

research communications
of bis(diisopropylamino)fluoroborane
aUniversity of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: hebenbro@uni-muenster.de
The predominantly planar structure of a fluoro-substituted bis(dialkylamino)borane, C12H28BFN2, was obtained from the reaction of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate with lithium diisopropylamide and its structure is presented here. While the B—F bond length is in the typical range of single B—F bonds, the B—N bond length indicates a partial double-bond character. The sterically demanding isopropyl groups on both increase the N—B—N angle and enable intermolecular van der Waals interactions.
Keywords: crystal structure; fluoroborane,.
CCDC reference: 2441918
1. Chemical context
Bis(dialkylamino)boranes and their derivatives have emerged as prominent starting materials in the field of boron chemistry due to their ease of functionalization and enhanced stability, attributable to the double-bond character of the B—N bond. The fact that these substituents can also be used to realize unusual coordination patterns on the B atom was first demonstrated in 1982 by Nöth and Parry through the formation of the two-coordinate borinium cation (Nöth et al., 1982; Higashi et al., 1982
). Nöth generated the borinium cations from bis(dialkylamino)bromoboranes by reaction with Lewis acids, while Parry used analogous chloroboranes. This pioneering work was further expanded, exploring the use of a variety of Lewis acids and (Nöth et al., 1984
, 1986
; Kölle et al., 1986
). More recently, Major et al. (2019
) have demonstrated an alternative approach based on analogous fluorinated compounds, wherein a silylium cation functions as a fluoride abstractor. They also showed that these borinium cations are versatile reagents in hyroboration reactions. Here we report the structure of the starting material, bis(diisopropylamino)fluoroborane, 1, which was also previously identified as a product of reactions of (diisopropylamino)difluoroboranes in the presence of Na/K alloy (Maringgele et al., 1992
, 1993
), but its structure was never elucidated. The structural investigation of such a simple compound will contribute to the understanding of the basic binding situation and properties, and will provide a more complete picture when compared with analogous structures.
2. Structural commentary
Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic P and has one molecule in the (Fig. 1
). The bond length between boron and fluorine [1.3650 (9) Å] falls within the typical range of bond lengths observed for B—F bonds. The B—N bond lengths [1.4227 (10) and 1.4206 (10) Å] not only correspond to typical boron alkylamides, but also show a bond length resulting from the partial formation of a B—N double bond. The N—B—N angle [128.91 (7)°] exhibits a slight increase compared to analogous compounds. This is attributed to the sterically demanding substituents present on both along with the fluorine substituent, which exhibits a smaller steric bulkiness, thereby enabling the widening of the bond angle. The overall structure of the compound is predominantly planar, which is consistent with the expected geometry of a trigonal-substituted B atom with partial double bonds to the substituents.
![]() | Figure 1 The asymmetric unit of the solid-state structure of compound 1, with the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level and H atoms have been omitted for clarity. |
3. Supramolecular features
Compound 1 does not show any significant intermolecular interactions. The formation of four-membered rings, as found for example in analogous aminoboron difluorides (Hazell, 1966; Edwards et al., 1970
; Jones, 1984
), is not possible in the case of compound 1 due to the steric demand of the isopropyl side groups. The isopropyl groups themselves are capable of significant van der Waals interactions. These interactions were evaluated using the CrystalExplorer program (Spackman et al., 2021
). It was found that the interactions occur almost exclusively through H⋯H contacts, as is typical for van der Waals interactions (Fig. 2
). A small fraction is also due to H⋯F interactions. Interactions via the N atoms or the B atom do not take place. A decomposition of the interaction energy between the molecules reveals that the interaction is predominantly mediated by dispersion forces, with electrostatic or polarization components being negligible (Fig. 3
).
![]() | Figure 2 Decomposed two-dimensional fingerprint plots of the interactions of compound 1 devided in reciprocal H⋯H (left) and H⋯F (right) contacts along with their contributions (CrystalExplorer; Spackman et al., 2021 ![]() |
![]() | Figure 3 Interaction energies (in kJ mol−1) for different contacts within the structure of 1, divided into electrostatic, polarization, dispersion and repulsive contributions, together with the total interaction energy. In the partial packing diagram (left), the interacting molecules are colour-coded to correlate with the tabulated energies (CrystalExplorer; Spackman et al., 2021 ![]() |
4. Database survey
A database search [Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), Version 5.45, update June 2024; Groom et al., 2016] for analogous compounds reveals only two diaminofluoroboranes with acyclic (CSD refcodes YUBMUE and YUBNEP; Ott et al., 2009
). The major difference between these compounds and compound 1 is that only one of the has two isopropyl substituents, while the other amine is substituted with an aromatic substituent and a proton. The B—F bond lengths in both structures range from 1.363 to 1.368 Å, the B—N bonds to the isopropyl-substituted range from 1.395 to 1.410 Å and the N—B—N bond angles range from 126.90 to 128.21°. Furthermore, an expanded search, encompassing diisopropylamine-substituted trigonal–planar in general, yields 351 entries, with the B—N bond lengths ranging from 1.316 to 1.501 Å, contingent on the specific substituents on the B atom. Subsequent to quaternization of the N atom by protonation, a substantial elongation of the B—N bond is observed (1.571 Å in YUBNOZ; Ott et al., 2009
), attributable to the elimination of the partial double-bond character.
5. Synthesis and crystallization
5.1. General considerations
All reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Pentane was dried using lithium aluminium hydride and distilled before use. Reactions of the air-sensitive compounds were carried out under an inert argon atmosphere using the Schlenk line technique. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance (Neo) 500 instruments. NMR spectra were referenced to residual solvent peaks (C6D6). Mass spectra were recorded on a Bruker Impact II instrument. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) data were collected on a Bruker Venture with a Photon III CMOS detector with Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å). The experimental procedure was adapted from Major et al. (2019).
5.2. Experimental procedure
Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (1.63 ml, 13.0 mmol) was dissolved in pentane (50 ml) and the solution cooled to 195 K. A solution of lithium diisopropylamide in THF (13.0 ml, 26.0 mmol, 2 M) was then added dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 7 h at 195 K and then for 14 h at room temperature. A precipitated orange solid was separated by filtration and the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo at 273 K. The residue was redissolved in n-pentane (7 ml) and stored at 247 K for 2 d. The suspension was then cooled to 195 K and the precipitated yellowish solid was separated by filtration. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the uptake in pentane and subsequent filtration were repeated as described above. Compound 1 was obtained as a yellowish crystalline solid (yield: 1.13 g, 4.91 mmol). Colourless crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained from the solid by (yield 38%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6): δ (ppm) 3.20 [hept, 3JHH = 6.7 Hz, 4H, NCH(CH3)2], 1.18 [d, 3JHH = 6.9 Hz, 24H, NCH(CH3)2]. 13C{1H} NMR (101 MHz, C6D6): δ (ppm) 45.3 [NCH(CH3)2], 23.9 [d, 4JCF = 2.5 Hz, NCH(CH3)2]. 11B{1H} NMR (160 MHz, C6D6): δ (ppm) 25.0 (s). 19F{1H} NMR (471 MHz, C6D6): δ (ppm) −108.9 (s).
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . H atoms were placed at ideal calculated positions and refined using a riding model.
|
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 2441918
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989025003160/jy2057sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989025003160/jy2057Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989025003160/jy2057Isup3.cml
C12H28BFN2 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 230.17 | F(000) = 256 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.044 Mg m−3 |
a = 6.3603 (2) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 7.6440 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 9941 reflections |
c = 16.4098 (6) Å | θ = 2.5–29.6° |
α = 84.334 (1)° | µ = 0.07 mm−1 |
β = 84.820 (1)° | T = 100 K |
γ = 67.518 (1)° | Plate, colourless |
V = 732.38 (5) Å3 | 0.50 × 0.50 × 0.10 mm |
Bruker D8 VENTURE with a PHOTON III CMOS detector diffractometer | 3776 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: microsource | Rint = 0.043 |
f\ and w\ scans | θmax = 29.6°, θmin = 2.5° |
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements) (SADABS; Bruker, 2021) | h = −8→8 |
Tmin = 0.514, Tmax = 0.746 | k = −10→10 |
44165 measured reflections | l = −22→22 |
4103 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: intrinsic phasing |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.110 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0628P)2 + 0.1203P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.08 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4103 reflections | Δρmax = 0.51 e Å−3 |
153 parameters | Δρmin = −0.27 e Å−3 |
0 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
F1 | 0.93904 (9) | 0.04267 (7) | 0.71623 (3) | 0.02497 (13) | |
N1 | 0.88667 (11) | 0.25106 (9) | 0.81925 (4) | 0.01548 (13) | |
N2 | 0.72717 (11) | 0.36432 (9) | 0.67705 (4) | 0.01613 (14) | |
C1 | 0.94682 (13) | 0.09107 (10) | 0.88255 (4) | 0.01678 (15) | |
H1 | 0.948918 | 0.145510 | 0.935300 | 0.020* | |
C2 | 1.18385 (14) | −0.06119 (12) | 0.86768 (5) | 0.02304 (17) | |
H2A | 1.224662 | −0.148577 | 0.916731 | 0.035* | |
H2B | 1.295300 | −0.000875 | 0.855770 | 0.035* | |
H2C | 1.183618 | −0.131787 | 0.821000 | 0.035* | |
C3 | 0.76418 (15) | 0.00544 (12) | 0.89528 (5) | 0.02429 (17) | |
H3A | 0.803276 | −0.093603 | 0.940334 | 0.036* | |
H3B | 0.755731 | −0.049951 | 0.844889 | 0.036* | |
H3C | 0.616325 | 0.104925 | 0.908771 | 0.036* | |
C4 | 0.88051 (12) | 0.43069 (10) | 0.84597 (4) | 0.01606 (15) | |
H4 | 0.845794 | 0.524505 | 0.797241 | 0.019* | |
C5 | 0.69137 (14) | 0.51110 (11) | 0.91219 (5) | 0.02059 (16) | |
H5A | 0.679720 | 0.638557 | 0.922731 | 0.031* | |
H5B | 0.726963 | 0.428370 | 0.962753 | 0.031* | |
H5C | 0.546150 | 0.517926 | 0.893549 | 0.031* | |
C6 | 1.11067 (14) | 0.41371 (12) | 0.87467 (5) | 0.02167 (16) | |
H6A | 1.103194 | 0.539362 | 0.886261 | 0.033* | |
H6B | 1.229965 | 0.362372 | 0.831561 | 0.033* | |
H6C | 1.146032 | 0.328549 | 0.924554 | 0.033* | |
C7 | 0.54639 (12) | 0.54721 (10) | 0.69565 (4) | 0.01650 (15) | |
H7 | 0.528695 | 0.550183 | 0.756731 | 0.020* | |
C8 | 0.60564 (14) | 0.71800 (11) | 0.66229 (5) | 0.02176 (16) | |
H8A | 0.486698 | 0.834686 | 0.681208 | 0.033* | |
H8B | 0.615843 | 0.724314 | 0.602201 | 0.033* | |
H8C | 0.752295 | 0.704329 | 0.682121 | 0.033* | |
C9 | 0.31532 (13) | 0.56770 (12) | 0.66626 (5) | 0.02146 (16) | |
H9A | 0.197235 | 0.685037 | 0.684966 | 0.032* | |
H9B | 0.277831 | 0.458913 | 0.688826 | 0.032* | |
H9C | 0.323321 | 0.572230 | 0.606207 | 0.032* | |
C10 | 0.76673 (13) | 0.32376 (11) | 0.58934 (4) | 0.01805 (15) | |
H10 | 0.680044 | 0.444801 | 0.557470 | 0.022* | |
C11 | 1.01744 (15) | 0.26992 (13) | 0.56098 (5) | 0.02464 (17) | |
H11A | 1.036191 | 0.253792 | 0.501909 | 0.037* | |
H11B | 1.108985 | 0.150774 | 0.590426 | 0.037* | |
H11C | 1.068066 | 0.370637 | 0.572384 | 0.037* | |
C12 | 0.67586 (15) | 0.17610 (13) | 0.56824 (5) | 0.02438 (17) | |
H12A | 0.687330 | 0.168847 | 0.508612 | 0.037* | |
H12B | 0.516015 | 0.212989 | 0.588332 | 0.037* | |
H12C | 0.766010 | 0.051867 | 0.594240 | 0.037* | |
B1 | 0.84742 (14) | 0.22573 (12) | 0.73804 (5) | 0.01686 (16) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
F1 | 0.0343 (3) | 0.0151 (2) | 0.0207 (2) | −0.0022 (2) | −0.00725 (19) | −0.00367 (17) |
N1 | 0.0176 (3) | 0.0128 (3) | 0.0152 (3) | −0.0044 (2) | −0.0035 (2) | 0.0002 (2) |
N2 | 0.0178 (3) | 0.0154 (3) | 0.0136 (3) | −0.0040 (2) | −0.0021 (2) | −0.0016 (2) |
C1 | 0.0178 (3) | 0.0150 (3) | 0.0164 (3) | −0.0050 (3) | −0.0036 (2) | 0.0015 (2) |
C2 | 0.0202 (4) | 0.0188 (4) | 0.0247 (4) | −0.0013 (3) | −0.0048 (3) | 0.0011 (3) |
C3 | 0.0249 (4) | 0.0237 (4) | 0.0270 (4) | −0.0130 (3) | −0.0048 (3) | 0.0047 (3) |
C4 | 0.0170 (3) | 0.0150 (3) | 0.0168 (3) | −0.0064 (3) | −0.0035 (2) | −0.0003 (2) |
C5 | 0.0210 (4) | 0.0187 (3) | 0.0206 (3) | −0.0051 (3) | −0.0014 (3) | −0.0046 (3) |
C6 | 0.0208 (4) | 0.0244 (4) | 0.0233 (4) | −0.0120 (3) | −0.0062 (3) | 0.0016 (3) |
C7 | 0.0162 (3) | 0.0157 (3) | 0.0161 (3) | −0.0040 (3) | −0.0025 (2) | −0.0007 (2) |
C8 | 0.0245 (4) | 0.0174 (3) | 0.0230 (4) | −0.0074 (3) | −0.0045 (3) | 0.0015 (3) |
C9 | 0.0173 (3) | 0.0250 (4) | 0.0210 (3) | −0.0063 (3) | −0.0034 (3) | −0.0012 (3) |
C10 | 0.0204 (3) | 0.0195 (3) | 0.0137 (3) | −0.0065 (3) | −0.0022 (2) | −0.0017 (2) |
C11 | 0.0224 (4) | 0.0285 (4) | 0.0217 (4) | −0.0083 (3) | 0.0026 (3) | −0.0047 (3) |
C12 | 0.0296 (4) | 0.0261 (4) | 0.0206 (4) | −0.0125 (3) | −0.0046 (3) | −0.0049 (3) |
B1 | 0.0179 (4) | 0.0151 (4) | 0.0166 (3) | −0.0048 (3) | −0.0022 (3) | −0.0015 (3) |
F1—B1 | 1.3650 (9) | C6—H6A | 0.9800 |
N1—B1 | 1.4227 (10) | C6—H6B | 0.9800 |
N1—C4 | 1.4676 (9) | C6—H6C | 0.9800 |
N1—C1 | 1.4779 (9) | C7—C8 | 1.5310 (11) |
N2—B1 | 1.4206 (10) | C7—C9 | 1.5343 (10) |
N2—C7 | 1.4701 (9) | C7—H7 | 1.0000 |
N2—C10 | 1.4812 (9) | C8—H8A | 0.9800 |
C1—C3 | 1.5272 (11) | C8—H8B | 0.9800 |
C1—C2 | 1.5280 (11) | C8—H8C | 0.9800 |
C1—H1 | 1.0000 | C9—H9A | 0.9800 |
C2—H2A | 0.9800 | C9—H9B | 0.9800 |
C2—H2B | 0.9800 | C9—H9C | 0.9800 |
C2—H2C | 0.9800 | C10—C11 | 1.5266 (11) |
C3—H3A | 0.9800 | C10—C12 | 1.5298 (11) |
C3—H3B | 0.9800 | C10—H10 | 1.0000 |
C3—H3C | 0.9800 | C11—H11A | 0.9800 |
C4—C5 | 1.5284 (11) | C11—H11B | 0.9800 |
C4—C6 | 1.5326 (10) | C11—H11C | 0.9800 |
C4—H4 | 1.0000 | C12—H12A | 0.9800 |
C5—H5A | 0.9800 | C12—H12B | 0.9800 |
C5—H5B | 0.9800 | C12—H12C | 0.9800 |
C5—H5C | 0.9800 | ||
B1—N1—C4 | 123.84 (6) | H6B—C6—H6C | 109.5 |
B1—N1—C1 | 121.01 (6) | N2—C7—C8 | 113.11 (6) |
C4—N1—C1 | 115.11 (6) | N2—C7—C9 | 112.27 (6) |
B1—N2—C7 | 123.64 (6) | C8—C7—C9 | 110.19 (6) |
B1—N2—C10 | 120.53 (6) | N2—C7—H7 | 107.0 |
C7—N2—C10 | 115.66 (6) | C8—C7—H7 | 107.0 |
N1—C1—C3 | 111.48 (6) | C9—C7—H7 | 107.0 |
N1—C1—C2 | 113.89 (6) | C7—C8—H8A | 109.5 |
C3—C1—C2 | 111.49 (7) | C7—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
N1—C1—H1 | 106.5 | H8A—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
C3—C1—H1 | 106.5 | C7—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C2—C1—H1 | 106.5 | H8A—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2A | 109.5 | H8B—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2B | 109.5 | C7—C9—H9A | 109.5 |
H2A—C2—H2B | 109.5 | C7—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2C | 109.5 | H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
H2A—C2—H2C | 109.5 | C7—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
H2B—C2—H2C | 109.5 | H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C1—C3—H3A | 109.5 | H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C1—C3—H3B | 109.5 | N2—C10—C11 | 111.40 (6) |
H3A—C3—H3B | 109.5 | N2—C10—C12 | 113.43 (6) |
C1—C3—H3C | 109.5 | C11—C10—C12 | 111.42 (7) |
H3A—C3—H3C | 109.5 | N2—C10—H10 | 106.7 |
H3B—C3—H3C | 109.5 | C11—C10—H10 | 106.7 |
N1—C4—C5 | 112.25 (6) | C12—C10—H10 | 106.7 |
N1—C4—C6 | 112.37 (6) | C10—C11—H11A | 109.5 |
C5—C4—C6 | 110.44 (6) | C10—C11—H11B | 109.5 |
N1—C4—H4 | 107.2 | H11A—C11—H11B | 109.5 |
C5—C4—H4 | 107.2 | C10—C11—H11C | 109.5 |
C6—C4—H4 | 107.2 | H11A—C11—H11C | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5A | 109.5 | H11B—C11—H11C | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5B | 109.5 | C10—C12—H12A | 109.5 |
H5A—C5—H5B | 109.5 | C10—C12—H12B | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5C | 109.5 | H12A—C12—H12B | 109.5 |
H5A—C5—H5C | 109.5 | C10—C12—H12C | 109.5 |
H5B—C5—H5C | 109.5 | H12A—C12—H12C | 109.5 |
C4—C6—H6A | 109.5 | H12B—C12—H12C | 109.5 |
C4—C6—H6B | 109.5 | F1—B1—N2 | 116.05 (7) |
H6A—C6—H6B | 109.5 | F1—B1—N1 | 115.03 (6) |
C4—C6—H6C | 109.5 | N2—B1—N1 | 128.91 (7) |
H6A—C6—H6C | 109.5 | ||
B1—N1—C1—C3 | −58.17 (9) | B1—N2—C10—C11 | −57.08 (9) |
C4—N1—C1—C3 | 124.16 (7) | C7—N2—C10—C11 | 127.52 (7) |
B1—N1—C1—C2 | 69.05 (9) | B1—N2—C10—C12 | 69.60 (9) |
C4—N1—C1—C2 | −108.62 (7) | C7—N2—C10—C12 | −105.80 (8) |
B1—N1—C4—C5 | 117.02 (8) | C7—N2—B1—F1 | 154.87 (7) |
C1—N1—C4—C5 | −65.38 (8) | C10—N2—B1—F1 | −20.15 (10) |
B1—N1—C4—C6 | −117.78 (8) | C7—N2—B1—N1 | −25.31 (12) |
C1—N1—C4—C6 | 59.82 (8) | C10—N2—B1—N1 | 159.67 (8) |
B1—N2—C7—C8 | 117.08 (8) | C4—N1—B1—F1 | 156.92 (7) |
C10—N2—C7—C8 | −67.68 (8) | C1—N1—B1—F1 | −20.55 (10) |
B1—N2—C7—C9 | −117.45 (8) | C4—N1—B1—N2 | −22.91 (12) |
C10—N2—C7—C9 | 57.79 (8) | C1—N1—B1—N2 | 159.63 (7) |
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Professor Jens Müller for financial and non-material support, as well as for providing access to laboratories and chemicals. MH would like to thank the funds of the chemical industry (VCI) for their support.
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