Figure 1
Notable temperatures in cryocrystallography. A vertical temperature scale is colored with four major regions marked: (i) dehydration, where crystals are damaged by drying, (ii) iceification, where crystals are damaged by ice formation when freezing, (iii) vitrification, where ice does not form when suitable cryoprotectants and adequate speed in flash-cooling are used, and (iv) data collection, where diffraction experiments are typically performed. Abbreviations used: m.p., melting point; f.p., freezing point; b.p., boiling point; STP, standard temperature and pressure. Glycerol solution temperature points are from Lane (1925). Ethylene glycol solution temperature points are from Cordray et al. (1996). Other temperature points are referred to in the text. |