085*
C36	0.9177 (5)	0.4703 (5)	0.1459 (4)	0.0608 (14)
H36	0.869357	0.490972	0.095273	0.073*
C37	0.8741 (4)	0.4395 (4)	0.2261 (3)	0.0480 (12)
H37	0.796333	0.440162	0.229773	0.058*
C38	0.9460 (5)	0.3087 (5)	0.4473 (4)	0.0611 (15)
H38C	0.951629	0.241231	0.404214	0.092*
H38B	0.890860	0.281192	0.489074	0.092*
H38A	1.025495	0.355234	0.489222	0.092*
C40	0.1063 (10)	0.2516 (11)	0.9543 (8)	0.095 (4)	0.6
H40A	0.053445	0.294842	0.973082	0.114*	0.6
H40B	0.103192	0.249458	0.883154	0.114*	0.6
Cl3	0.2564 (2)	0.3346 (3)	1.02194 (16)	0.0912 (10)	0.6
Cl4	0.0491 (3)	0.1163 (3)	0.9673 (2)	0.1003 (10)	0.6

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Zn1	0.0365 (3)	0.0345 (3)	0.0385 (3)	0.0163 (3)	0.0187 (2)	0.0121 (2)
Cl1	0.0334 (6)	0.0367 (7)	0.0497 (6)	0.0193 (6)	0.0121 (5)	0.0092 (5)
Cl2	0.0485 (7)	0.0319 (6)	0.0394 (6)	0.0134 (6)	0.0156 (5)	0.0167 (5)
N1	0.032 (2)	0.031 (2)	0.0280 (18)	0.0121 (19)	0.0103 (15)	0.0056 (15)
N2	0.032 (2)	0.033 (2)	0.044 (2)	0.0111 (19)	0.0145 (16)	0.0112 (16)
N3	0.052 (2)	0.052 (3)	0.043 (2)	0.023 (2)	0.0239 (19)	0.0053 (19)
N4	0.037 (2)	0.035 (2)	0.036 (2)	0.011 (2)	0.0168 (16)	0.0051 (17)
N5	0.037 (2)	0.029 (2)	0.0307 (18)	0.0164 (18)	0.0140 (15)	0.0092 (15)
N6	0.034 (2)	0.059 (3)	0.046 (2)	0.018 (2)	0.0189 (18)	0.0173 (19)
C1	0.034 (2)	0.028 (3)	0.033 (2)	0.011 (2)	0.0123 (18)	0.0089 (19)
C2	0.037 (3)	0.029 (3)	0.033 (2)	0.013 (2)	0.0150 (19)	0.0061 (18)
C3	0.037 (3)	0.031 (3)	0.042 (3)	0.010 (2)	0.013 (2)	0.003 (2)
C4	0.032 (2)	0.038 (3)	0.040 (2)	0.005 (2)	0.0093 (19)	0.010 (2)
C5	0.044 (3)	0.037 (3)	0.046 (3)	0.007 (3)	0.011 (2)	0.007 (2)
C6	0.050 (3)	0.043 (3)	0.050 (3)	−0.002 (3)	0.006 (2)	0.009 (2)
C7	0.042 (3)	0.071 (5)	0.055 (3)	−0.007 (3)	0.013 (3)	0.015 (3)
C8	0.036 (3)	0.079 (5)	0.063 (3)	0.007 (3)	0.020 (2)	0.006 (3)
C9	0.038 (3)	0.051 (3)	0.064 (3)	0.011 (3)	0.019 (2)	0.003 (3)
C10	0.049 (3)	0.048 (3)	0.049 (3)	0.015 (3)	0.005 (2)	0.019 (2)
C11	0.055 (3)	0.038 (3)	0.044 (3)	0.012 (3)	0.024 (2)	−0.001 (2)
C12	0.052 (3)	0.046 (3)	0.029 (2)	0.011 (3)	0.012 (2)	−0.006 (2)
C13	0.060 (3)	0.078 (5)	0.044 (3)	−0.003 (3)	0.024 (3)	−0.002 (3)
C14	0.090 (5)	0.095 (6)	0.047 (4)	−0.012 (5)	0.026 (4)	0.002 (4)
C15	0.149 (8)	0.071 (5)	0.036 (4)	−0.011 (5)	0.017 (4)	0.005 (3)
C16	0.141 (7)	0.066 (4)	0.038 (3)	0.042 (5)	−0.004 (4)	−0.007 (3)
C17	0.080 (4)	0.058 (4)	0.039 (3)	0.025 (3)	0.014 (3)	−0.001 (2)
C18	0.086 (4)	0.122 (6)	0.081 (4)	0.072 (5)	0.032 (4)	0.023 (4)
C21	0.032 (2)	0.028 (3)	0.028 (2)	0.011 (2)	0.0081 (18)	0.0060 (18)
C22	0.028 (2)	0.032 (3)	0.036 (2)	0.011 (2)	0.0136 (18)	0.0078 (19)
C23	0.033 (2)	0.031 (3)	0.035 (2)	0.011 (2)	0.0126 (19)	0.0058 (19)
C24	0.033 (2)	0.035 (3)	0.028 (2)	0.015 (2)	0.0075 (18)	0.0027 (18)
C25	0.039 (3)	0.038 (3)	0.034 (2)	0.016 (2)	0.0104 (19)	0.006 (2)
C26	0.056 (3)	0.042 (3)	0.038 (3)	0.020 (3)	0.014 (2)	−0.001 (2)
C27	0.054 (3)	0.060 (4)	0.036 (3)	0.029 (3)	0.014 (2)	−0.002 (2)
C28	0.053 (3)	0.060 (4)	0.040 (3)	0.021 (3)	0.023 (2)	0.010 (2)
C29	0.058 (3)	0.040 (3)	0.038 (3)	0.016 (3)	0.023 (2)	0.006 (2)
C30	0.050 (3)	0.050 (3)	0.039 (3)	0.031 (3)	0.009 (2)	0.008 (2)
C31	0.039 (3)	0.046 (3)	0.052 (3)	0.008 (3)	0.025 (2)	−0.001 (2)
C32	0.031 (2)	0.038 (3)	0.036 (2)	0.007 (2)	0.0075 (19)	−0.001 (2)
C33	0.039 (3)	0.076 (4)	0.040 (3)	0.021 (3)	0.015 (2)	0.008 (2)
C34	0.048 (3)	0.105 (5)	0.052 (3)	0.021 (4)	0.024 (3)	0.007 (3)
C35	0.076 (4)	0.092 (5)	0.041 (3)	0.016 (4)	0.027 (3)	0.011 (3)
C36	0.077 (4)	0.051 (4)	0.046 (3)	0.012 (3)	0.008 (3)	0.015 (3)
C37	0.043 (3)	0.045 (3)	0.054 (3)	0.012 (3)	0.011 (2)	0.011 (2)
C38	0.046 (3)	0.082 (4)	0.058 (3)	0.019 (3)	0.013 (3)	0.030 (3)
C40	0.082 (8)	0.114 (10)	0.084 (8)	0.037 (8)	−0.013 (6)	0.038 (7)
Cl3	0.0444 (13)	0.179 (3)	0.0384 (12)	0.0251 (17)	0.0150 (10)	0.0076 (15)
Cl4	0.088 (2)	0.098 (3)	0.115 (2)	0.043 (2)	0.0134 (18)	0.0124 (19)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Zn1—N1	2.057 (3)	C15—C16	1.386 (10)
Zn1—N2	2.385 (3)	C15—H15	0.9400
Zn1—N5	2.413 (3)	C16—C17	1.394 (8)
Zn1—Cl1	2.2251 (10)	C16—H16	0.9400
Zn1—Cl2	2.2425 (11)	C17—H17	0.9400
N1—C21	1.334 (5)	C18—H18C	0.9700
N1—C1	1.340 (5)	C18—H18B	0.9700
N2—C4	1.446 (5)	C18—H18A	0.9700
N2—C3	1.473 (5)	C21—C22	1.407 (5)
N2—C10	1.491 (5)	C21—C23	1.509 (5)
N3—C12	1.381 (6)	C22—C31	1.497 (6)
N3—C18	1.449 (6)	C23—H23A	0.9800
N3—C11	1.438 (5)	C23—H23B	0.9800
N4—C2	1.325 (5)	C24—C25	1.373 (6)
N4—C22	1.345 (5)	C24—C29	1.386 (6)
N5—C24	1.453 (5)	C25—C26	1.399 (5)
N5—C30	1.480 (5)	C25—H25	0.9400
N5—C23	1.476 (5)	C26—C27	1.371 (7)
N6—C32	1.380 (5)	C26—H26	0.9400
N6—C31	1.441 (5)	C27—C28	1.371 (7)
N6—C38	1.451 (6)	C27—H27	0.9400
C1—C2	1.408 (5)	C28—C29	1.385 (6)
C1—C3	1.500 (6)	C28—H28	0.9400
C2—C11	1.516 (5)	C29—H29	0.9400
C3—H3A	0.9800	C30—H30C	0.9700
C3—H3B	0.9800	C30—H30B	0.9700
C4—C5	1.393 (6)	C30—H30A	0.9700
C4—C9	1.400 (6)	C31—H31A	0.9800
C5—C6	1.385 (6)	C31—H31B	0.9800
C5—H5	0.9400	C32—C37	1.399 (6)
C6—C7	1.376 (7)	C32—C33	1.404 (6)
C6—H6	0.9400	C33—C34	1.380 (7)
C7—C8	1.383 (8)	C33—H33	0.9400
C7—H7	0.9400	C34—C35	1.365 (7)
C8—C9	1.384 (7)	C34—H34	0.9400
C8—H8	0.9400	C35—C36	1.401 (7)
C9—H9	0.9400	C35—H35	0.9400
C10—H10C	0.9700	C36—C37	1.365 (7)
C10—H10B	0.9700	C36—H36	0.9400
C10—H10A	0.9700	C37—H37	0.9400
C11—H11A	0.9800	C38—H38C	0.9700
C11—H11B	0.9800	C38—H38B	0.9700
C12—C17	1.378 (6)	C38—H38A	0.9700
C12—C13	1.408 (7)	C40—Cl4	1.625 (12)
C13—C14	1.370 (9)	C40—Cl3	1.772 (11)
C13—H13	0.9400	C40—H40A	0.9800
C14—C15	1.343 (9)	C40—H40B	0.9800
C14—H14	0.9400

N1—Zn1—N2	75.02 (12)	C16—C15—H15	121.0
N1—Zn1—N5	74.23 (12)	C17—C16—C15	121.2 (6)
N2—Zn1—N5	149.21 (11)	C17—C16—H16	119.4
N1—Zn1—Cl1	114.15 (9)	C15—C16—H16	119.4
N1—Zn1—Cl2	114.68 (9)	C12—C17—C16	120.4 (6)
Cl1—Zn1—N2	98.12 (8)	C12—C17—H17	119.8
Cl2—Zn1—N2	95.70 (9)	C16—C17—H17	119.8
Cl1—Zn1—N5	93.02 (7)	N3—C18—H18C	109.5
Cl2—Zn1—N5	98.34 (8)	N3—C18—H18B	109.5
Cl1—Zn1—Cl2	131.14 (4)	H18C—C18—H18B	109.5
C21—N1—C1	120.8 (3)	N3—C18—H18A	109.5
C21—N1—Zn1	120.7 (2)	H18C—C18—H18A	109.5
C1—N1—Zn1	118.3 (3)	H18B—C18—H18A	109.5
C4—N2—C3	114.5 (3)	N1—C21—C22	119.6 (3)
C4—N2—C10	111.2 (3)	N1—C21—C23	115.2 (3)
C3—N2—C10	109.9 (3)	C22—C21—C23	125.1 (4)
C4—N2—Zn1	110.2 (2)	N4—C22—C21	119.8 (4)
C3—N2—Zn1	99.2 (2)	N4—C22—C31	117.4 (3)
C10—N2—Zn1	111.3 (3)	C21—C22—C31	122.8 (4)
C12—N3—C18	120.4 (4)	N5—C23—C21	109.2 (3)
C12—N3—C11	120.1 (4)	N5—C23—H23A	109.8
C18—N3—C11	117.4 (4)	C21—C23—H23A	109.8
C2—N4—C22	119.8 (3)	N5—C23—H23B	109.8
C24—N5—C30	111.1 (3)	C21—C23—H23B	109.8
C24—N5—C23	114.7 (3)	H23A—C23—H23B	108.3
C30—N5—C23	109.3 (3)	C25—C24—C29	119.5 (4)
C24—N5—Zn1	109.4 (2)	C25—C24—N5	123.5 (4)
C30—N5—Zn1	111.1 (3)	C29—C24—N5	117.0 (4)
C23—N5—Zn1	100.9 (2)	C24—C25—C26	119.4 (4)
C32—N6—C31	122.1 (4)	C24—C25—H25	120.3
C32—N6—C38	122.1 (3)	C26—C25—H25	120.3
C31—N6—C38	115.2 (4)	C27—C26—C25	120.5 (4)
N1—C1—C2	118.9 (4)	C27—C26—H26	119.7
N1—C1—C3	115.6 (3)	C25—C26—H26	119.7
C2—C1—C3	125.4 (4)	C28—C27—C26	120.2 (4)
N4—C2—C1	120.9 (4)	C28—C27—H27	119.9
N4—C2—C11	118.2 (3)	C26—C27—H27	119.9
C1—C2—C11	120.7 (4)	C27—C28—C29	119.6 (4)
N2—C3—C1	110.9 (3)	C27—C28—H28	120.2
N2—C3—H3A	109.5	C29—C28—H28	120.2
C1—C3—H3A	109.5	C28—C29—C24	120.7 (4)
N2—C3—H3B	109.5	C28—C29—H29	119.6
C1—C3—H3B	109.5	C24—C29—H29	119.6
H3A—C3—H3B	108.1	N5—C30—H30C	109.5
C5—C4—C9	118.8 (4)	N5—C30—H30B	109.5
C5—C4—N2	123.3 (4)	H30C—C30—H30B	109.5
C9—C4—N2	117.8 (4)	N5—C30—H30A	109.5
C6—C5—C4	120.0 (4)	H30C—C30—H30A	109.5
C6—C5—H5	120.0	H30B—C30—H30A	109.5
C4—C5—H5	120.0	N6—C31—C22	114.2 (4)
C7—C6—C5	121.1 (5)	N6—C31—H31A	108.7
C7—C6—H6	119.5	C22—C31—H31A	108.7
C5—C6—H6	119.5	N6—C31—H31B	108.7
C6—C7—C8	119.4 (5)	C22—C31—H31B	108.7
C6—C7—H7	120.3	H31A—C31—H31B	107.6
C8—C7—H7	120.3	N6—C32—C37	122.3 (4)
C7—C8—C9	120.5 (5)	N6—C32—C33	120.4 (4)
C7—C8—H8	119.8	C37—C32—C33	117.3 (4)
C9—C8—H8	119.8	C34—C33—C32	119.6 (5)
C8—C9—C4	120.3 (5)	C34—C33—H33	120.2
C8—C9—H9	119.9	C32—C33—H33	120.2
C4—C9—H9	119.9	C35—C34—C33	122.9 (5)
N2—C10—H10C	109.5	C35—C34—H34	118.5
N2—C10—H10B	109.5	C33—C34—H34	118.5
H10C—C10—H10B	109.5	C34—C35—C36	117.6 (5)
N2—C10—H10A	109.5	C34—C35—H35	121.2
H10C—C10—H10A	109.5	C36—C35—H35	121.2
H10B—C10—H10A	109.5	C37—C36—C35	120.6 (5)
N3—C11—C2	114.2 (4)	C37—C36—H36	119.7
N3—C11—H11A	108.7	C35—C36—H36	119.7
C2—C11—H11A	108.7	C36—C37—C32	121.9 (5)
N3—C11—H11B	108.7	C36—C37—H37	119.1
C2—C11—H11B	108.7	C32—C37—H37	119.1
H11A—C11—H11B	107.6	N6—C38—H38C	109.5
C17—C12—N3	122.3 (4)	N6—C38—H38B	109.5
C17—C12—C13	117.4 (5)	H38C—C38—H38B	109.5
N3—C12—C13	120.3 (4)	N6—C38—H38A	109.5
C14—C13—C12	120.5 (6)	H38C—C38—H38A	109.5
C14—C13—H13	119.8	H38B—C38—H38A	109.5
C12—C13—H13	119.8	Cl4—C40—Cl3	118.1 (6)
C15—C14—C13	122.5 (6)	Cl4—C40—H40A	107.8
C15—C14—H14	118.8	Cl3—C40—H40A	107.8
C13—C14—H14	118.8	Cl4—C40—H40B	107.8
C14—C15—C16	118.0 (6)	Cl3—C40—H40B	107.8
C14—C15—H15	121.0	H40A—C40—H40B	107.1

C21—N1—C1—C2	0.9 (5)	C1—N1—C21—C22	0.8 (5)
Zn1—N1—C1—C2	−173.8 (3)	Zn1—N1—C21—C22	175.4 (3)
C21—N1—C1—C3	177.6 (3)	C1—N1—C21—C23	179.5 (3)
Zn1—N1—C1—C3	2.8 (4)	Zn1—N1—C21—C23	−5.9 (4)
C22—N4—C2—C1	0.6 (6)	C2—N4—C22—C21	1.2 (6)
C22—N4—C2—C11	−175.4 (4)	C2—N4—C22—C31	−178.7 (4)
N1—C1—C2—N4	−1.7 (6)	N1—C21—C22—N4	−1.9 (5)
C3—C1—C2—N4	−178.0 (4)	C23—C21—C22—N4	179.6 (3)
N1—C1—C2—C11	174.2 (4)	N1—C21—C22—C31	178.0 (4)
C3—C1—C2—C11	−2.0 (6)	C23—C21—C22—C31	−0.5 (6)
C4—N2—C3—C1	−163.3 (3)	C24—N5—C23—C21	−162.9 (3)
C10—N2—C3—C1	70.8 (4)	C30—N5—C23—C21	71.6 (4)
Zn1—N2—C3—C1	−46.0 (3)	Zn1—N5—C23—C21	−45.5 (3)
N1—C1—C3—N2	34.4 (5)	N1—C21—C23—N5	39.1 (4)
C2—C1—C3—N2	−149.2 (4)	C22—C21—C23—N5	−142.4 (4)
C3—N2—C4—C5	−7.8 (6)	C30—N5—C24—C25	112.7 (4)
C10—N2—C4—C5	117.5 (4)	C23—N5—C24—C25	−11.8 (5)
Zn1—N2—C4—C5	−118.6 (4)	Zn1—N5—C24—C25	−124.3 (3)
C3—N2—C4—C9	171.3 (4)	C30—N5—C24—C29	−68.9 (5)
C10—N2—C4—C9	−63.5 (5)	C23—N5—C24—C29	166.6 (3)
Zn1—N2—C4—C9	60.4 (4)	Zn1—N5—C24—C29	54.1 (4)
C9—C4—C5—C6	−2.2 (6)	C29—C24—C25—C26	−0.5 (6)
N2—C4—C5—C6	176.9 (4)	N5—C24—C25—C26	177.9 (4)
C4—C5—C6—C7	1.9 (7)	C24—C25—C26—C27	1.1 (6)
C5—C6—C7—C8	−0.6 (7)	C25—C26—C27—C28	−0.8 (7)
C6—C7—C8—C9	−0.3 (8)	C26—C27—C28—C29	−0.1 (7)
C7—C8—C9—C4	0.0 (8)	C27—C28—C29—C24	0.7 (7)
C5—C4—C9—C8	1.2 (7)	C25—C24—C29—C28	−0.3 (6)
N2—C4—C9—C8	−177.9 (4)	N5—C24—C29—C28	−178.9 (4)
C12—N3—C11—C2	−80.2 (5)	C32—N6—C31—C22	99.2 (5)
C18—N3—C11—C2	83.5 (5)	C38—N6—C31—C22	−72.1 (5)
N4—C2—C11—N3	−8.2 (6)	N4—C22—C31—N6	−30.4 (6)
C1—C2—C11—N3	175.7 (4)	C21—C22—C31—N6	149.7 (4)
C18—N3—C12—C17	−163.8 (5)	C31—N6—C32—C37	−13.3 (7)
C11—N3—C12—C17	−0.6 (7)	C38—N6—C32—C37	157.3 (5)
C18—N3—C12—C13	18.0 (7)	C31—N6—C32—C33	164.9 (4)
C11—N3—C12—C13	−178.8 (4)	C38—N6—C32—C33	−24.5 (7)
C17—C12—C13—C14	0.8 (8)	N6—C32—C33—C34	−176.1 (5)
N3—C12—C13—C14	179.1 (5)	C37—C32—C33—C34	2.2 (7)
C12—C13—C14—C15	−0.4 (10)	C32—C33—C34—C35	−0.5 (9)
C13—C14—C15—C16	0.0 (10)	C33—C34—C35—C36	−1.8 (9)
C14—C15—C16—C17	0.0 (9)	C34—C35—C36—C37	2.3 (9)
N3—C12—C17—C16	−179.1 (5)	C35—C36—C37—C32	−0.7 (8)
C13—C12—C17—C16	−0.8 (7)	N6—C32—C37—C36	176.7 (5)
C15—C16—C17—C12	0.4 (8)	C33—C32—C37—C36	−1.6 (7)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

Cg3 is the centroid of the pyrazine ring N1/N4/C1/C2/C21/C22, and Cg5 and Cg7 are the centroids of rings C12–C17 and C32–C37, respectively.

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
C6—H6···Cg7ⁱ	0.94	2.88	3.814 (6)	177
C11—H11B···Cg5ⁱⁱ	0.98	2.90	3.540 (5)	124
C26—H26···Cg3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.94	2.95	3.544 (5)	122
Zn1—Cl2···Cg3^iv	2.24 (1)	3.68 (1)	5.8035 (19)	156 (1)

Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, y−1, z; (ii) −x+1, −y, −z; (iii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iv) −x+1, −y, −z+1.

A comparison of the conformation of the ligand (L) in complexes I and II top

The definitions of rings A, B, C, D and E are given in Fig. 4.

Dihedral angle (°)	I^a	II	Δ(I - II)°
A to B	41.9 (2)	35.5 (2)	> 6.4
A to C	86.1 (2)	87.5 (3)	< 1.4
A to D	41.9 (2)	34.9 (2)	> 7.0
A to E	86.1 (2)	74.4 (2)	> 11.7
B to C	54.0 (2)	53.7 (3)	> 0.3
B to D	38.0 (2)	26.9 (2)	> 11.1
B to E	63.4 (2)	71.9 (2)	< 8.5
C to D	63.4 (2)	58.5 (3)	> 4.9
C to E	24.9 (2)	18.3 (3)	> 6.6
D to E	54.0 (2)	74.9 (2)	< 20.9

Note: (a) D = Bⁱ, E = Cⁱ; symmetry code: (i) -x + 3/2, y, -z.

Summary of interatomic contacts (Å)^a, shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii, in the crystal structures of I and II top

Contact	Length	Length - vdW	Symmetry operation
I
C11···C12	3.278	-0.122	3/2 - x, -1/2 - y, -1/2 - z
C12···H11A	2.805	-0.095	3/2 - x, -1/2 - y, -1/2 - z
I1···H17	3.087	-0.093	-1/2 + x, -y, z
N3···H11B	2.671	-0.079	3/2 - x, -1/2 - y, -1/2 - z
N3···C11	3.234	-0.016	3/2 - x, -1/2 - y, -1/2 - z

II
Cl4···Cl4	3.045	-0.455	-x, -y, 2 - z
C6···H40B	2.758	-0.142	-x, -y, 1 - z
C30···H3B	2.779	-0.121	1 - x, -y, 1 - z
H23B···H23B	2.287	-0.113	1 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z
H6···C36	2.798	-0.102	-1 + x, -1 + y, z
Cl1···H33	2.854	-0.096	-1 + x, y, z
H6···C37	2.858	-0.042	-1 + x, -1 + y, z
H3B···H30A	2.359	-0.041	1 - x, -y, 1 - z
H10B···H26	2.382	-0.018	1 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z

Note: (a) distances were calculated using Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008).

Acknowledgements

HSE is grateful to the University of Neuchâtel for their support over the years.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Neuchâtel.

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