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Figure 3
Structures of ATP synthase dimers. The membrane portion of the peripheral stalk in ATP synthase dimers consistently aligns with the membrane segment of the central stalk. The main difference between species is the angle between the ATP synthase monomers. The angle varies between ∼75° for S. cerevisiae and ∼96° for plants.

IUCrJ
Volume 12| Part 5| September 2025| Pages 563-569
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252525006220