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Figure 1
Sketch of the experimental setup. A liquid jet of krypton (3.5 µm diameter, 76 m s−1 velocity, 122 K exit temperature at the nozzle tip) was injected into a vacuum and subject to evaporative cooling. The formation of crystals was probed via femtosecond X-ray pulses (<100 fs, λ = 0.128 nm) focused down to 300 nm × 300 nm size. Scattering acquisitions were taken as a function of distance to the nozzle orifice, which translated to different times Δt after the onset of rapid cooling. Examples of scattering images (maximum per pixel) from Nf = 5, 100, and 34000 single acquisitions at Δt > 8.5 µs are displayed in the bottom row.

IUCrJ
Volume 12| Part 4| July 2025| Pages 462-471
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252525004063