Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface and frontier mol­ecular orbital analysis of 10-benzyl-9-(3-eth­oxy-4-hy­droxy­phen­yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexa­hydro­acridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione

Suresh Babu, N.; Sughanya, V.; Dhandapani, A.; Kalaivanan, R.

doi:10.1107/S2056989020004065

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 76| Part 4| April 2020| Pages 585-588

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020004065

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Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface and frontier molecular orbital analysis of 10-benzyl-9-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione

N. Suresh Babu,^a ^* V. Sughanya,^b A. Dhandapani ^c and R. Kalaivanan ^d

^aDepartment of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering-Sengipatti, Thanjavur-613 402, Tamil Nadu, India, ^bDepartment of Chemistry, Periyar Government Arts College, Silver Beach Road, Devanampattinam, Cuddalore-607 001, Tamil Nadu, India, ^cDepartment of Chemistry, CK College of Engineering & Technology, Sellankuppam, Cuddalore-607 003, Tamil Nadu, India, and ^dDepartment of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
^*Correspondence e-mail: babusuresh1982@gmail.com

Edited by H. Ishida, Okayama University, Japan (Received 3 February 2020; accepted 23 March 2020; online 27 March 2020)

In the fused ring system of the title compound, C₃₂H₃₇NO₄, the central dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation, the mean and maximum deviations of the dihydropyridine ring being 0.1429 (2) and 0.2621 (2) Å, respectively. The two cyclohexenone rings adopt envelope conformations with the tetrasubstituted C atoms as flap atoms. The benzene and phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 85.81 (2) and 88.90 (2)°, respectively, with the mean plane of the dihydropyridine ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked via an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a helical chain along the b-axis direction. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (65.2%), O⋯H/H⋯O (18.8%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (13.9%) contacts. Quantum chemical calculations for the frontier molecular orbitals were undertake to determine the chemical reactivity of the title compound.

Keywords: crystal structure; dimedone; benzylamine; acridinedione.

CCDC reference: 924670

1. Chemical context

The crystal structures of acridinedione derivatives are expected to provide useful information on the molecular conformation, which has a direct relationship to biological activity. Acridine derivatives (Nasim & Brychcy, 1979 ; Thull & Testa, 1994 ; Mándi et al., 1994 ), well known as therapeutic agents, are important because of their range of applications in the dye and pharmaceutical industries. Certain acridinedione derivatives exhibit good inhibition against the pathogen vibro isolate-I (Josephrajan et al., 2005 ), display anti-cancer (Sondhi et al., 2004 ; Sugaya et al., 1994 ; Kimura et al., 1993 ) and antitumour (Talacki et al., 1974 ) activity and act as K-channel openers (Li et al., 1996 ).

2. Structural commentary

The rings A (C18–C23), B (N1/C15/C14/C17–C19) and C (C11–C16) in the fused-ring system show total puckering amplitudes Q(T) of 0.4624 (2), 0.3888 (2) and 0.4942 (3) Å, respectively. The central ring B adopts a flattened boat conformation with a mean deviation of 0.1429 (2) Å from the mean plane and a maximum deviation of 0.2621 (2) Å for atom C17. The cyclohexenone rings A and C adopt envelope conformations with atoms C21 and C11 as the respective flap atoms, being situated out of the mean plane of each ring by 0.3084 (2) and 0.3341 (2) Å (Fig. 1). The puckering parameters are φ = 202.98 (2)° and θ = 58.16 (2)° for A, φ = −1.87 (9)° and θ = 107.81 (3)° for B, and φ =17.95 (6)° and θ = 62.30° for C. The benzene (C1–C6) and phenyl (C27–C32) rings form dihedral angles of 85.81 (2) and 88.90 (2)°, respectively, with the dihydropyridine mean plane. In the dihydropyridine ring, the lengths of the C14=C15 and C18=C19 double bonds are 1.356 (3) and 1.354 (3) Å, respectively. The C15—C14—C13 [119.70 (19)]° and C19—C18—C23 [121.0 (2)°] angles are almost the same. The ethyl group is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.572 (11) and 0.428 (11).

Figure 1
The molecular structure of the title compound, showing the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Only one component of the disordered ethyl group is shown.

3. Frontier molecular orbital analysis

The chemical reactivity of the title compound was studied by frontier molecular orbital analysis. For the calculation, the starting structural geometry was taken from the refined experimental structure obtained from X-ray diffraction data. The energy levels for the compound were computed using the DFT-B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) level of theory as implemented in Gaussian09W (Frisch et al., 2010 ). The calculated frontier molecular orbitals, HOMO-1, HOMO, LUMO and LUMO+1, are shown in Fig. 2. The energies of HOMO-1, HOMO, LUMO and LUMO+1 were calculated to be −5.8632, −5.5078, −1.8307 and −1.0100 eV, respectively, and the energy required to excite one electron from HOMO to LUMO and from HOMO-1 to LUMO+1 are 3.6671 and 4.8532 eV, respectively. The chemical potential, chemical hardness, chemical softness and electrophilicity index of the title molecule are listed in Table 1. Parr et al. (1999 ) have proposed the electrophilicity index as a quantitative measure of the energy lowering due to the maximal electron flow between donor and acceptor orbitals. The electrophilicity index value of 3.6714 eV shows the global electrophilic nature of the molecule. Based on the wide band gap and its chemical hardness value of 1.8335 eV, the title molecule seems to be hard.

Table 1
The global reactivity descriptors of the title compound

Frontier molecular orbitals	Energy
E_HOMO	−5.5078
E_LUMO	−1.8307
E_HOMO−1	−5.8632
E_LUMO+1	−1.0100
(E_HOMO and E_LUMO) gap	3.6671
(E_HOMO−1 and E_LUMO+1) gap	4.8532
Chemical potential (μ)	3.6692
Chemical hardness (η)	1.8335
Chemical softness (S)	0.5454
Electrophilicity index (ω)	3.6714

Figure 2
The frontier molecular orbitals of the title compound, showing positive (red) and negative (green) regions.

4. Supramolecular features and Hirshfeld surface analysis

In the crystal, the molecules are linked via O1—H1⋯O3ⁱ hydrogen bonds, forming helical chains along the b-axis direction (Table 2). The chains are further connected by weak C26—H26B⋯O3ⁱⁱ hydrogen bonds, forming a sheet structure parallel to ( $[\overline{1}]$ 01) (Fig. 3).

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
O1—H1⋯O3ⁱ	0.85 (3)	2.23 (4)	2.893 (2)	135 (3)
C26—H26B⋯O3ⁱⁱ	0.97	2.40	3.258 (3)	148
Symmetry codes: (i) $[-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, y-{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{5\over 2}}]$ ; (ii) $[x-{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z-{\script{1\over 2}}]$ .

Figure 3
A packing diagram of the title compound, showing the O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (dashed lines).

To quantify the intermolecular contacts in the crystal, Hirshfeld surfaces (Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ) and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were generated using Crystal Explorer 3.1 (Wolff et al., 2012 ). The Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over d_norm (Fig. 4) show the intermolecular contacts as red-coloured spots, which indicate the closer contacts of C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The 2D fingerprint plots are illustrated in Fig. 5. The H⋯H contacts comprise 65.2% of the total interactions. Besides these contacts, O⋯H/H⋯O (18.8%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (13.9%) interactions make a significant contribution to the total Hirshfeld surface. The percentage contributions of the C⋯N/N⋯C, C⋯O/O⋯C, N⋯H/H⋯N and C⋯C contacts are 0.1, 1.3, 0.4 and 0.2%, respectively.

Figure 4
Hirshfeld surfaces of the title compound mapped over d_norm.

Figure 5
Two-dimensional fingerprint plots for the title compound.

5. Database survey

The bond lengths in the title compound, are close to those reported for similar compounds, for example, 10-benzyl-9-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione (Sureshbabu & Sughanya, 2015 ) and 10-benzyl-9-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione (Sughanya & Sureshbabu, 2012 ).

6. Synthesis and crystallization

A mixture of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.498 g, 3 mmol), 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (0.84 g, 6 mmol) and benzylamine (0.33 g, 3 mmol) was dissolved in 30 ml of acetic acid. The solution was refluxed for 6 h with the reaction being monitored by TLC. When the reaction was complete, the reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water and stirred well. The formed precipitate was filtered and dried. Yellowsingle crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from an ethanol solution at room temperature. (m.p. 471 K, 1.30 g, 2.6 mmol, yield 86%). IR (KBr): cm⁻¹ 3427, 2958, 1634, 1559, 1513, 1430, 1376, 1275, 1240, 1202, 1120, 1041, 966. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 0.89 (s, 6H), 0.99 (s, 6H), 1.39 (t, 3H), 2.20 (s, 4H), 2.39 (dd, 4H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 6.55 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, 2H), 7.41–7.34 (m, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 14.89, 28.07&28.63, 40.27, 50.06, 64.29, 112.79–150.22, 195.77.

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. C-bound H atoms were fixed in calculated positions (C—H = 0.93–0.98 Å) and allowed to ride with respect to the parent atoms with U_iso(H) = 1.2 or 1.5U_eq(C). The O-bound H atom was refined freely. For the disordered ethyl group, bond distance and displacement restraints (DFIX, SADI and SIMU) were applied.

Table 3
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₃₂H₃₇NO₄
M_r	499.62
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/n
Temperature (K)	296
a, b, c (Å)	10.5780 (2), 18.4190 (5), 14.3980 (3)
β (°)	108.791 (1)
V (Å³)	2655.73 (10)
Z	4
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.08
Crystal size (mm)	0.35 × 0.30 × 0.30

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker Kappa APEXII
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2004 )
T_min, T_max	0.674, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	23101, 4681, 3374
R_int	0.034
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.595

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.049, 0.139, 1.02
No. of reflections	4681
No. of parameters	364
No. of restraints	39
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.37, −0.24
Computer programs: APEX3, SAINT and XPREP (Bruker, 2004), SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1993 ), SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015 ), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020 ).

Supporting information

CCDC reference: 924670

Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020004065/is5533sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020004065/is5533Isup2.hkl

RES file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020004065/is5533sup3.txt

Figure 1S. Hirshfeld surfaces of the title compound, mapped over de, di, shape index and curvedness. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020004065/is5533sup4.pdf

checkCIF report

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX3 (Bruker, 2004); cell refinement: APEX3 and SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT and XPREP (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1993); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015).

10-Benzyl-9-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione top

Crystal data top

C₃₂H₃₇NO₄	F(000) = 1072
M_r = 499.62	D_x = 1.250 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/n	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 10.5780 (2) Å	Cell parameters from 5176 reflections
b = 18.4190 (5) Å	θ = 2.1–23.3°
c = 14.3980 (3) Å	µ = 0.08 mm⁻¹
β = 108.791 (1)°	T = 296 K
V = 2655.73 (10) Å³	Block, yellow
Z = 4	0.35 × 0.30 × 0.30 mm

Data collection top

Bruker Kappa APEXII diffractometer	4681 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	3374 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.034
ω and φ scan	θ_max = 25.0°, θ_min = 1.9°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2004)	h = −12→12
T_min = 0.674, T_max = 0.746	k = −21→21
23101 measured reflections	l = −17→17

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Hydrogen site location: mixed
Least-squares matrix: full	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.049	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0564P)² + 1.304P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
wR(F²) = 0.139	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.003
S = 1.02	Δρ_max = 0.37 e Å⁻³
4681 reflections	Δρ_min = −0.24 e Å⁻³
364 parameters	Extinction correction: SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015), Fc^*=kFc[1+0.001xFc²λ³/sin(2θ)]^-1/4
39 restraints	Extinction coefficient: 0.0066 (9)

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq	Occ. (<1)
C1	0.7372 (2)	0.07235 (11)	1.19469 (15)	0.0471 (5)
C2	0.7273 (2)	0.10618 (12)	1.10816 (15)	0.0488 (5)
H2	0.777437	0.089182	1.070203	0.059*
C3	0.6443 (2)	0.16503 (12)	1.07625 (15)	0.0461 (5)
H3	0.640119	0.187332	1.017378	0.055*
C4	0.5675 (2)	0.19150 (11)	1.12980 (14)	0.0407 (5)
C5	0.5779 (2)	0.15710 (12)	1.21800 (15)	0.0485 (5)
H5	0.527092	0.173864	1.255627	0.058*
C6	0.6615 (2)	0.09894 (13)	1.25058 (15)	0.0525 (6)
C9	0.7670 (2)	0.33092 (16)	0.9497 (2)	0.0704 (7)
H9A	0.754428	0.297468	0.997122	0.106*
H9B	0.841043	0.362289	0.980882	0.106*
H9C	0.785001	0.304417	0.897943	0.106*
C10	0.6623 (3)	0.42747 (15)	0.8297 (2)	0.0741 (8)
H10A	0.676549	0.399414	0.777748	0.111*
H10B	0.738811	0.457558	0.859168	0.111*
H10C	0.584716	0.457489	0.803512	0.111*
C11	0.6411 (2)	0.37629 (12)	0.90727 (17)	0.0524 (6)
C12	0.6105 (3)	0.41915 (12)	0.98762 (19)	0.0604 (6)
H12A	0.687205	0.448978	1.021231	0.072*
H12B	0.535806	0.451328	0.957972	0.072*
C13	0.5775 (2)	0.37160 (11)	1.06128 (16)	0.0465 (5)
C14	0.5053 (2)	0.30484 (10)	1.02566 (15)	0.0416 (5)
C15	0.46639 (19)	0.28917 (10)	0.92851 (14)	0.0397 (5)
C16	0.5213 (2)	0.32806 (12)	0.85821 (16)	0.0492 (5)
H16A	0.451065	0.357700	0.814830	0.059*
H16B	0.547020	0.292318	0.818172	0.059*
C17	0.4695 (2)	0.25444 (11)	1.09529 (14)	0.0426 (5)
H17	0.468205	0.282359	1.152911	0.051*
C18	0.3300 (2)	0.22705 (11)	1.04337 (15)	0.0432 (5)
C19	0.29089 (19)	0.21317 (11)	0.94584 (15)	0.0399 (5)
C20	0.1604 (2)	0.17691 (12)	0.89287 (16)	0.0473 (5)
H20A	0.176648	0.138375	0.852218	0.057*
H20B	0.102079	0.212117	0.849634	0.057*
C21	0.0881 (2)	0.14485 (12)	0.95949 (17)	0.0509 (5)
C22	0.0967 (2)	0.19754 (14)	1.04238 (19)	0.0624 (7)
H22A	0.047079	0.241160	1.015377	0.075*
H22B	0.055315	0.175713	1.086706	0.075*
C23	0.2381 (2)	0.21791 (13)	1.09917 (18)	0.0548 (6)
C26	0.3491 (2)	0.20767 (12)	0.79067 (14)	0.0455 (5)
H26A	0.357805	0.246910	0.748202	0.055*
H26B	0.259352	0.188286	0.764455	0.055*
C27	0.4480 (2)	0.14911 (12)	0.79111 (14)	0.0457 (5)
C28	0.5291 (3)	0.15385 (17)	0.73326 (18)	0.0697 (7)
H28	0.522216	0.193597	0.692092	0.084*
C29	0.6213 (3)	0.0992 (2)	0.7363 (2)	0.0898 (10)
H29	0.676908	0.102922	0.697950	0.108*
C30	0.6304 (3)	0.0403 (2)	0.7953 (2)	0.0856 (9)
H30	0.691243	0.003581	0.796294	0.103*
C31	0.5509 (3)	0.03490 (15)	0.8525 (2)	0.0720 (7)
H31	0.557448	−0.005257	0.892928	0.086*
C32	0.4609 (2)	0.08898 (13)	0.85044 (18)	0.0568 (6)
H32	0.407100	0.084969	0.890121	0.068*
N1	0.37004 (16)	0.23636 (9)	0.89039 (11)	0.0398 (4)
O1	0.82089 (18)	0.01441 (9)	1.22322 (14)	0.0647 (5)
O3	0.60779 (17)	0.39009 (9)	1.14761 (12)	0.0612 (5)
O4	0.27281 (18)	0.22766 (12)	1.18772 (13)	0.0788 (6)
O2	0.6794 (2)	0.06291 (12)	1.33650 (13)	0.0898 (7)
C7	0.5937 (8)	0.0989 (5)	1.3972 (5)	0.079 (2)	0.572 (11)
H7A	0.611903	0.150541	1.405357	0.095*	0.572 (11)
H7B	0.499043	0.092146	1.363367	0.095*	0.572 (11)
C8	0.6318 (9)	0.0638 (6)	1.4895 (5)	0.131 (4)	0.572 (11)
H8A	0.580043	0.082713	1.527912	0.197*	0.572 (11)
H8B	0.724873	0.072391	1.523026	0.197*	0.572 (11)
H8C	0.616247	0.012594	1.480136	0.197*	0.572 (11)
C7'	0.5829 (9)	0.0565 (6)	1.3908 (6)	0.082 (3)	0.428 (11)
H7'1	0.493748	0.073595	1.354927	0.099*	0.428 (11)
H7'2	0.580760	0.009096	1.419461	0.099*	0.428 (11)
C8'	0.6622 (12)	0.1071 (5)	1.4551 (10)	0.142 (6)	0.428 (11)
H8'1	0.621787	0.119635	1.503820	0.213*	0.428 (11)
H8'2	0.670497	0.149885	1.419379	0.213*	0.428 (11)
H8'3	0.749065	0.086785	1.486481	0.213*	0.428 (11)
C24	0.1545 (3)	0.07364 (14)	1.0030 (2)	0.0769 (8)
H24A	0.247265	0.082123	1.037911	0.115*
H24B	0.146600	0.039373	0.951142	0.115*
H24C	0.111638	0.054559	1.047206	0.115*
C25	−0.0558 (3)	0.13003 (19)	0.8986 (2)	0.0835 (9)
H25A	−0.102569	0.109844	0.939704	0.125*
H25B	−0.058132	0.096260	0.847274	0.125*
H25C	−0.097909	0.174597	0.870218	0.125*
H1	0.814 (3)	−0.0069 (19)	1.274 (2)	0.107 (12)*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
C1	0.0481 (12)	0.0434 (12)	0.0435 (12)	−0.0042 (10)	0.0057 (10)	0.0027 (9)
C2	0.0544 (13)	0.0500 (13)	0.0443 (12)	0.0038 (10)	0.0191 (10)	0.0019 (10)
C3	0.0534 (13)	0.0499 (12)	0.0357 (11)	0.0010 (10)	0.0152 (10)	0.0048 (9)
C4	0.0436 (11)	0.0414 (11)	0.0349 (10)	−0.0094 (9)	0.0095 (9)	−0.0062 (8)
C5	0.0573 (13)	0.0536 (13)	0.0368 (11)	−0.0063 (11)	0.0182 (10)	−0.0047 (10)
C6	0.0629 (14)	0.0573 (14)	0.0346 (11)	−0.0069 (11)	0.0117 (10)	0.0063 (10)
C9	0.0469 (14)	0.0768 (18)	0.0881 (19)	0.0009 (13)	0.0225 (13)	0.0029 (15)
C10	0.0785 (18)	0.0664 (17)	0.0857 (19)	−0.0175 (14)	0.0380 (16)	0.0090 (14)
C11	0.0513 (13)	0.0459 (12)	0.0629 (14)	−0.0066 (10)	0.0225 (11)	0.0020 (11)
C12	0.0676 (16)	0.0403 (12)	0.0767 (16)	−0.0118 (11)	0.0279 (13)	−0.0050 (11)
C13	0.0421 (12)	0.0409 (11)	0.0535 (13)	0.0006 (9)	0.0112 (10)	−0.0068 (10)
C14	0.0402 (11)	0.0378 (11)	0.0467 (12)	0.0005 (9)	0.0140 (9)	−0.0024 (9)
C15	0.0364 (10)	0.0361 (10)	0.0446 (11)	0.0019 (8)	0.0103 (9)	0.0011 (9)
C16	0.0499 (13)	0.0480 (12)	0.0483 (12)	−0.0032 (10)	0.0140 (10)	0.0068 (10)
C17	0.0466 (12)	0.0435 (11)	0.0382 (11)	−0.0045 (9)	0.0143 (9)	−0.0085 (9)
C18	0.0434 (11)	0.0431 (12)	0.0443 (12)	−0.0004 (9)	0.0155 (9)	−0.0025 (9)
C19	0.0362 (11)	0.0382 (11)	0.0456 (11)	0.0011 (8)	0.0135 (9)	0.0010 (9)
C20	0.0399 (11)	0.0487 (12)	0.0500 (12)	−0.0035 (10)	0.0097 (10)	0.0016 (10)
C21	0.0437 (12)	0.0470 (12)	0.0629 (14)	−0.0055 (10)	0.0184 (11)	0.0014 (11)
C22	0.0540 (14)	0.0650 (16)	0.0768 (17)	−0.0006 (12)	0.0329 (13)	0.0002 (13)
C23	0.0576 (14)	0.0559 (14)	0.0565 (14)	−0.0013 (11)	0.0263 (12)	−0.0049 (11)
C26	0.0463 (12)	0.0533 (13)	0.0338 (10)	−0.0077 (10)	0.0085 (9)	0.0000 (9)
C27	0.0403 (11)	0.0582 (13)	0.0357 (11)	−0.0093 (10)	0.0084 (9)	−0.0125 (10)
C28	0.0666 (16)	0.096 (2)	0.0527 (14)	−0.0061 (15)	0.0276 (13)	−0.0071 (14)
C29	0.0633 (18)	0.141 (3)	0.073 (2)	0.006 (2)	0.0337 (16)	−0.026 (2)
C30	0.0634 (18)	0.103 (2)	0.083 (2)	0.0173 (17)	0.0123 (16)	−0.0294 (19)
C31	0.0641 (16)	0.0656 (17)	0.0790 (19)	0.0055 (13)	0.0127 (15)	−0.0123 (14)
C32	0.0535 (14)	0.0560 (14)	0.0615 (15)	−0.0020 (11)	0.0191 (12)	−0.0089 (12)
N1	0.0391 (9)	0.0421 (9)	0.0372 (9)	−0.0040 (7)	0.0108 (7)	−0.0021 (7)
O1	0.0711 (11)	0.0564 (10)	0.0623 (11)	0.0109 (9)	0.0154 (9)	0.0187 (9)
O3	0.0687 (11)	0.0526 (10)	0.0549 (10)	−0.0101 (8)	0.0097 (8)	−0.0138 (8)
O4	0.0754 (12)	0.1155 (16)	0.0554 (11)	−0.0146 (11)	0.0348 (9)	−0.0161 (10)
O2	0.1117 (16)	0.1106 (16)	0.0534 (11)	0.0161 (13)	0.0353 (11)	0.0358 (11)
C7	0.091 (5)	0.082 (5)	0.070 (4)	0.018 (5)	0.036 (3)	0.029 (4)
C8	0.182 (7)	0.154 (8)	0.090 (5)	0.087 (6)	0.091 (5)	0.041 (4)
C7'	0.084 (5)	0.059 (5)	0.084 (6)	−0.018 (4)	−0.002 (4)	0.027 (5)
C8'	0.138 (9)	0.073 (6)	0.136 (9)	−0.032 (6)	−0.066 (7)	0.034 (6)
C24	0.091 (2)	0.0520 (15)	0.090 (2)	−0.0023 (14)	0.0310 (17)	0.0113 (14)
C25	0.0545 (16)	0.103 (2)	0.091 (2)	−0.0266 (15)	0.0210 (15)	−0.0013 (18)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

C1—O1	1.363 (3)	C21—C22	1.518 (3)
C1—C2	1.367 (3)	C21—C24	1.524 (3)
C1—C6	1.394 (3)	C22—C23	1.503 (3)
C2—C3	1.377 (3)	C22—H22A	0.9700
C2—H2	0.9300	C22—H22B	0.9700
C3—C4	1.377 (3)	C23—O4	1.221 (3)
C3—H3	0.9300	C26—N1	1.478 (2)
C4—C5	1.391 (3)	C26—C27	1.501 (3)
C4—C17	1.527 (3)	C26—H26A	0.9700
C5—C6	1.372 (3)	C26—H26B	0.9700
C5—H5	0.9300	C27—C28	1.377 (3)
C6—O2	1.362 (3)	C27—C32	1.378 (3)
C9—C11	1.524 (3)	C28—C29	1.393 (4)
C9—H9A	0.9600	C28—H28	0.9300
C9—H9B	0.9600	C29—C30	1.362 (5)
C9—H9C	0.9600	C29—H29	0.9300
C10—C11	1.532 (3)	C30—C31	1.357 (4)
C10—H10A	0.9600	C30—H30	0.9300
C10—H10B	0.9600	C31—C32	1.372 (3)
C10—H10C	0.9600	C31—H31	0.9300
C11—C12	1.519 (3)	C32—H32	0.9300
C11—C16	1.522 (3)	O1—H1	0.85 (3)
C12—C13	1.501 (3)	O2—C7'	1.476 (9)
C12—H12A	0.9700	O2—C7	1.592 (6)
C12—H12B	0.9700	C7—C8	1.414 (10)
C13—O3	1.228 (3)	C7—H7A	0.9700
C13—C14	1.451 (3)	C7—H7B	0.9700
C14—C15	1.356 (3)	C8—H8A	0.9600
C14—C17	1.502 (3)	C8—H8B	0.9600
C15—N1	1.388 (2)	C8—H8C	0.9600
C15—C16	1.501 (3)	C7'—C8'	1.389 (12)
C16—H16A	0.9700	C7'—H7'1	0.9700
C16—H16B	0.9700	C7'—H7'2	0.9700
C17—C18	1.510 (3)	C8'—H8'1	0.9600
C17—H17	0.9800	C8'—H8'2	0.9600
C18—C19	1.354 (3)	C8'—H8'3	0.9600
C18—C23	1.456 (3)	C24—H24A	0.9600
C19—N1	1.397 (2)	C24—H24B	0.9600
C19—C20	1.502 (3)	C24—H24C	0.9600
C20—C21	1.525 (3)	C25—H25A	0.9600
C20—H20A	0.9700	C25—H25B	0.9600
C20—H20B	0.9700	C25—H25C	0.9600
C21—C25	1.517 (3)

O1—C1—C2	118.9 (2)	C25—C21—C20	108.6 (2)
O1—C1—C6	122.6 (2)	C22—C21—C20	109.37 (18)
C2—C1—C6	118.5 (2)	C24—C21—C20	109.46 (19)
C1—C2—C3	121.1 (2)	C23—C22—C21	112.62 (19)
C1—C2—H2	119.5	C23—C22—H22A	109.1
C3—C2—H2	119.5	C21—C22—H22A	109.1
C2—C3—C4	121.29 (19)	C23—C22—H22B	109.1
C2—C3—H3	119.4	C21—C22—H22B	109.1
C4—C3—H3	119.4	H22A—C22—H22B	107.8
C3—C4—C5	117.5 (2)	O4—C23—C18	122.0 (2)
C3—C4—C17	123.20 (18)	O4—C23—C22	121.1 (2)
C5—C4—C17	119.22 (18)	C18—C23—C22	116.9 (2)
C6—C5—C4	121.3 (2)	N1—C26—C27	111.52 (16)
C6—C5—H5	119.3	N1—C26—H26A	109.3
C4—C5—H5	119.3	C27—C26—H26A	109.3
O2—C6—C5	125.2 (2)	N1—C26—H26B	109.3
O2—C6—C1	114.6 (2)	C27—C26—H26B	109.3
C5—C6—C1	120.26 (19)	H26A—C26—H26B	108.0
C11—C9—H9A	109.5	C28—C27—C32	118.0 (2)
C11—C9—H9B	109.5	C28—C27—C26	121.4 (2)
H9A—C9—H9B	109.5	C32—C27—C26	120.63 (19)
C11—C9—H9C	109.5	C27—C28—C29	120.1 (3)
H9A—C9—H9C	109.5	C27—C28—H28	120.0
H9B—C9—H9C	109.5	C29—C28—H28	120.0
C11—C10—H10A	109.5	C30—C29—C28	120.2 (3)
C11—C10—H10B	109.5	C30—C29—H29	119.9
H10A—C10—H10B	109.5	C28—C29—H29	119.9
C11—C10—H10C	109.5	C31—C30—C29	120.2 (3)
H10A—C10—H10C	109.5	C31—C30—H30	119.9
H10B—C10—H10C	109.5	C29—C30—H30	119.9
C12—C11—C16	107.89 (18)	C30—C31—C32	119.7 (3)
C12—C11—C9	110.6 (2)	C30—C31—H31	120.1
C16—C11—C9	110.84 (19)	C32—C31—H31	120.1
C12—C11—C10	110.6 (2)	C31—C32—C27	121.7 (2)
C16—C11—C10	108.4 (2)	C31—C32—H32	119.1
C9—C11—C10	108.4 (2)	C27—C32—H32	119.1
C13—C12—C11	112.95 (18)	C15—N1—C19	119.16 (16)
C13—C12—H12A	109.0	C15—N1—C26	119.72 (16)
C11—C12—H12A	109.0	C19—N1—C26	121.07 (16)
C13—C12—H12B	109.0	C1—O1—H1	113 (2)
C11—C12—H12B	109.0	C6—O2—C7'	127.0 (4)
H12A—C12—H12B	107.8	C6—O2—C7	111.0 (3)
O3—C13—C14	121.9 (2)	C8—C7—O2	106.6 (5)
O3—C13—C12	120.6 (2)	C8—C7—H7A	110.4
C14—C13—C12	117.41 (19)	O2—C7—H7A	110.4
C15—C14—C13	119.70 (19)	C8—C7—H7B	110.4
C15—C14—C17	119.93 (18)	O2—C7—H7B	110.4
C13—C14—C17	120.33 (18)	H7A—C7—H7B	108.6
C14—C15—N1	119.84 (18)	C7—C8—H8A	109.5
C14—C15—C16	122.63 (18)	C7—C8—H8B	109.5
N1—C15—C16	117.52 (17)	H8A—C8—H8B	109.5
C15—C16—C11	114.24 (18)	C7—C8—H8C	109.5
C15—C16—H16A	108.7	H8A—C8—H8C	109.5
C11—C16—H16A	108.7	H8B—C8—H8C	109.5
C15—C16—H16B	108.7	C8'—C7'—O2	85.9 (9)
C11—C16—H16B	108.7	C8'—C7'—H7'1	114.3
H16A—C16—H16B	107.6	O2—C7'—H7'1	114.3
C14—C17—C18	107.01 (16)	C8'—C7'—H7'2	114.3
C14—C17—C4	113.31 (16)	O2—C7'—H7'2	114.3
C18—C17—C4	111.10 (16)	H7'1—C7'—H7'2	111.5
C14—C17—H17	108.4	C7'—C8'—H8'1	109.5
C18—C17—H17	108.4	C7'—C8'—H8'2	109.5
C4—C17—H17	108.4	H8'1—C8'—H8'2	109.5
C19—C18—C23	121.0 (2)	C7'—C8'—H8'3	109.5
C19—C18—C17	119.97 (18)	H8'1—C8'—H8'3	109.5
C23—C18—C17	119.00 (18)	H8'2—C8'—H8'3	109.5
C18—C19—N1	119.73 (18)	C21—C24—H24A	109.5
C18—C19—C20	122.28 (18)	C21—C24—H24B	109.5
N1—C19—C20	117.90 (17)	H24A—C24—H24B	109.5
C19—C20—C21	114.70 (18)	C21—C24—H24C	109.5
C19—C20—H20A	108.6	H24A—C24—H24C	109.5
C21—C20—H20A	108.6	H24B—C24—H24C	109.5
C19—C20—H20B	108.6	C21—C25—H25A	109.5
C21—C20—H20B	108.6	C21—C25—H25B	109.5
H20A—C20—H20B	107.6	H25A—C25—H25B	109.5
C25—C21—C22	111.4 (2)	C21—C25—H25C	109.5
C25—C21—C24	109.1 (2)	H25A—C25—H25C	109.5
C22—C21—C24	108.9 (2)	H25B—C25—H25C	109.5

O1—C1—C2—C3	−179.9 (2)	C17—C18—C19—N1	−11.6 (3)
C6—C1—C2—C3	−0.3 (3)	C23—C18—C19—C20	−9.8 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C4	−0.6 (3)	C17—C18—C19—C20	171.90 (18)
C2—C3—C4—C5	0.7 (3)	C18—C19—C20—C21	−10.6 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C17	−177.22 (19)	N1—C19—C20—C21	172.77 (18)
C3—C4—C5—C6	0.0 (3)	C19—C20—C21—C25	164.0 (2)
C17—C4—C5—C6	178.02 (19)	C19—C20—C21—C22	42.2 (3)
C4—C5—C6—O2	178.9 (2)	C19—C20—C21—C24	−77.1 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C1	−0.9 (3)	C25—C21—C22—C23	−175.4 (2)
O1—C1—C6—O2	0.8 (3)	C24—C21—C22—C23	64.2 (3)
C2—C1—C6—O2	−178.8 (2)	C20—C21—C22—C23	−55.4 (3)
O1—C1—C6—C5	−179.5 (2)	C19—C18—C23—O4	177.4 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C5	1.0 (3)	C17—C18—C23—O4	−4.3 (3)
C16—C11—C12—C13	56.7 (3)	C19—C18—C23—C22	−4.1 (3)
C9—C11—C12—C13	−64.7 (3)	C17—C18—C23—C22	174.2 (2)
C10—C11—C12—C13	175.2 (2)	C21—C22—C23—O4	−143.8 (2)
C11—C12—C13—O3	147.3 (2)	C21—C22—C23—C18	37.6 (3)
C11—C12—C13—C14	−34.7 (3)	N1—C26—C27—C28	−124.2 (2)
O3—C13—C14—C15	175.6 (2)	N1—C26—C27—C32	55.3 (3)
C12—C13—C14—C15	−2.4 (3)	C32—C27—C28—C29	−0.5 (4)
O3—C13—C14—C17	−2.3 (3)	C26—C27—C28—C29	179.0 (2)
C12—C13—C14—C17	179.70 (19)	C27—C28—C29—C30	1.0 (4)
C13—C14—C15—N1	−163.65 (18)	C28—C29—C30—C31	−0.9 (5)
C17—C14—C15—N1	14.2 (3)	C29—C30—C31—C32	0.3 (4)
C13—C14—C15—C16	14.9 (3)	C30—C31—C32—C27	0.3 (4)
C17—C14—C15—C16	−167.17 (18)	C28—C27—C32—C31	−0.2 (3)
C14—C15—C16—C11	10.5 (3)	C26—C27—C32—C31	−179.7 (2)
N1—C15—C16—C11	−170.87 (18)	C14—C15—N1—C19	16.0 (3)
C12—C11—C16—C15	−44.9 (2)	C16—C15—N1—C19	−162.68 (18)
C9—C11—C16—C15	76.4 (2)	C14—C15—N1—C26	−166.38 (18)
C10—C11—C16—C15	−164.7 (2)	C16—C15—N1—C26	15.0 (3)
C15—C14—C17—C18	−38.2 (2)	C18—C19—N1—C15	−17.3 (3)
C13—C14—C17—C18	139.68 (18)	C20—C19—N1—C15	159.41 (18)
C15—C14—C17—C4	84.6 (2)	C18—C19—N1—C26	165.12 (18)
C13—C14—C17—C4	−97.5 (2)	C20—C19—N1—C26	−18.2 (3)
C3—C4—C17—C14	−25.6 (3)	C27—C26—N1—C15	82.8 (2)
C5—C4—C17—C14	156.47 (18)	C27—C26—N1—C19	−99.7 (2)
C3—C4—C17—C18	94.9 (2)	C5—C6—O2—C7'	26.6 (6)
C5—C4—C17—C18	−83.0 (2)	C1—C6—O2—C7'	−153.6 (5)
C14—C17—C18—C19	36.8 (2)	C5—C6—O2—C7	−2.0 (5)
C4—C17—C18—C19	−87.4 (2)	C1—C6—O2—C7	177.7 (4)
C14—C17—C18—C23	−141.50 (19)	C6—O2—C7—C8	−172.7 (8)
C4—C17—C18—C23	94.3 (2)	C6—O2—C7'—C8'	−104.5 (6)
C23—C18—C19—N1	166.72 (19)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O1—H1···O3ⁱ	0.85 (3)	2.23 (4)	2.893 (2)	135 (3)
C26—H26B···O3ⁱⁱ	0.97	2.40	3.258 (3)	148

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3/2, y−1/2, −z+5/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+1/2, z−1/2.

The global reactivity descriptors of the title compound top

Frontier molecular orbitals	Energy
E_HOMO	-5.5078
E_LUMO	-1.8307
E_HOMO-1	-5.8632
E_LUMO+1	-1.0100
(E_HOMO and E_LUMO) gap	3.6671
(E_HOMO-1 and E_LUMO+1) gap	4.8532
Chemical potential (µ)	3.6692
Chemical hardness (η)	1.8335
Chemical softness (S)	0.5454
Electrophilicity index (ω)	3.6714

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr Babu Varghese, Dr R. Jagan, Dr Sudhadevi Antharjanam and the SAIF, IIT Madras, for the data collection.

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