research communications
Synthesis, and thermal properties of diaquabis(4-methylpyridine-κN)bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)
aInstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Kiel, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]
The reaction of Co(NCS)2 and 4-methylpyridine (C6H7N) in water leads to the formation of light-blue single crystals of the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C6H7N)2(H2O)2]. The asymmetric unit consists of one CoII cation (site symmetry 1) as well as one thiocyanate anion, one 4-methylpyridine coligand and one water molecule in general positions to generate trans-CoN4O2 octahedra. In the crystal, the complexes are linked by O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into a layered network. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) shows that a pure sample has been obtained. Upon heating, the title compound loses its water molecules and transforms into Co(NCS)2(C6H7N)2, which is already reported in the literature.
CCDC reference: 2444751
1. Chemical context
The synthesis of new coordination compounds is still an important field in inorganic chemistry. In most cases, they are prepared in solution but there are synthetic alternatives such as molecular milling (Braga et al., 2005
, 2006
; James et al., 2012
; Do & Friščić, 2017
; Stolar et al., 2017
) or reactions in melts (Müller-Buschbaum, 2005
; Höller & Müller-Buschbaum, 2008
; Zurawski et al., 2012
). We have also developed a new route, which is based on thermal ligand removal, that in the beginning was used for the preparation of new transition-metal halide compounds (Näther et al., 2001
, 2002
). Later, this method was used for the synthesis of transition-metal thio- and selenocyanate coordination compounds, which were of interest not only because of their versatile structural behavior but also because of their promising magnetic properties. Following this route, discrete complexes with the composition M(NCS)2(L)4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and L = neutral N-donor coligand) are heated in a thermobalance, which mostly leads to a stepwise removal of the coligands and the transformation into new compounds with the composition M(NCS)2(L)2, in which the metal cations are linked into chains or layers (Werner et al., 2015
; Neumann et al., 2018
; Jochim et al., 2020a
). In this context, Co(NCS)2 compounds with chain structures are of special interest, because they can show one-dimensional or three-dimensional ferromagnetic ordering (Mautner et al., 2018
; Rams et al., 2017
, 2020
; Jochim et al., 2020b
).
However, in some cases the thermogravimetric curves are not well resolved and the isolation of a pure intermediate phase is difficult or even impossible to achieve. In such cases, the usage of precursors, consisting of simple solvato complexes with the composition M(NCS)2(L1)2(L2)2 (L1 = monocoordinating neutral N-donor coligand, L2 = e.g., H2O, MeOH, EtOH, MeCN) is of advantage. If they are heated, the solvent is lost in the beginning in a well-resolved step and the desired intermediate phase is obtained pure (Näther et al., 2013
). In this context, we have reported on two isomers of Co(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2 in which the metal cations are octahedrally coordinated and linked by pairs of thiocyanate anions into chains (Böhme et al., 2020
). In the triclinic isomer, an all-trans configuration is observed, leading to the formation of linear chains, whereas in the monoclinic isomer an alternating all-trans and cis–cis–trans configurations are observed, which results in the formation of corrugated chains. The monoclinic form is obtained from solution, whereas the triclinic form can be obtained by thermal decomposition of the Co(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2(H2O)2. Solvent-mediated conversion experiments reveal that the monoclinic form with corrugated chains is thermodynamically stable at room-temperature.
In a continuation of this work, we reported the synthesis and of the analogous compound Co(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)2 in which the chlorine atom is replaced by a methyl group (Näther & Boeckmann, 2025
). Based on the chloro–methyl exchange rule (Desiraju & Sarma, 1986
), we expected the formation of a similar crystal structure that might be isotypic to one of the two forms of Co(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2. A single-crystal structure determination of the 4-methylpyridine compound proved that it is isotypic to the monoclinic form of Co(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2 that consists of corrugated chains. Based on the results obtained for the 4-chloropyridine ligands, it was of interest if an isomer with linear chains can be prepared by thermal decomposition of a suitable precursor with the composition Co(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2(H2O)2, which is not reported in the literature.
2. Structural commentary
The of the title compound, Co(NCS)2(C6H7N)2(H2O)2 (C6H7N = 4-methylpyridine) is built up of one cobalt cation located on a crystallographic inversion centre as well as one thiocyanate anion, one 4-methylpyridine ligand and one water molecule that occupy general positions (Fig. 1
). The Co cation is therefore sixfold coordinated in a trans-CoN4O2 geometry by two terminal N-bonded thiocyanate anions, two 4-methylpyridine ligands and two water molecules (Fig. 1
). The bonding angles around the Co centers deviate from the ideal values, which means that the octahedra are slightly distorted (Table 1
).
|
| Figure 1 The molecular structure of the title compound with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. Symmetry code: (i) −x + 1, −y, −z. |
It is noted that the title compound is isotypic to Fe(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)2(H2O)2 (Cambridge Structural Database refcode VUCCEE; Neumann et al., 2020a
) and Mn(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)2(H2O)2 (VUJYAD; Neumann et al., 2020b
) reported in the literature. That the chloro-methyl-exchange is also valid for these compounds is shown by the fact that the title compound is also isotypic to Ni(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2(H2O)2 (GIQQEF; Jochim et al., 2018
) and Co(NCS)2(4-chloropyridine)2(H2O)2 (UHUVEB; Böhme et al., 2020
).
3. Supramolecular features
In the extended structure of the title compound, the complexes are linked by O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into layers that lie parallel to the bc-plane (Fig. 2
). The O—H⋯S bond angles are close to linear, which indicates that these are relatively strong interactions (Table 2
). Between the layers, no pronounced directional interactions are observed (Fig. 3
).
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Figure 2 Crystal structure of the title compound in a view along the a-axis direction. O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. |
| Figure 3 Crystal structure of the title compound in a view along the c-axis direction. O—H⋯S hydrogen bonding is shown as dashed lines. |
4. Thermal properties
Comparison of the experimental powder pattern of the residue obtained in the synthesis with that calculated for the title compound shows that a pure crystalline phase has been obtained (Fig. 4
).
| Figure 4 Experimental (top) and calculated (bottom) PXRD patterns for the title compound. |
The thermal properties of the title compound were investigated by differential thermoanalysis coupled to thermogravimetry (DTA–TG). Upon heating, one mass loss is observed in the TG curve accompanied with an endothermic event in the DTA curve at 88°C (Fig. 5
). On further heating, the sample mass decreases continuously with a further poorly resolved mas-losss step, which is apparent in the DTG curve and which is accompanied with a second endothermic event in the DTA curve. The experimental mass loss in the first step of 9.2% is in good agreement with that calculated for the removal of the two water molecules (9.1%). Comparison of the experimental powder pattern of the residue obtained after the first mass loss shows that the monoclinic form with linear chains of Co(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)2 (Näther & Boeckmann, 2025
) has formed, which can also be obtained from solution (Fig. 6
). This is in contrast to the observations made for the corresponding 4-chloropyridine compound (see Chemical context) and indicates that with 4-methylpyridine only one isomer might be accessible.
| Figure 5 DTG, TG and DTA curves for the title compound. The mass loss is given in % and the peak temperature in °C. |
| Figure 6 Experimental PXRD pattern of the residue obtained after the first mass loss in a TG measurement of the title compound (top) and the powder pattern for Co(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)2 calculated from single-crystal data (bottom, Näther & Boeckmann, 2025 |
5. Database survey
According to a search in the CSD (version 5.43, last update December 2024; Groom et al., 2016
) using CONQUEST (Bruno et al., 2002
), some compounds containing Co(NCS)2 and 4-methylpyridine have already been reported in the literature. These include a discrete complex with the composition CoNCS(4-methylpyridine)3 with p-xylene solvate molecules (QQQGKJ; Solaculu et al., 1974
), but because no atomic coordinates are given and no charge balance is achieved, the existence of this compound is questionable. There is also a compound with the composition Co(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)2-bis(p-toluidine)2, which should consists of chains, but even for this structure no atomic coordinates are reported (Refcode: CECDAP; Micu-Semeniuc et al., 1983
).
All of the remaining hits describe discrete complexes with the composition Co(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)4, which forms clathrates with 4-methylpyridine (XIHHEB; Harris et al., 2001
and XIHHEB01; Harris et al., 2003
), nitrobenzene (ZZZUXU; Belitskus et al., 1963
), p-toluidine (CECCOC; Micu-Semeniuc et al., 1983
), nitroethane (ZZZUXY; Belitskus et al., 1963
) and benzene (ZZZUYI; Belitskus et al., 1963
). With one exception (XIHHEB), no atomic coordinates are presented for any of these compounds. The crystal structure of the complex Co(NCS)2(4-methylpyridine)4 is also found, but the unit-cell parameters are almost identical to that of several of the mentioned above, indicating that a potential solvent was not located (VERNUC; Harris et al., 2003
).
6. Synthesis and crystallization
Co(NCS)2 (350.2 mg, 2.06 mmol, Alfa Aesar) and 4-methylpyridine (100 µl, 1.03 mmol, Fluka) were stirred together in 3 ml of water at room temperature in a snap cap vial for 3 d. Single crystals were prepared by the same method in the absence of stirring.
Powder X-ray diffraction measurements were performed using a Stoe STADI P transmission powder diffractometer with Cu Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.540598 Å), a Johann-type Ge(111) monochromator and a MYTHEN 1K detector from Dectris. Thermogravimetry and differential thermoanalysis (TG–DTA) measurements were performed in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere in Al2O3 crucibles with a heating rate of 4°C min−1 using a STA-PT 1000 thermobalance from Linseis. The TG–DTA instrument was calibrated using standard reference materials.
7. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure details are summarized in Table 3
. The C-bound hydrogen atoms were positioned with idealized geometry (methyl H atoms allowed to rotate and not to tip) and were refined with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) (1.5 for methyl H atoms) using a riding model. The O-bound H atoms were located in a difference map and their positions and Uiso values were freely refined. The crystal chosen for data collection was twinned and therefore a twin using data in HKLF-5 format was used leading to a BASF factor of 0.173 (3) for the minor twin component.
|
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 2444751
contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989025003469/hb8129sup1.cif
Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989025003469/hb8129Isup2.hkl
| [Co(NCS)2(C6H7N)2(H2O)2] | F(000) = 410 |
| Mr = 397.37 | Dx = 1.428 Mg m−3 |
| Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
| a = 10.1901 (6) Å | Cell parameters from 5888 reflections |
| b = 12.2379 (10) Å | θ = 2.6–28.1° |
| c = 7.6165 (9) Å | µ = 1.17 mm−1 |
| β = 103.379 (10)° | T = 200 K |
| V = 924.04 (15) Å3 | Block, light blue |
| Z = 2 | 0.30 × 0.22 × 0.21 mm |
| Stoe IPDS-2 diffractometer | 1822 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| ω scans | θmax = 28.1°, θmin = 2.6° |
| Absorption correction: numerical (X-Shape and X-Red32; Stoe, 2008) | h = −13→13 |
| Tmin = 0.793, Tmax = 0.813 | k = −16→16 |
| 2179 measured reflections | l = 0→9 |
| 2179 independent reflections |
| Refinement on F2 | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
| Least-squares matrix: full | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1088P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
| wR(F2) = 0.143 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 1.23 e Å−3 |
| 2179 reflections | Δρmin = −0.56 e Å−3 |
| 117 parameters | Extinction correction: SHELXL2016/6 (Sheldrick 2015b), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
| 0 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 0.044 (9) |
| Primary atom site location: dual |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refined as a 2-component twin. |
| x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
| Co1 | 0.500000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.0221 (2) | |
| N1 | 0.5788 (3) | −0.0691 (2) | 0.2534 (4) | 0.0319 (6) | |
| C1 | 0.6496 (3) | −0.1080 (2) | 0.3783 (4) | 0.0227 (6) | |
| S1 | 0.75122 (7) | −0.16385 (6) | 0.55520 (11) | 0.0295 (2) | |
| O1 | 0.3604 (2) | 0.09689 (18) | 0.0952 (4) | 0.0357 (5) | |
| H1A | 0.351 (4) | 0.100 (3) | 0.218 (6) | 0.032 (10)* | |
| H1B | 0.333 (5) | 0.161 (4) | 0.032 (7) | 0.061 (14)* | |
| N11 | 0.6515 (2) | 0.12690 (18) | 0.0581 (4) | 0.0262 (5) | |
| C11 | 0.7790 (3) | 0.1036 (2) | 0.1405 (5) | 0.0327 (7) | |
| H11 | 0.803034 | 0.029241 | 0.164939 | 0.039* | |
| C12 | 0.8776 (3) | 0.1823 (3) | 0.1920 (5) | 0.0352 (7) | |
| H12 | 0.966985 | 0.161295 | 0.249329 | 0.042* | |
| C13 | 0.8462 (3) | 0.2924 (2) | 0.1600 (5) | 0.0326 (7) | |
| C14 | 0.7142 (3) | 0.3165 (2) | 0.0721 (5) | 0.0326 (7) | |
| H14 | 0.687692 | 0.390105 | 0.044934 | 0.039* | |
| C15 | 0.6213 (3) | 0.2326 (2) | 0.0241 (5) | 0.0294 (6) | |
| H15 | 0.531593 | 0.251015 | −0.036086 | 0.035* | |
| C16 | 0.9504 (4) | 0.3801 (3) | 0.2155 (7) | 0.0495 (10) | |
| H16A | 0.916053 | 0.449122 | 0.157288 | 0.074* | |
| H16B | 1.032996 | 0.359451 | 0.178640 | 0.074* | |
| H16C | 0.970268 | 0.389082 | 0.346878 | 0.074* |
| U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
| Co1 | 0.0262 (3) | 0.0165 (3) | 0.0219 (3) | 0.00175 (17) | 0.0019 (2) | 0.00247 (18) |
| N1 | 0.0395 (13) | 0.0261 (11) | 0.0262 (13) | −0.0018 (10) | −0.0002 (11) | 0.0060 (10) |
| C1 | 0.0284 (12) | 0.0190 (11) | 0.0211 (13) | −0.0054 (9) | 0.0068 (10) | −0.0017 (10) |
| S1 | 0.0286 (4) | 0.0301 (4) | 0.0255 (4) | −0.0001 (3) | −0.0025 (3) | 0.0029 (3) |
| O1 | 0.0472 (13) | 0.0261 (10) | 0.0374 (14) | 0.0112 (9) | 0.0171 (11) | 0.0031 (9) |
| N11 | 0.0259 (11) | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0314 (13) | 0.0022 (8) | 0.0024 (10) | 0.0020 (9) |
| C11 | 0.0273 (14) | 0.0238 (13) | 0.0430 (19) | 0.0030 (11) | −0.0001 (13) | 0.0049 (12) |
| C12 | 0.0247 (13) | 0.0330 (15) | 0.0435 (19) | 0.0000 (12) | −0.0011 (12) | 0.0037 (14) |
| C13 | 0.0332 (15) | 0.0275 (14) | 0.0400 (18) | −0.0062 (12) | 0.0140 (13) | −0.0024 (12) |
| C14 | 0.0343 (14) | 0.0200 (12) | 0.0437 (19) | −0.0007 (11) | 0.0094 (13) | 0.0022 (12) |
| C15 | 0.0252 (12) | 0.0221 (12) | 0.0399 (17) | 0.0035 (10) | 0.0055 (12) | 0.0049 (12) |
| C16 | 0.0386 (18) | 0.0418 (19) | 0.065 (3) | −0.0149 (15) | 0.0063 (17) | −0.0028 (18) |
| Co1—N1 | 2.090 (3) | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
| Co1—N1i | 2.090 (3) | C11—C12 | 1.381 (4) |
| Co1—O1i | 2.105 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
| Co1—O1 | 2.105 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.393 (4) |
| Co1—N11i | 2.162 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.387 (4) |
| Co1—N11 | 2.162 (2) | C13—C16 | 1.501 (4) |
| N1—C1 | 1.155 (4) | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
| C1—S1 | 1.646 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.387 (4) |
| O1—H1A | 0.96 (4) | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
| O1—H1B | 0.93 (5) | C16—H16A | 0.9800 |
| N11—C11 | 1.337 (4) | C16—H16B | 0.9800 |
| N11—C15 | 1.341 (3) | C16—H16C | 0.9800 |
| N1—Co1—N1i | 180.0 | C15—N11—Co1 | 122.18 (19) |
| N1i—Co1—O1 | 86.81 (10) | N11—C11—H11 | 118.3 |
| N1i—Co1—O1i | 93.19 (10) | N11—C11—C12 | 123.3 (3) |
| N1—Co1—O1 | 93.19 (10) | C12—C11—H11 | 118.3 |
| N1—Co1—O1i | 86.81 (10) | C11—C12—H12 | 119.9 |
| N1i—Co1—N11i | 89.88 (10) | C11—C12—C13 | 120.1 (3) |
| N1i—Co1—N11 | 90.12 (10) | C13—C12—H12 | 119.9 |
| N1—Co1—N11 | 89.88 (10) | C12—C13—C16 | 121.6 (3) |
| N1—Co1—N11i | 90.12 (10) | C14—C13—C12 | 116.6 (3) |
| O1—Co1—O1i | 180.0 | C14—C13—C16 | 121.9 (3) |
| O1—Co1—N11i | 88.16 (9) | C13—C14—H14 | 120.1 |
| O1i—Co1—N11 | 88.16 (9) | C15—C14—C13 | 119.8 (3) |
| O1—Co1—N11 | 91.84 (9) | C15—C14—H14 | 120.1 |
| O1i—Co1—N11i | 91.84 (9) | N11—C15—C14 | 123.4 (3) |
| N11i—Co1—N11 | 180.00 (9) | N11—C15—H15 | 118.3 |
| C1—N1—Co1 | 163.9 (3) | C14—C15—H15 | 118.3 |
| N1—C1—S1 | 179.5 (3) | C13—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
| Co1—O1—H1A | 126 (2) | C13—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
| Co1—O1—H1B | 116 (3) | C13—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
| H1A—O1—H1B | 113 (4) | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
| C11—N11—Co1 | 120.91 (18) | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
| C11—N11—C15 | 116.8 (2) | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
| Co1—N11—C11—C12 | −175.4 (3) | C11—C12—C13—C16 | 179.5 (4) |
| Co1—N11—C15—C14 | 175.0 (3) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 1.1 (5) |
| N11—C11—C12—C13 | 0.5 (6) | C13—C14—C15—N11 | 0.1 (6) |
| C11—N11—C15—C14 | −0.9 (5) | C15—N11—C11—C12 | 0.6 (5) |
| C11—C12—C13—C14 | −1.4 (5) | C16—C13—C14—C15 | −179.7 (4) |
| Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y, −z. |
| D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
| O1—H1A···S1ii | 0.96 (4) | 2.35 (4) | 3.234 (3) | 153 (3) |
| O1—H1B···S1iii | 0.93 (5) | 2.35 (5) | 3.252 (2) | 164 (5) |
| C12—H12···S1iv | 0.95 | 2.91 | 3.833 (3) | 164 |
| Symmetry codes: (ii) −x+1, −y, −z+1; (iii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (iv) −x+2, −y, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the State of Schleswig-Holstein.
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