Simulation of industrial furnacing with powder X-ray diffraction

By adapting a Guinier-Lenné high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction camera to include a gas rinsing system and a specially designed mini-environmental cell, the conditions of industrial furnacing can be more realistically simulated. These modifications are described together with an illustration of their successful use with ultramarine, a blue pigment produced by industrial furnacing. The method described is particularly suitable when problems of size scale and volatilization cannot otherwise be overcome.