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Figure 4
Flexibility of ATP synthase monomers in ATP synthase dimers. The ATP synthase dimer is not rigid, and the angle between two ATP synthase monomers in the dimer varies slightly. When only a single monomer of an aligned ATP synthase dimer is used as a reference (in this case that from S. cerevisiae), the resolution of the other monomer decreases and structural features, in particular the distinct α and β subunits of the catalytic F1 head, are blurred.

IUCrJ
Volume 12| Part 5| September 2025| Pages 563-569
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252525006220