research communications
and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2,6-bis[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]pyridine
aTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 str., Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, bI. F. Lab Ltd., Representative of Life Chemicals Inc., Kyiv, Ukraine, 5 Academician Kukhar St., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, and cDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd, Iasi 700506, Romania
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]
The title compound (systematic name: ethyl 1-{6-[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl}-5-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate), C19H21N5O4, consists of a central pyridine ring substituted by two functionalized pyrazole rings and crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group C2/c. The pyridine–pyrazole and pyrazole–pyrazole dihedral angles are 30.55 (5) and 50.81 (8)°, respectively, indicating significant deviations from coplanarity. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation. In the crystal, molecules form columns along the c-axis, but large centroid separations and offsets between parallel pyridine rings contribute to the absence of π–π stacking. Intermolecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that H⋯H contacts dominate the packing (49.9%), with hydrogen-involving interactions contributing over 90% of all contacts. The molecular shape is moderately anisotropic, with globularity and asphericity values of 0.677 and 0.395, respectively. These results highlight the key role of hydrogen-based interactions in directing the supramolecular organization and crystal cohesion.
Keywords: crystal structure; 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine derivatives; pyrazolyl; Hirshfeld surface analysis; organic synthesis; hydrogen bonding.
CCDC reference: 2539018
1. Chemical context
Complexes based on the ligand 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine attract attention due to their application in coordination chemistry (Halcrow & Kilner, 2003
; Jia, 2011
). In particular, iron complexes exhibit catalytic activity (Magubane et al., 2016
), cross-spin behavior (Pritchard et al., 2009
), and manifestations of the Jahn-Teller effect (Kershaw Cook et al., 2015
). Iron(II) complexes with diethyl 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate) demonstrate spin crossover properties that can be induced thermally and by light through the LIESST (light-induced excited spin state trapping) mechanism (García-López et al., 2023
). Moreover, the spin state can be reversibly modulated by guest molecules such as MeNO2, MeCN, Me2CO, and MeCOOH. Considering the coordination versatility and functional potential of pyrazolylpyridine ligands, we aimed to design and synthesize a novel methyl-substituted derivative of 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine and to investigate its structural features using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
2. Structural commentary
In the title compound, C19H21N5O4, the polycyclic system is composed of three parts: one central pyridine ring substituted by two functionalized pyrazole rings (Fig. 1
). The molecule is centrosymmetric with a crystallographic twofold rotation axis (C2) passing through the N1 and C3 atoms of the central pyridine ring. The dihedral angle between the planes of the pyridine ring and the adjacent pyrazole fragment is 30.55 (5)°, indicating a significant deviation from coplanarity between the two aromatic systems. The dihedral angle between the planes containing two pyrazole rings is 50.81 (8)°. Furthermore, the distance between the centroids of the pyridine ring plane (C1–C3, N1) and one of the pyrazole ring planes (C4–C6, N2, N3) is 3.8535 (7) Å, whereas the centroid-to-centroid distance between the two symmetrically positioned pyrazole moieties is 6.6980 (12) Å. The C8=O2 and C8—O1 bond lengths of 1.2024 (12) and 1.3349 (18) Å, respectively, are in the expected ranges (Cambridge Structural Database; Groom et al., 2016
). The molecule is stabilized by an intramolecular C7—H7B⋯O2 hydrogen bond. Selected geometric parameters are given in Table 1
.
|
| | Figure 1 The molecular structure of the title compound, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. |
3. Supramolecular features
In the the molecules are arranged in columns running along the crystallographic c-axis (Fig. 2
. Despite the parallel orientation of adjacent pyridine ring planes [twist angle = 0.00 (11)°], the centroid-to-centroid distance between them is 8.0879 (2) Å, and the offset is 6.924 (3) Å, which are significantly larger than the values typically associated with effective π–π stacking interactions. These structural parameters clearly indicate the absence of π–π stacking in the crystal. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 2
).
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Figure 2 Crystal packing of the title compound viewed along the crystallographic b axis. The planes of the pyridine and pyrazole rings are highlighted in red. All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. |
4. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database using the WebCSD interface (CSD version 2025.1, May 2025 release; Groom et al., 2016
) for the C5N pyridine ring substituted in the 2- and 6-positions by C3N2 pyrazole rings, each bearing a –COO fragment at the 4-position, gave 27 hits. The most closely related structure is UGIPIM (Martinez–Martin et al., 2020
), 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid) acetonitrile solvate. Other similar compounds include coordination complexes of iron with this ligand: XORDEQ, and XORDIU (García-López et al., 2019
), as well as a series of iron complexes with diethyl 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate) [MIHMID, MIHMUP, MIHNAW, MIHNIE, MIHPAY, MIHPEC, MIHPIG (García-López et al., 2023
), TUFXOI (Pritchard et al., 2009
)]. The vast majority of the complexes with the above-mentioned ligands are mononuclear species of the general formula MeL2.
5. Hirshfeld surface analysis
The Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots were performed using Crystal Explorer 21.5 software (Spackman et al., 2021
), with a standard resolution of the three-dimensional dnorm surfaces plotted over a fixed colour scale of −0.2207 (red) to 1.2076 (blue) a.u. Eight red spots are observed on the dnorm surface. The four dark-red regions correspond to short interatomic contacts and reflect negative dnorm values, whereas the remaining four light-red spots indicate weaker intermolecular interactions. The Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over dnorm are shown for the H⋯H, H⋯C/C⋯H, H⋯N/N⋯H, and H⋯O/O⋯H (Figs. 3
and 4
), the overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot and the decomposed two-dimensional fingerprint plots are given in Fig. 5
. The shortest intermolecular contacts are two pairs of C7–H7A⋯O2 interactions with a length of 2.311 Å, which correspond to contacts between a methyl hydrogen atom of the pyrazole fragment and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the ester (COOEt) group of a neighboring molecule. Considering the weak and predominantly electrostatic character of the intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, their contribution to the stabilization of the crystal packing is minor. Additionally, two pairs of C6—H6⋯N3 contacts measuring 2.512 Å are observed, representing interactions between the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms of pyrazole fragments from adjacent molecules. H⋯H contacts make 49.9% contribution, which is mostly associated with terminal positions of H atoms and is chemically insignificant. The most significant meaningful interactions to the overall crystal packing are from H⋯C/C⋯H (15.8%), H⋯N/N⋯H (14.3%), and H⋯O/O⋯H (12.6%) contacts. There is a small contribution from C⋯O/O⋯C (4.0%) and C⋯C (2.4%), O⋯O (0.4%) and O⋯N/N⋯O (0.5%) weak intermolecular contacts. The relative percentage contributions to the overall Hirshfeld surface by elements: H⋯all atoms – 68.7%, C⋯all atoms – 13.3%, O⋯all atoms – 9.6% and N⋯all atoms – 8.4%. The data clearly highlight the dominant role of hydrogen-involving interactions in the formation and stabilization of the crystal packing. The overwhelming contribution from H⋯H and other hydrogen-related contacts accounts for over 90% of all intermolecular interactions. These findings indicate that hydrogen-based interactions are the principal driving force behind the supramolecular organization and efficient molecular packing within the crystal lattice. The calculated quantitative physical properties of the Hirshfeld surface — molecular volume (470.13 Å3), surface area (431.66 Å2), globularity (0.677), and asphericity (0.395) — provide insights into the molecular shape and packing characteristics. The moderate asphericity value indicates a noticeable deviation from spherical symmetry, suggesting that the molecular shape is somewhat elongated or irregular. In addition, the globularity value significantly below 1 implies that the molecular surface is less compact and more complex than a perfect sphere. These parameters suggest an anisotropic and non-spherical molecular shape, which correspondingly influences the packing of molecules in the crystal.
| | Figure 3 View of the Hirshfeld surface mapped over dnorm for the title compound showing C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, indicated by green and yellow dashed lines, respectively. |
| Figure 4 Hirshfeld surface representations with the function dnorm plotted onto the surface for individual interactions. |
| Figure 5 The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot and those delineated into specified interactions. |
6. Synthesis and crystallization
Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (2.06 g, 15.8 mmol) and 1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine (2.56 g, 17.4 mmol) were placed in a round-bottom flask and refluxed for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, acetic acid (28 mL) and freshly prepared 2,6-dihydrazinylpyridine (Brien et al., 2006
) (1.00 g, 7.2 mmol) were added, and the solution was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic layer was extracted twice with a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash using a gradient of EtOAc/Hex (10:1 to 1:1, v/v). As a result, diethyl 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate) was obtained as a yellow powder (2.4 g, 87%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 8.13–7.99 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 4.34 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H, CH2), 2.90 (s, 6H, CH3), 1.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H, CH3); 13C NMR (101 MHz, chloroform-d) δ 163.62, 150.97, 145.14, 142.86, 141.31, 116.62, 114.59, 60.29, 14.51, 13.17; m. p. 427 K;
Clear, pale-yellow prismatic crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from an Et2O/CH2Cl2 solution by evaporation in the open air.
7. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure details are summarized in Table 3
. All hydrogen atoms were positioned geometrically and refined isotropically using a riding model with C—H = 0.96 Å for CH3 groups, 0.97 Å for CH2 groups, and 0.93 Å for CH groups. The isotropic displacement parameters were set at Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(C) for methyl hydrogens and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C) for all other hydrogen atoms.
|
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 2539018
contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989026002860/vu2017sup1.cif
Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989026002860/vu2017Isup2.hkl
Scheme of the synthesis of the title compound. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989026002860/vu2017sup3.tif
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989026002860/vu2017Isup4.cml
| C19H21N5O4 | F(000) = 808 |
| Mr = 383.41 | Dx = 1.329 Mg m−3 |
| Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
| a = 13.8701 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 3164 reflections |
| b = 8.3233 (3) Å | θ = 2.5–28.2° |
| c = 16.6408 (6) Å | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
| β = 94.279 (3)° | T = 293 K |
| V = 1915.76 (12) Å3 | Prism, clear light colourless |
| Z = 4 | 0.3 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm |
| Xcalibur, Eos diffractometer | 2258 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed X-ray tube, Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source | 1846 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.017 |
| Detector resolution: 16.1593 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 29.3°, θmin = 2.5° |
| ω scans | h = −17→19 |
| Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2025) | k = −10→9 |
| Tmin = 0.988, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −21→22 |
| 6654 measured reflections |
| Refinement on F2 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
| Least-squares matrix: full | H-atom parameters constrained |
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0553P)2 + 0.863P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
| wR(F2) = 0.121 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.21 e Å−3 |
| 2258 reflections | Δρmin = −0.15 e Å−3 |
| 131 parameters | Extinction correction: SHELXL-2019/2 (Sheldrick 2015b), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
| 0 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 0.0103 (11) |
| Primary atom site location: dual |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
| x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
| O1 | 0.12747 (8) | 0.67265 (14) | 0.53552 (7) | 0.0531 (3) | |
| N1 | 0.500000 | 0.37887 (19) | 0.750000 | 0.0334 (4) | |
| N2 | 0.35918 (8) | 0.38495 (14) | 0.66370 (7) | 0.0362 (3) | |
| O2 | 0.19474 (10) | 0.82118 (15) | 0.63654 (8) | 0.0689 (4) | |
| N3 | 0.31854 (9) | 0.31425 (15) | 0.59446 (8) | 0.0455 (3) | |
| C4 | 0.32038 (9) | 0.53186 (16) | 0.67745 (8) | 0.0336 (3) | |
| C5 | 0.25205 (10) | 0.55721 (17) | 0.61385 (8) | 0.0375 (3) | |
| C1 | 0.43158 (9) | 0.29526 (17) | 0.70887 (8) | 0.0356 (3) | |
| C6 | 0.25485 (11) | 0.41904 (19) | 0.56543 (9) | 0.0450 (4) | |
| H6 | 0.215840 | 0.403902 | 0.518117 | 0.054* | |
| C7 | 0.34643 (11) | 0.63313 (18) | 0.74956 (9) | 0.0428 (4) | |
| H7A | 0.339730 | 0.571246 | 0.797503 | 0.064* | |
| H7B | 0.304232 | 0.724593 | 0.749239 | 0.064* | |
| H7C | 0.412121 | 0.668872 | 0.748431 | 0.064* | |
| C8 | 0.19070 (11) | 0.69797 (18) | 0.59872 (9) | 0.0422 (4) | |
| C2 | 0.42718 (12) | 0.12910 (19) | 0.70670 (10) | 0.0507 (4) | |
| H2 | 0.377389 | 0.075376 | 0.677365 | 0.061* | |
| C3 | 0.500000 | 0.0471 (3) | 0.750000 | 0.0602 (7) | |
| H3 | 0.500001 | −0.064607 | 0.749999 | 0.072* | |
| C9 | 0.05946 (13) | 0.7998 (2) | 0.51338 (10) | 0.0561 (5) | |
| H9A | 0.093542 | 0.898624 | 0.503183 | 0.067* | |
| H9B | 0.017386 | 0.818789 | 0.556416 | 0.067* | |
| C10 | 0.00211 (15) | 0.7460 (3) | 0.43922 (12) | 0.0757 (6) | |
| H10A | 0.044512 | 0.728822 | 0.396993 | 0.113* | |
| H10B | −0.044625 | 0.826846 | 0.422786 | 0.113* | |
| H10C | −0.030589 | 0.647511 | 0.449980 | 0.113* |
| U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
| O1 | 0.0482 (6) | 0.0533 (7) | 0.0554 (7) | 0.0152 (5) | −0.0126 (5) | −0.0053 (5) |
| N1 | 0.0312 (8) | 0.0322 (8) | 0.0365 (8) | 0.000 | −0.0007 (6) | 0.000 |
| N2 | 0.0338 (6) | 0.0347 (6) | 0.0389 (6) | 0.0012 (5) | −0.0048 (5) | −0.0082 (5) |
| O2 | 0.0894 (10) | 0.0520 (8) | 0.0620 (8) | 0.0260 (7) | −0.0153 (7) | −0.0174 (6) |
| N3 | 0.0445 (7) | 0.0438 (7) | 0.0459 (7) | 0.0054 (6) | −0.0125 (6) | −0.0168 (5) |
| C4 | 0.0322 (7) | 0.0317 (7) | 0.0369 (7) | −0.0019 (5) | 0.0018 (5) | −0.0033 (5) |
| C5 | 0.0341 (7) | 0.0392 (8) | 0.0385 (7) | 0.0012 (6) | −0.0011 (5) | −0.0060 (6) |
| C1 | 0.0342 (7) | 0.0348 (7) | 0.0372 (7) | 0.0003 (5) | −0.0003 (6) | −0.0032 (5) |
| C6 | 0.0399 (8) | 0.0477 (9) | 0.0453 (8) | 0.0045 (6) | −0.0110 (6) | −0.0129 (7) |
| C7 | 0.0487 (8) | 0.0381 (8) | 0.0405 (8) | 0.0033 (6) | −0.0042 (6) | −0.0079 (6) |
| C8 | 0.0425 (8) | 0.0454 (9) | 0.0386 (7) | 0.0067 (6) | 0.0023 (6) | −0.0028 (6) |
| C2 | 0.0522 (9) | 0.0356 (8) | 0.0615 (10) | −0.0038 (7) | −0.0137 (8) | −0.0054 (7) |
| C3 | 0.0675 (16) | 0.0306 (12) | 0.0790 (17) | 0.000 | −0.0187 (13) | 0.000 |
| C9 | 0.0505 (9) | 0.0638 (11) | 0.0537 (9) | 0.0222 (8) | 0.0017 (8) | 0.0101 (8) |
| C10 | 0.0643 (12) | 0.0864 (15) | 0.0725 (13) | 0.0117 (11) | −0.0204 (10) | 0.0125 (11) |
| O1—C8 | 1.3349 (18) | C6—H6 | 0.9300 |
| O1—C9 | 1.4469 (19) | C7—H7A | 0.9600 |
| N1—C1i | 1.3253 (15) | C7—H7B | 0.9600 |
| N1—C1 | 1.3253 (15) | C7—H7C | 0.9600 |
| N2—N3 | 1.3766 (15) | C2—H2 | 0.9300 |
| N2—C4 | 1.3622 (17) | C2—C3 | 1.3770 (19) |
| N2—C1 | 1.4206 (17) | C3—H3 | 0.9300 |
| O2—C8 | 1.2024 (18) | C9—H9A | 0.9700 |
| N3—C6 | 1.3080 (19) | C9—H9B | 0.9700 |
| C4—C5 | 1.3832 (18) | C9—C10 | 1.487 (3) |
| C4—C7 | 1.4886 (18) | C10—H10A | 0.9600 |
| C5—C6 | 1.406 (2) | C10—H10B | 0.9600 |
| C5—C8 | 1.459 (2) | C10—H10C | 0.9600 |
| C1—C2 | 1.385 (2) | ||
| C8—O1—C9 | 117.56 (13) | H7B—C7—H7C | 109.5 |
| C1—N1—C1i | 116.65 (16) | O1—C8—C5 | 110.47 (12) |
| N3—N2—C1 | 116.58 (11) | O2—C8—O1 | 123.32 (14) |
| C4—N2—N3 | 112.47 (11) | O2—C8—C5 | 126.21 (14) |
| C4—N2—C1 | 130.95 (11) | C1—C2—H2 | 121.6 |
| C6—N3—N2 | 104.31 (11) | C3—C2—C1 | 116.88 (15) |
| N2—C4—C5 | 105.37 (11) | C3—C2—H2 | 121.6 |
| N2—C4—C7 | 124.65 (12) | C2—C3—C2i | 120.6 (2) |
| C5—C4—C7 | 129.91 (13) | C2—C3—H3 | 119.7 |
| C4—C5—C6 | 105.49 (12) | C2i—C3—H3 | 119.7 |
| C4—C5—C8 | 127.74 (13) | O1—C9—H9A | 110.4 |
| C6—C5—C8 | 126.76 (13) | O1—C9—H9B | 110.4 |
| N1—C1—N2 | 116.61 (12) | O1—C9—C10 | 106.82 (16) |
| N1—C1—C2 | 124.50 (13) | H9A—C9—H9B | 108.6 |
| C2—C1—N2 | 118.89 (12) | C10—C9—H9A | 110.4 |
| N3—C6—C5 | 112.36 (12) | C10—C9—H9B | 110.4 |
| N3—C6—H6 | 123.8 | C9—C10—H10A | 109.5 |
| C5—C6—H6 | 123.8 | C9—C10—H10B | 109.5 |
| C4—C7—H7A | 109.5 | C9—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
| C4—C7—H7B | 109.5 | H10A—C10—H10B | 109.5 |
| C4—C7—H7C | 109.5 | H10A—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
| H7A—C7—H7B | 109.5 | H10B—C10—H10C | 109.5 |
| H7A—C7—H7C | 109.5 | ||
| N1—C1—C2—C3 | −0.6 (2) | C1i—N1—C1—N2 | −178.96 (14) |
| N2—N3—C6—C5 | −0.20 (18) | C1i—N1—C1—C2 | 0.32 (12) |
| N2—C4—C5—C6 | 0.23 (15) | C1—N2—N3—C6 | 179.43 (12) |
| N2—C4—C5—C8 | −178.84 (14) | C1—N2—C4—C5 | −179.27 (13) |
| N2—C1—C2—C3 | 178.64 (11) | C1—N2—C4—C7 | −2.0 (2) |
| N3—N2—C4—C5 | −0.37 (16) | C1—C2—C3—C2i | 0.29 (10) |
| N3—N2—C4—C7 | 176.90 (13) | C6—C5—C8—O1 | 6.9 (2) |
| N3—N2—C1—N1 | 149.52 (12) | C6—C5—C8—O2 | −172.99 (17) |
| N3—N2—C1—C2 | −29.80 (19) | C7—C4—C5—C6 | −176.84 (15) |
| C4—N2—N3—C6 | 0.36 (17) | C7—C4—C5—C8 | 4.1 (3) |
| C4—N2—C1—N1 | −31.6 (2) | C8—O1—C9—C10 | 176.62 (15) |
| C4—N2—C1—C2 | 149.05 (16) | C8—C5—C6—N3 | 179.07 (14) |
| C4—C5—C6—N3 | −0.02 (18) | C9—O1—C8—O2 | −1.4 (2) |
| C4—C5—C8—O1 | −174.22 (14) | C9—O1—C8—C5 | 178.68 (13) |
| C4—C5—C8—O2 | 5.9 (3) |
| Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, y, −z+3/2. |
| D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
| C7—H7B···O2 | 0.96 | 2.46 (1) | 3.134 (2) | 127 (1) |
| C7—H7A···O2 | 0.96 | 2.42 (1) | 3.290 (2) | 151 (1) |
| C6—H6···N3ii | 0.93 | 2.63 (1) | 3.388 (2) | 140 (1) |
| Symmetry code: (ii) −x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
Vadym Pavlenko is grateful to the II European Chemistry School for Ukrainians for providing a comprehensive overview of current trends in European chemical science (https://acmin.agh.edu.pl/en/detail/s/ii-european-chemistry-school-for-ukrainians). The authors also are grateful to the FAIRE programme provided by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) for the opportunity to use the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and associated software.
Funding information
Funding for this research was provided by: The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine through grant No. 24DF037-04N (RN/61-2024).
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