research communications\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2,6-bis­­[4-(eth­­oxy­carbon­yl)-5-methyl­pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine

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aTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 str., Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, bI. F. Lab Ltd., Representative of Life Chemicals Inc., Kyiv, Ukraine, 5 Academician Kukhar St., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, and cDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd, Iasi 700506, Romania
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by F. Di Salvo, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (Received 29 December 2025; accepted 18 March 2026; online 24 March 2026)

The title compound (systematic name: ethyl 1-{6-[4-(eth­oxy­carbon­yl)-5-methyl­pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl}-5-methyl­pyrazole-4-carboxyl­ate), C19H21N5O4, consists of a central pyridine ring substituted by two functionalized pyrazole rings and crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group C2/c. The pyridine–pyrazole and pyrazole–pyrazole dihedral angles are 30.55 (5) and 50.81 (8)°, respectively, indicating significant deviations from coplanarity. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol­ecular conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules form columns along the c-axis, but large centroid separations and offsets between parallel pyridine rings contribute to the absence of ππ stacking. Inter­molecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that H⋯H contacts dominate the packing (49.9%), with hydrogen-involving inter­actions contributing over 90% of all contacts. The mol­ecular shape is moderately anisotropic, with globularity and asphericity values of 0.677 and 0.395, respectively. These results highlight the key role of hydrogen-based inter­actions in directing the supra­molecular organization and crystal cohesion.

1. Chemical context

Complexes based on the ligand 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine attract attention due to their application in coordination chemistry (Halcrow & Kilner, 2003View full citation; Jia, 2011View full citation). In particular, iron complexes exhibit catalytic activity (Magubane et al., 2016View full citation), cross-spin behavior (Pritchard et al., 2009View full citation), and manifestations of the Jahn-Teller effect (Kershaw Cook et al., 2015View full citation). Iron(II) complexes with diethyl 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-di­yl)bis(1H-pyrazole-4-carboxyl­ate) demonstrate spin crossover properties that can be induced thermally and by light through the LIESST (light-induced excited spin state trapping) mechanism (García-López et al., 2023View full citation). Moreover, the spin state can be reversibly modulated by guest mol­ecules such as MeNO2, MeCN, Me2CO, and MeCOOH. Considering the coordination versatility and functional potential of pyrazolyl­pyridine ligands, we aimed to design and synthesize a novel methyl-substituted derivative of 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine and to investigate its structural features using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

[Scheme 1]

2. Structural commentary

In the title compound, C19H21N5O4, the polycyclic system is composed of three parts: one central pyridine ring substituted by two functionalized pyrazole rings (Fig. 1[link]). The mol­ecule is centrosymmetric with a crystallographic twofold rotation axis (C2) passing through the N1 and C3 atoms of the central pyridine ring. The dihedral angle between the planes of the pyridine ring and the adjacent pyrazole fragment is 30.55 (5)°, indicating a significant deviation from coplanarity between the two aromatic systems. The dihedral angle between the planes containing two pyrazole rings is 50.81 (8)°. Furthermore, the distance between the centroids of the pyridine ring plane (C1–C3, N1) and one of the pyrazole ring planes (C4–C6, N2, N3) is 3.8535 (7) Å, whereas the centroid-to-centroid distance between the two symmetrically positioned pyrazole moieties is 6.6980 (12) Å. The C8=O2 and C8—O1 bond lengths of 1.2024 (12) and 1.3349 (18) Å, respectively, are in the expected ranges (Cambridge Structural Database; Groom et al., 2016View full citation). The mol­ecule is stabilized by an intra­molecular C7—H7B⋯O2 hydrogen bond. Selected geometric parameters are given in Table 1[link].

Table 1
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °)

O1—C8 1.3349 (18) N2—C1 1.4206 (17)
N1—C1 1.3253 (15) O2—C8 1.2024 (18)
N2—N3 1.3766 (15)    
       
C1—N1—C1i 116.65 (16) C2—C1—N2 118.89 (12)
N3—N2—C1 116.58 (11) O2—C8—O1 123.32 (14)
C5—C4—C7 129.91 (13) O2—C8—C5 126.21 (14)
N1—C1—N2 116.61 (12)    
Symmetry code: (i) Mathematical equation.
[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level.

3. Supra­molecular features

In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are arranged in columns running along the crystallographic c-axis (Fig. 2[link]. Despite the parallel orientation of adjacent pyridine ring planes [twist angle = 0.00 (11)°], the centroid-to-centroid distance between them is 8.0879 (2) Å, and the offset is 6.924 (3) Å, which are significantly larger than the values typically associated with effective ππ stacking inter­actions. These structural parameters clearly indicate the absence of ππ stacking in the crystal. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 2[link]).

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
C7—H7B⋯O2 0.96 2.46 (1) 3.134 (2) 127 (1)
C7—H7A⋯O2 0.96 2.42 (1) 3.290 (2) 151 (1)
C6—H6⋯N3ii 0.93 2.63 (1) 3.388 (2) 140 (1)
Symmetry code: (ii) Mathematical equation.
[Figure 2]
Figure 2
Crystal packing of the title compound viewed along the crystallographic b axis. The planes of the pyridine and pyrazole rings are highlighted in red. All hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity.

4. Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database using the WebCSD inter­face (CSD version 2025.1, May 2025 release; Groom et al., 2016View full citation) for the C5N pyridine ring substituted in the 2- and 6-positions by C3N2 pyrazole rings, each bearing a –COO fragment at the 4-position, gave 27 hits. The most closely related structure is UGIPIM (Martinez–Martin et al., 2020View full citation), 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-di­yl)bis­(1H-pyrazole-4-carb­oxy­lic acid) aceto­nitrile solvate. Other similar compounds include coordination complexes of iron with this ligand: XORDEQ, and XORDIU (García-López et al., 2019View full citation), as well as a series of iron complexes with diethyl 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-di­yl)bis­(1H-pyrazole-4-carboxyl­ate) [MIHMID, MIHMUP, MIHNAW, MIHNIE, MIHPAY, MIHPEC, MIHPIG (García-López et al., 2023View full citation), TUFXOI (Pritchard et al., 2009View full citation)]. The vast majority of the complexes with the above-mentioned ligands are mononuclear species of the general formula MeL2.

5. Hirshfeld surface analysis

The Hirshfeld surface analysis and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots were performed using Crystal Explorer 21.5 software (Spackman et al., 2021View full citation), with a standard resolution of the three-dimensional dnorm surfaces plotted over a fixed colour scale of −0.2207 (red) to 1.2076 (blue) a.u. Eight red spots are observed on the dnorm surface. The four dark-red regions correspond to short inter­atomic contacts and reflect negative dnorm values, whereas the remaining four light-red spots indicate weaker inter­molecular inter­actions. The Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over dnorm are shown for the H⋯H, H⋯C/C⋯H, H⋯N/N⋯H, and H⋯O/O⋯H (Figs. 3[link] and 4[link]), the overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot and the decomposed two-dimensional fingerprint plots are given in Fig. 5[link]. The shortest inter­molecular contacts are two pairs of C7–H7A⋯O2 inter­actions with a length of 2.311 Å, which correspond to contacts between a methyl hydrogen atom of the pyrazole fragment and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the ester (COOEt) group of a neighboring mol­ecule. Considering the weak and predominantly electrostatic character of the inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, their contribution to the stabilization of the crystal packing is minor. Additionally, two pairs of C6—H6⋯N3 contacts measuring 2.512 Å are observed, representing inter­actions between the hydrogen and nitro­gen atoms of pyrazole fragments from adjacent mol­ecules. H⋯H contacts make 49.9% contribution, which is mostly associated with terminal positions of H atoms and is chemically insignificant. The most significant meaningful inter­actions to the overall crystal packing are from H⋯C/C⋯H (15.8%), H⋯N/N⋯H (14.3%), and H⋯O/O⋯H (12.6%) contacts. There is a small contribution from C⋯O/O⋯C (4.0%) and C⋯C (2.4%), O⋯O (0.4%) and O⋯N/N⋯O (0.5%) weak inter­molecular contacts. The relative percentage contributions to the overall Hirshfeld surface by elements: H⋯all atoms – 68.7%, C⋯all atoms – 13.3%, O⋯all atoms – 9.6% and N⋯all atoms – 8.4%. The data clearly highlight the dominant role of hydrogen-involving inter­actions in the formation and stabilization of the crystal packing. The overwhelming contribution from H⋯H and other hydrogen-related contacts accounts for over 90% of all inter­molecular inter­actions. These findings indicate that hydrogen-based inter­actions are the principal driving force behind the supra­molecular organization and efficient mol­ecular packing within the crystal lattice. The calculated qu­anti­tative physical properties of the Hirshfeld surface — mol­ecular volume (470.13 Å3), surface area (431.66 Å2), globularity (0.677), and asphericity (0.395) — provide insights into the mol­ecular shape and packing characteristics. The moderate asphericity value indicates a noticeable deviation from spherical symmetry, suggesting that the mol­ecular shape is somewhat elongated or irregular. In addition, the globularity value significantly below 1 implies that the mol­ecular surface is less compact and more complex than a perfect sphere. These parameters suggest an anisotropic and non-spherical mol­ecular shape, which correspondingly influences the packing of mol­ecules in the crystal.

[Figure 3]
Figure 3
View of the Hirshfeld surface mapped over dnorm for the title compound showing C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, indicated by green and yellow dashed lines, respectively.
[Figure 4]
Figure 4
Hirshfeld surface representations with the function dnorm plotted onto the surface for individual inter­actions.
[Figure 5]
Figure 5
The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot and those delineated into specified inter­actions.

6. Synthesis and crystallization

Ethyl 3-oxo­butano­ate (2.06 g, 15.8 mmol) and 1,1-dimeth­oxy-N,N-di­methyl­methanamine (2.56 g, 17.4 mmol) were placed in a round-bottom flask and refluxed for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, acetic acid (28 mL) and freshly prepared 2,6-dihydrazinyl­pyridine (Brien et al., 2006View full citation) (1.00 g, 7.2 mmol) were added, and the solution was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in di­chloro­methane. The organic layer was extracted twice with a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using a gradient of EtOAc/Hex (10:1 to 1:1, v/v). As a result, diethyl 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-di­yl)bis­(5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxyl­ate) was obtained as a yellow powder (2.4 g, 87%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloro­form-d) δ 8.13–7.99 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 4.34 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H, CH2), 2.90 (s, 6H, CH3), 1.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H, CH3); 13C NMR (101 MHz, chloro­form-d) δ 163.62, 150.97, 145.14, 142.86, 141.31, 116.62, 114.59, 60.29, 14.51, 13.17; m. p. 427 K;

Clear, pale-yellow prismatic crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from an Et2O/CH2Cl2 solution by evaporation in the open air.

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3[link]. All hydrogen atoms were positioned geometrically and refined isotropically using a riding model with C—H = 0.96 Å for CH3 groups, 0.97 Å for CH2 groups, and 0.93 Å for CH groups. The isotropic displacement parameters were set at Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(C) for methyl hydrogens and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C) for all other hydrogen atoms.

Table 3
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula C19H21N5O4
Mr 383.41
Crystal system, space group Monoclinic, C2/c
Temperature (K) 293
a, b, c (Å) 13.8701 (5), 8.3233 (3), 16.6408 (6)
β (°) 94.279 (3)
V3) 1915.76 (12)
Z 4
Radiation type Mo Kα
μ (mm−1) 0.10
Crystal size (mm) 0.3 × 0.2 × 0.2
 
Data collection
Diffractometer Xcalibur, Eos
Absorption correction Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2025View full citation)
Tmin, Tmax 0.988, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections 6654, 2258, 1846
Rint 0.017
(sin θ/λ)max−1) 0.689
 
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.047, 0.121, 1.06
No. of reflections 2258
No. of parameters 131
H-atom treatment H-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) 0.21, −0.15
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2025View full citation), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015aView full citation), SHELXL2019/3 (Sheldrick, 2015bView full citation) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009View full citation).

Supporting information


Computing details top

Ethyl 1-{6-[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]\ pyridin-2-yl}-5-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate top
Crystal data top
C19H21N5O4F(000) = 808
Mr = 383.41Dx = 1.329 Mg m3
Monoclinic, C2/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 13.8701 (5) ÅCell parameters from 3164 reflections
b = 8.3233 (3) Åθ = 2.5–28.2°
c = 16.6408 (6) ŵ = 0.10 mm1
β = 94.279 (3)°T = 293 K
V = 1915.76 (12) Å3Prism, clear light colourless
Z = 40.3 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm
Data collection top
Xcalibur, Eos
diffractometer
2258 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed X-ray tube, Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source1846 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.017
Detector resolution: 16.1593 pixels mm-1θmax = 29.3°, θmin = 2.5°
ω scansh = 1719
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2025)
k = 109
Tmin = 0.988, Tmax = 1.000l = 2122
6654 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: fullH-atom parameters constrained
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0553P)2 + 0.863P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
wR(F2) = 0.121(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
S = 1.06Δρmax = 0.21 e Å3
2258 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.15 e Å3
131 parametersExtinction correction: SHELXL-2019/2 (Sheldrick 2015b), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
0 restraintsExtinction coefficient: 0.0103 (11)
Primary atom site location: dual
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O10.12747 (8)0.67265 (14)0.53552 (7)0.0531 (3)
N10.5000000.37887 (19)0.7500000.0334 (4)
N20.35918 (8)0.38495 (14)0.66370 (7)0.0362 (3)
O20.19474 (10)0.82118 (15)0.63654 (8)0.0689 (4)
N30.31854 (9)0.31425 (15)0.59446 (8)0.0455 (3)
C40.32038 (9)0.53186 (16)0.67745 (8)0.0336 (3)
C50.25205 (10)0.55721 (17)0.61385 (8)0.0375 (3)
C10.43158 (9)0.29526 (17)0.70887 (8)0.0356 (3)
C60.25485 (11)0.41904 (19)0.56543 (9)0.0450 (4)
H60.2158400.4039020.5181170.054*
C70.34643 (11)0.63313 (18)0.74956 (9)0.0428 (4)
H7A0.3397300.5712460.7975030.064*
H7B0.3042320.7245930.7492390.064*
H7C0.4121210.6688720.7484310.064*
C80.19070 (11)0.69797 (18)0.59872 (9)0.0422 (4)
C20.42718 (12)0.12910 (19)0.70670 (10)0.0507 (4)
H20.3773890.0753760.6773650.061*
C30.5000000.0471 (3)0.7500000.0602 (7)
H30.5000010.0646070.7499990.072*
C90.05946 (13)0.7998 (2)0.51338 (10)0.0561 (5)
H9A0.0935420.8986240.5031830.067*
H9B0.0173860.8187890.5564160.067*
C100.00211 (15)0.7460 (3)0.43922 (12)0.0757 (6)
H10A0.0445120.7288220.3969930.113*
H10B0.0446250.8268460.4227860.113*
H10C0.0305890.6475110.4499800.113*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.0482 (6)0.0533 (7)0.0554 (7)0.0152 (5)0.0126 (5)0.0053 (5)
N10.0312 (8)0.0322 (8)0.0365 (8)0.0000.0007 (6)0.000
N20.0338 (6)0.0347 (6)0.0389 (6)0.0012 (5)0.0048 (5)0.0082 (5)
O20.0894 (10)0.0520 (8)0.0620 (8)0.0260 (7)0.0153 (7)0.0174 (6)
N30.0445 (7)0.0438 (7)0.0459 (7)0.0054 (6)0.0125 (6)0.0168 (5)
C40.0322 (7)0.0317 (7)0.0369 (7)0.0019 (5)0.0018 (5)0.0033 (5)
C50.0341 (7)0.0392 (8)0.0385 (7)0.0012 (6)0.0011 (5)0.0060 (6)
C10.0342 (7)0.0348 (7)0.0372 (7)0.0003 (5)0.0003 (6)0.0032 (5)
C60.0399 (8)0.0477 (9)0.0453 (8)0.0045 (6)0.0110 (6)0.0129 (7)
C70.0487 (8)0.0381 (8)0.0405 (8)0.0033 (6)0.0042 (6)0.0079 (6)
C80.0425 (8)0.0454 (9)0.0386 (7)0.0067 (6)0.0023 (6)0.0028 (6)
C20.0522 (9)0.0356 (8)0.0615 (10)0.0038 (7)0.0137 (8)0.0054 (7)
C30.0675 (16)0.0306 (12)0.0790 (17)0.0000.0187 (13)0.000
C90.0505 (9)0.0638 (11)0.0537 (9)0.0222 (8)0.0017 (8)0.0101 (8)
C100.0643 (12)0.0864 (15)0.0725 (13)0.0117 (11)0.0204 (10)0.0125 (11)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
O1—C81.3349 (18)C6—H60.9300
O1—C91.4469 (19)C7—H7A0.9600
N1—C1i1.3253 (15)C7—H7B0.9600
N1—C11.3253 (15)C7—H7C0.9600
N2—N31.3766 (15)C2—H20.9300
N2—C41.3622 (17)C2—C31.3770 (19)
N2—C11.4206 (17)C3—H30.9300
O2—C81.2024 (18)C9—H9A0.9700
N3—C61.3080 (19)C9—H9B0.9700
C4—C51.3832 (18)C9—C101.487 (3)
C4—C71.4886 (18)C10—H10A0.9600
C5—C61.406 (2)C10—H10B0.9600
C5—C81.459 (2)C10—H10C0.9600
C1—C21.385 (2)
C8—O1—C9117.56 (13)H7B—C7—H7C109.5
C1—N1—C1i116.65 (16)O1—C8—C5110.47 (12)
N3—N2—C1116.58 (11)O2—C8—O1123.32 (14)
C4—N2—N3112.47 (11)O2—C8—C5126.21 (14)
C4—N2—C1130.95 (11)C1—C2—H2121.6
C6—N3—N2104.31 (11)C3—C2—C1116.88 (15)
N2—C4—C5105.37 (11)C3—C2—H2121.6
N2—C4—C7124.65 (12)C2—C3—C2i120.6 (2)
C5—C4—C7129.91 (13)C2—C3—H3119.7
C4—C5—C6105.49 (12)C2i—C3—H3119.7
C4—C5—C8127.74 (13)O1—C9—H9A110.4
C6—C5—C8126.76 (13)O1—C9—H9B110.4
N1—C1—N2116.61 (12)O1—C9—C10106.82 (16)
N1—C1—C2124.50 (13)H9A—C9—H9B108.6
C2—C1—N2118.89 (12)C10—C9—H9A110.4
N3—C6—C5112.36 (12)C10—C9—H9B110.4
N3—C6—H6123.8C9—C10—H10A109.5
C5—C6—H6123.8C9—C10—H10B109.5
C4—C7—H7A109.5C9—C10—H10C109.5
C4—C7—H7B109.5H10A—C10—H10B109.5
C4—C7—H7C109.5H10A—C10—H10C109.5
H7A—C7—H7B109.5H10B—C10—H10C109.5
H7A—C7—H7C109.5
N1—C1—C2—C30.6 (2)C1i—N1—C1—N2178.96 (14)
N2—N3—C6—C50.20 (18)C1i—N1—C1—C20.32 (12)
N2—C4—C5—C60.23 (15)C1—N2—N3—C6179.43 (12)
N2—C4—C5—C8178.84 (14)C1—N2—C4—C5179.27 (13)
N2—C1—C2—C3178.64 (11)C1—N2—C4—C72.0 (2)
N3—N2—C4—C50.37 (16)C1—C2—C3—C2i0.29 (10)
N3—N2—C4—C7176.90 (13)C6—C5—C8—O16.9 (2)
N3—N2—C1—N1149.52 (12)C6—C5—C8—O2172.99 (17)
N3—N2—C1—C229.80 (19)C7—C4—C5—C6176.84 (15)
C4—N2—N3—C60.36 (17)C7—C4—C5—C84.1 (3)
C4—N2—C1—N131.6 (2)C8—O1—C9—C10176.62 (15)
C4—N2—C1—C2149.05 (16)C8—C5—C6—N3179.07 (14)
C4—C5—C6—N30.02 (18)C9—O1—C8—O21.4 (2)
C4—C5—C8—O1174.22 (14)C9—O1—C8—C5178.68 (13)
C4—C5—C8—O25.9 (3)
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y, z+3/2.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C7—H7B···O20.962.46 (1)3.134 (2)127 (1)
C7—H7A···O20.962.42 (1)3.290 (2)151 (1)
C6—H6···N3ii0.932.63 (1)3.388 (2)140 (1)
Symmetry code: (ii) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1.
 

Acknowledgements

Vadym Pavlenko is grateful to the II European Chemistry School for Ukrainians for providing a comprehensive overview of current trends in European chemical science (https://acmin.agh.edu.pl/en/detail/s/ii-european-chemistry-school-for-ukrainians). The authors also are grateful to the FAIRE programme provided by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) for the opportunity to use the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and associated software.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine through grant No. 24DF037-04N (RN/61-2024).

References

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