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Crystal structure of catena-poly[[tetra­aquamangan­ese(II)]-μ-1,5-dihy­droxynaphthalene-2,6-di­carboxyl­ato]

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aToyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by T. Akitsu, Tokyo University of Science, Japan (Received 22 December 2025; accepted 15 January 2026; online 20 January 2026)

The title compound, [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n or [Mn(C12H6O6)(H2O)4]n, was synthesized by the reaction of manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2), 1,5-dihy­droxynaphthalene-2,6-di­carb­oxy­lic acid (H4dondc) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The asymmetric unit comprises half of an MnII ion, half of a 1,5-dihy­droxynaphthalene-2,6-di­carboxyl­ate dianion (H2dondc2−) and two water mol­ecules. The MnII ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center and exhibits a six-coordinated MnO6 octa­hedral geometry. The octa­hedron is comprised of two oxygen atoms from the two H2dondc2− ligands and four oxygen atoms from the water mol­ecules. The carboxyl­ate group and naphthalene moiety lie almost coplanar to each other and show a monodentate coordination to the MnII ion. The planar H2dondc2− ligands bridge MnII ions to form a one-dimensional chain along the diagonal direction of the b and c axes. In the crystal, there are two types of intra-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. The first is between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and carboxyl­ate groups. The phenolic hydroxyl groups of the ligand are protonated and act as intra-chain hydrogen-bonding donors to coordinated oxygen atoms of the carboxyl­ate groups. The other is between coordinated water mol­ecules and non-coordinated oxygen atoms of the carboxyl­ate groups. The parallel chains are connected not only by inter-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between coordinated water mol­ecules and phenolic hydroxyl groups but also by inter-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between coordinated water mol­ecules to give two-dimensional networks. The chains are further connected by inter-chain ππ stacking inter­actions between the naphthalene moieties.

1. Chemical context

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers (CPs) are compounds composed of metal ions and organic ligands that are connected by coordination bonds and form networks of different dimensionalities (one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensiona) in a crystal structure. These materials have received significant attention due to their diverse structures, and their physical and chemical applications, including magnetism, conductivity, gas sorption and catalytic activity (Kurmoo, 2009View full citation; Kurmoo et al., 1995View full citation; Zhong et al., 2023View full citation; Nakatani et al., 1990View full citation; Kitagawa et al., 2004View full citation). Multitopic organic ligands such as polypyridines, polyamines and polycarboxyl­ates are often used in the synthesis of these materials. Among these ligands, the benzene­dicarboxyl­ate ligand (bdc2− dianion) and its analogues are well-known bridging ligands that yield functional materials (Kurmoo, 2009View full citation; Furukawa et al., 2010View full citation). We have reported on electrode materials that use bdc2− dianion analogues (Ogihara et al., 2014View full citation, 2021View full citation, 2023View full citation; Yasuda & Ogihara, 2014View full citation) and magnetic materials that involve polycarboxyl­ate in which the number of carboxyl­ate groups and the distances between carboxyl­ate groups systematically vary (Kumagai et al., 2001View full citation, 2002View full citation; Kurmoo et al., 2001View full citation, 2003View full citation). We also reported a series of two-dimensional (2D) layered compounds that employ R4-benzene­dicarboxyl­ate (R4-bdc2−; R = H, F, Cl, and Br) as a bridging ligand and MII ions (MII = Mn, Co, Zn, and Cu). The structures and water adsorption-desorption properties are tuned by altering the halogen atoms attached to the benzene ring or metal ions used in these compounds (Kumagai et al., 2012View full citation, 2021View full citation). 1,5-Dihy­droxynaphthalene-2,6-di­carb­oxy­lic acid (H4dondc) is also a di­carboxyl­ate analogue, in which phenolic hydroxyl groups are introduced within the naphthalene backbone. The H4dondc ligand can give four available charges (1− to 4−) depending on the deprotonation state, and MOFs with the 4− state of the ligand, where both the carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups are deprotonated, were synthesized at high temperature using solvothermal reactions or microwaves to give honeycomb-type pores with open metal sites (Yeon et al., 2015View full citation; Dietzel et al., 2020View full citation). We have previously reported the first structural characterization of {[Co(H2dondc)(H2O)4]·2DMF}n (DMF = N,N′-di­methyl­formamide, CCDC reference: 2421049, RURSIK), in which the ligand acts as a 2− anion (Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). Here, we have focused on the use of H2dondc2− in the synthesis of an MnII–H2dondc2− dianion system under ambient conditions and report on the single-crystal structure of [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n.

[Scheme 1]

2. Structural commentary

The title compound, [[Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n, consists of an MnII ion, H2dondc2− and four water mol­ecules. The MnII ion lies on a crystallographic inversion center and its asymmetric unit consists of half of an MnII ion, half of a H2dondc2− ligand and two water mol­ecules. The characteristic point of the structure is a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogen-bonding network that consists of one-dimensional (1D) coordination chains built up by MnO6 octa­hedra bridged by H2dondc2− ligands and inter-chain O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and ππ stacking inter­actions of the naphthalene moieties. We have reported a similar compound, {[Co(H2dondc)(H2O)4]·2DMF}n, in which DMF (dimethylformamide) mol­ecules are included in the crystal (Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). Here we describe the structure of [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n and the differences between this structure and {[Co(H2dondc)(H2O)4]·2DMF}n. Comparisons of selected bond distances, angles and hydrogen-bonding geometry are summarized in the supporting information. Fig. 1[link] shows the one-dimensional chain structure of [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n with the numbering scheme. The MnII ion occupies a crystallographic inversion center; therefore, octa­hedron is formed and each pair of H2dondc2− ligands and water mol­ecules coordinate trans positions to each other. The Mn—O1 (carboxyl­ate) bond length [2.1310 (13) Å] in [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4] is shorter than the Mn—O4 and Mn—O5 (H2O) bond lengths [2.1521 (16) Å and 2.2335 (15) Å, respectively], which is indicative of a slightly elongated octa­hedral geometry along the Mn—O5 bond. The ligands bridge the octa­hedral MnII ions to form a linear chain along the diagonal direction of the b and c axes. The Mn⋯Mn separation defined by Mn–H2dondc2−–Mn connectivity within the chain is 13.22 (5) Å, which is similar to that for the Co compound [13.27 (3) Å; Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). The carboxyl­ate group exhibits a monodentate coordination to the MnII ion and the phenolic hydroxyl groups show no coordination bonding to the MnII ion, giving the 2− anion. The phenolic hydroxyl groups show intra-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions with the coordinated oxygen atoms of the carboxyl­ate groups. The non-coordinated oxygen atom of the carboxyl­ate group (O2) shows intra-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions with coordinated water mol­ecules (O4) at an O⋯O distance of 2.756 (2) Å. The oxygen atoms of the carboxyl­ate groups act as intra-chain hydrogen-bond acceptors, and the coordinated water mol­ecules and phenolic hydroxyl groups act as intra-chain hydrogen-bond donors. These structural features are similar to those of the previously reported CoII compound (Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). The difference between the structures of the title and CoII compounds is the planarity between the carboxyl­ate group and naphthalene ring. While the carboxyl­ate group and the naphthalene ring are almost coplanar with an C6—C2—C1—O1 torsion angle of 179.77 (17)° in [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n, the CoII compound shows a slightly tilted geometry with a torsion angle of 171.94 (11)°.

[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The one-dimensional chain structure of the title compound with the atom-labeling scheme and 50% probability displacement ellipsoids. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. [Symmetry code: (i) −x + 1, −y + 2, −z + 2.]

3. Supra­molecular features

The coordinated water mol­ecules of the title compound play important roles in forming intra- and inter-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions that yield a hydrogen-bonding network in the crystal structure (Table 1[link]). The chains are hydrogen bonded both in the direction of naphthalene ring stacking and in the planar direction of the naphthalene rings to form a three-dimensional network. Fig. 2[link] shows the two-dimensional inter-chain hydrogen-bonding network in the planar direction of the naphthalene rings. The non-coordinated oxygen atoms (O2ii) of the carboxyl­ate groups hydrogen bond to coordinated water mol­ecules (O5) of the adjacent chain at a distance of 2.664 (2) Å. O2 acts as a hydrogen-bond acceptor and the coordinated water mol­ecule acts as a hydrogen-bond donor. This two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network is similar to that of the previously reported CoII complex (Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). Coordinated water mol­ecules (O4) show inter-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions at a distance of 2.814 (2) Å between the coordinated water mol­ecules of adjacent chains (O5) in the direction of naphthalene ring stacking, as shown in Fig. 3[link]. The water mol­ecules also act as hydrogen-bond donors (O4) and as hydrogen-bond acceptors (O5). The coordinated water mol­ecules (O5) form two types of inter-chain hydrogen-bonding inter­actions in the direction of the naphthalene ring stacking. One is a hydrogen-bonding inter­action with a water mol­ecule of an adjacent chain [O4⋯O5i = 2.814 (2) Å; symmetry code as in Table 1[link]] and the other is a hydrogen bond with a phenolic hydroxyl group in a neighboring chain [O5⋯O3iii = 2.798 (2) Å; symmetry code as in Table 1[link]]. Water mol­ecules (O5) act not only as hydrogen-bond acceptors toward other water mol­ecules but also as hydrogen-bond donors to phenolic hydroxyl groups. The almost planar naphthalene moieties are stacked along the crystallographic a-axis direction in the crystal, with shortest centroid⋯centroid distances between the naphthalene rings and C⋯C distances of 3.7345 (13) and 3.378 (3) Å, respectively. These distances are indicative of ππ stacking inter­actions between the naphthalene moieties. The one-dimensional chains thereby form a three-dimensional network through hydrogen bonding and ππ stacking inter­actions. The difference between [Mn(H2dondc)(H2O)4]n and the CoII compound is the absence of DMF mol­ecules between the chains in the crystal structure (Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). The presence of DMF mol­ecules between the chains prevents ππ stacking between the naphthalene moieties; the naphthalene moieties of the CoII compound showed C—H⋯π inter­actions between DMF mol­ecules and the naphthalene rings rather than the ππ stacking observed in the title compound. This result suggests that the inter-chain inter­actions can be controlled by the solvent in the crystal.

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
O4—H4A⋯O2 0.88 (3) 2.02 (3) 2.756 (2) 141 (3)
O4—H4B⋯O5i 0.79 (3) 2.04 (3) 2.814 (2) 169 (3)
O3—H3⋯O1 0.79 (3) 1.75 (3) 2.480 (2) 153 (3)
O5—H5A⋯O2ii 0.80 (3) 1.88 (3) 2.664 (2) 168 (3)
O5—H5B⋯O3iii 0.71 (3) 2.13 (3) 2.798 (2) 157 (3)
Symmetry codes: (i) Mathematical equation; (ii) Mathematical equation; (iii) Mathematical equation.
[Figure 2]
Figure 2
View of the two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network in the planar direction of the naphthalene rings. Hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are shown as dashed lines.
[Figure 3]
Figure 3
View of the two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network in the direction of the naphthalene ring stacking. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. Hydrogen atoms of the naphthalene rings are omitted for clarity.

4. Database survey

We have previously reported the structure of {[Co(H2dondc)(H2O)4]·2DMF}n and a database survey using the Sci Finder database and Web of Science concerning H2dondc2− and CoII (Kumagai et al., 2025View full citation). This time a similar survey for H2dondc2− and MnII ion was conducted that resulted in no complete matches. The structures of metal complexes composed of an MnII ion and a dondc4− ligand that form a three-dimensional network consisting of hexa­gonal channels have been reported (CADYOZ and CADYUF; Dietzel et al., 2020View full citation).

5. Synthesis and crystallization

Manganese(II) chloride hexa­hydrate (0.39 g, 2.00 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (20 mL). Lithium hydroxide (0.09 g, 4.00 mmol) and H4dondc (0.24 g, 2.00 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of water (10 mL) and DMF (10 mL). The MnII solution was poured into the mixture without stirring at room temperature. Single crystals were formed not only the interface of the solutions but also elsewhere due to the gradual diffusion of the solutions. Yellow crystals were obtained and one of these crystals was used for single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis.

6. Refinement

The crystal data, data collection, and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2[link]. Hydrogen atoms attached to the phenolic hy­droxy group and water mol­ecules were extracted from difference-Fourier maps and refined isotropically. Other hydrogen atoms were placed in idealized positions (C—H = 0.95 Å) and refined using a riding model with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).

Table 2
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula [Mn(C12H6O6)(H2O)4]
Mr 373.17
Crystal system, space group Triclinic, PMathematical equation
Temperature (K) 150
a, b, c (Å) 5.2046 (3), 7.0001 (6), 9.8126 (8)
α, β, γ (°) 100.730 (7), 101.431 (6), 96.098 (6)
V3) 340.46 (5)
Z 1
Radiation type Mo Kα
μ (mm−1) 1.03
Crystal size (mm) 0.13 × 0.07 × 0.05
 
Data collection
Diffractometer XtaLAB Synergy R, DW system, HyPix
Absorption correction Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2025View full citation)
Tmin, Tmax 0.698, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections 3959, 1563, 1373
Rint 0.036
(sin θ/λ)max−1) 0.649
 
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.036, 0.088, 1.05
No. of reflections 1563
No. of parameters 126
H-atom treatment H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) 0.48, −0.36
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2025View full citation), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015aView full citation), SHELXL2019/3 (Sheldrick, 2015bView full citation) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009View full citation).

Supporting information


Computing details top

catena-Poly[[tetraaquamanganese(II)]-µ-1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-\ 2,6-dicarboxylato] top
Crystal data top
[Mn(C12H6O6)(H2O)4]Z = 1
Mr = 373.17F(000) = 191
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.820 Mg m3
a = 5.2046 (3) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 7.0001 (6) ÅCell parameters from 2369 reflections
c = 9.8126 (8) Åθ = 3.0–30.5°
α = 100.730 (7)°µ = 1.03 mm1
β = 101.431 (6)°T = 150 K
γ = 96.098 (6)°Plate, clear yellow
V = 340.46 (5) Å30.13 × 0.07 × 0.05 mm
Data collection top
XtaLAB Synergy R, DW system, HyPix
diffractometer
1563 independent reflections
Radiation source: Rotating-anode X-ray tube, Rigaku (Mo) X-ray Source1373 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Mirror monochromatorRint = 0.036
Detector resolution: 10.0000 pixels mm-1θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.2°
ω scansh = 66
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2025)
k = 98
Tmin = 0.698, Tmax = 1.000l = 1210
3959 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.088 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0456P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.05(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
1563 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.48 e Å3
126 parametersΔρmin = 0.35 e Å3
0 restraints
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Mn10.5000000.0000000.5000000.01475 (16)
O50.7619 (3)0.1558 (2)0.63695 (17)0.0171 (3)
O10.4392 (3)0.18483 (19)0.68599 (15)0.0165 (3)
O20.5957 (3)0.4855 (2)0.66930 (15)0.0192 (3)
O30.1314 (3)0.1263 (2)0.84218 (16)0.0159 (3)
O40.8266 (3)0.2198 (2)0.50602 (19)0.0255 (4)
C20.2981 (4)0.4521 (3)0.8231 (2)0.0134 (4)
C40.0062 (4)0.3969 (3)0.9786 (2)0.0132 (4)
C10.4570 (4)0.3746 (3)0.7202 (2)0.0143 (4)
C60.3040 (4)0.6571 (3)0.8679 (2)0.0148 (4)
H60.4082130.7449710.8302120.018*
C30.1441 (4)0.3249 (3)0.8791 (2)0.0121 (4)
C50.1639 (4)0.7320 (3)0.9640 (2)0.0154 (4)
H50.1719120.8701980.9925000.018*
H4A0.825 (6)0.336 (4)0.557 (3)0.050 (9)*
H4B0.947 (5)0.218 (4)0.469 (3)0.028 (7)*
H30.225 (5)0.107 (4)0.788 (3)0.030 (7)*
H5A0.713 (6)0.256 (4)0.659 (3)0.047 (9)*
H5B0.836 (6)0.097 (4)0.703 (3)0.037 (9)*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Mn10.0180 (2)0.0118 (2)0.0157 (3)0.00224 (17)0.00881 (17)0.00079 (17)
O50.0203 (8)0.0137 (8)0.0179 (9)0.0009 (6)0.0063 (7)0.0036 (7)
O10.0225 (7)0.0108 (7)0.0181 (8)0.0025 (6)0.0119 (6)0.0004 (6)
O20.0262 (8)0.0142 (7)0.0225 (8)0.0040 (6)0.0162 (6)0.0046 (6)
O30.0226 (8)0.0098 (7)0.0178 (8)0.0024 (6)0.0126 (6)0.0010 (6)
O40.0237 (9)0.0190 (9)0.0346 (10)0.0009 (7)0.0189 (8)0.0030 (7)
C20.0167 (9)0.0121 (9)0.0121 (10)0.0038 (7)0.0056 (7)0.0009 (7)
C40.0151 (9)0.0135 (10)0.0120 (10)0.0034 (8)0.0048 (7)0.0028 (7)
C10.0177 (9)0.0136 (10)0.0107 (10)0.0027 (8)0.0025 (8)0.0005 (7)
C60.0187 (10)0.0118 (9)0.0149 (10)0.0012 (8)0.0059 (8)0.0041 (8)
C30.0167 (9)0.0085 (9)0.0102 (9)0.0029 (7)0.0019 (7)0.0006 (7)
C50.0213 (10)0.0090 (9)0.0170 (10)0.0037 (8)0.0065 (8)0.0023 (8)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Mn1—O52.2335 (15)O4—H4A0.88 (3)
Mn1—O5i2.2335 (15)O4—H4B0.79 (3)
Mn1—O1i2.1310 (13)C2—C11.490 (3)
Mn1—O12.1310 (13)C2—C61.416 (3)
Mn1—O42.1521 (16)C2—C31.394 (3)
Mn1—O4i2.1521 (16)C4—C4ii1.417 (4)
O5—H5A0.80 (3)C4—C31.422 (3)
O5—H5B0.71 (3)C4—C5ii1.421 (3)
O1—C11.297 (2)C6—H60.9500
O2—C11.241 (2)C6—C51.365 (3)
O3—C31.361 (2)C5—H50.9500
O3—H30.79 (3)
O5—Mn1—O5i180.0Mn1—O4—H4B132.8 (19)
O1i—Mn1—O5i89.70 (5)H4A—O4—H4B112 (3)
O1—Mn1—O5i90.30 (5)C6—C2—C1120.58 (17)
O1i—Mn1—O590.30 (5)C3—C2—C1120.88 (17)
O1—Mn1—O589.70 (5)C3—C2—C6118.53 (18)
O1i—Mn1—O1180.0C4ii—C4—C3118.3 (2)
O1i—Mn1—O492.89 (6)C4ii—C4—C5ii120.0 (2)
O1—Mn1—O4i92.89 (6)C5ii—C4—C3121.77 (17)
O1i—Mn1—O4i87.11 (6)O1—C1—C2116.00 (17)
O1—Mn1—O487.11 (6)O2—C1—O1122.15 (18)
O4—Mn1—O5i88.22 (6)O2—C1—C2121.85 (17)
O4i—Mn1—O588.22 (6)C2—C6—H6119.1
O4—Mn1—O591.78 (6)C5—C6—C2121.73 (18)
O4i—Mn1—O5i91.78 (6)C5—C6—H6119.1
O4—Mn1—O4i180.0O3—C3—C2121.77 (17)
Mn1—O5—H5A124 (2)O3—C3—C4116.76 (17)
Mn1—O5—H5B116 (2)C2—C3—C4121.47 (17)
H5A—O5—H5B102 (3)C4ii—C5—H5120.0
C1—O1—Mn1130.36 (12)C6—C5—C4ii120.04 (18)
C3—O3—H3106.0 (18)C6—C5—H5120.0
Mn1—O4—H4A115 (2)
Mn1—O1—C1—O224.2 (3)C6—C2—C1—O21.0 (3)
Mn1—O1—C1—C2155.01 (13)C6—C2—C3—O3179.21 (17)
C2—C6—C5—C4ii0.2 (3)C6—C2—C3—C40.4 (3)
C4ii—C4—C3—O3178.9 (2)C3—C2—C1—O10.9 (3)
C4ii—C4—C3—C20.7 (3)C3—C2—C1—O2179.87 (18)
C1—C2—C6—C5178.81 (19)C3—C2—C6—C50.1 (3)
C1—C2—C3—O30.3 (3)C5ii—C4—C3—O30.5 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C4179.27 (17)C5ii—C4—C3—C2179.88 (18)
C6—C2—C1—O1179.77 (17)
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y, z+1; (ii) x, y+1, z+2.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O4—H4A···O20.88 (3)2.02 (3)2.756 (2)141 (3)
O4—H4B···O5iii0.79 (3)2.04 (3)2.814 (2)169 (3)
O3—H3···O10.79 (3)1.75 (3)2.480 (2)153 (3)
O5—H5A···O2iv0.80 (3)1.88 (3)2.664 (2)168 (3)
O5—H5B···O3v0.71 (3)2.13 (3)2.798 (2)157 (3)
Symmetry codes: (iii) x+2, y, z+1; (iv) x, y1, z; (v) x+1, y, z.
 

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