Buy article online - an online subscription or single-article purchase is required to access this article.
The title compound, [PtCl
2(C
3H
9N)(NH
3)], was obtained from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) by a two-step route.
Ab initio crystal structure determination was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction techniques. Patterson and Fourier syntheses were used for the atom locations and the Rietveld technique for the final structure refinement. The Pt coordination is close to planar, with Cl atoms in a
cis orientation. Molecules are combined into groups of two molecules, with antiparallel PtN
2Cl
2 planes and a shortest Pt
Pt distance of 3.42 Å. The molecule groups are packed in a parquet motif into corrugated layers parallel to
ab. The molecules in the layers are linked by H—N
Cl hydrogen bonds.
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 612440
The synthesis of cis-amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II) involves the reaction of potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) with ammonium oxalate, followed by addition of a solution of isopropylamine in hydrochloric acid (Kazbanov et al., 1997). The yellow substance which precipitated was refined according to the method of Kazbanov et al. (2002), then filtered, washed and dried in air. [Please give brief details here of synthesis and purification, specifying quantities, solvents, etc.]
X-ray powder diffraction data have been deposited in the JCPDS-ICDD PDF2 database. Cell parameters were obtained from d spacings by indexing and refining using programs described in Visser (1969) and Kirik et al. (1979). The space group was determined from the analysis of systematic absences. The structural investigations were carried out using a full-profile structure analysis package based on a modified version of the Rietveld refinement program DBWS-9006PC [DBWM below?] (Wiles & Young, 1981). The intensities of 80 reflections were estimated from the powder pattern by means of the full-profile fitting procedure (Le Bail et al., 1988) and used in the Patterson synthesis. Pt and Cl atoms were located directly from the Patterson map. Positions of light atoms N and C were defined from Fourier synthesis. H atoms were not located, but they were included in the refined structure models and rigidly connected to their C and N atoms. The final refinement was carried out using the Rietveld method (Rietveld, 1969). The crystal structure data are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
Data collection: DRON-4 data collection software; cell refinement: POWDER (Kirik et al., 1979); data reduction: [Please provide missing details]; program(s) used to solve structure: DBWM (Wiles & Young, 1981), modified; program(s) used to refine structure: DBWM, modified; molecular graphics: XP (Siemens, 1989); software used to prepare material for publication: [Please provide missing details].
cis-Amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II)
top
Crystal data top
[PtCl2(C3H9N)(NH3)] | F(000) = 624.0 |
Mr = 342.14 | Cell parameters were obtained from the Rietveld refinement |
Monoclinic, P21/a | Dx = 2.647 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 2yab | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54056 Å |
a = 10.3661 (2) Å | T = 293 K |
b = 9.5622 (2) Å | Particle morphology: thin powder |
c = 9.1261 (2) Å | yellow |
β = 108.386 (1)° | flat sheet, 20.0 × 20.0 mm |
V = 858.43 (3) Å3 | Specimen preparation: Prepared at 293 K and 101 kPa, cooled at 0 K min−1 |
Z = 4 | |
Data collection top
DRON-4 powder diffractometer | Data collection mode: reflection |
Radiation source: conventional sealed tube | Scan method: step |
Graphite monochromator | 2θmin = 8.0°, 2θmax = 90.0°, 2θstep = 0.02° |
Specimen mounting: packed powder pellet | |
Refinement top
Refinement on F2 | Excluded region(s): none |
Least-squares matrix: full | Profile function: Pearson VII |
Rp = 0.083 | 58 parameters |
Rwp = 0.111 | 0 restraints |
Rexp = 0.086 | 0 constraints |
RBragg = 0.051 | H-atom parameters constrained |
R(F2) = 0.040 | Weighting scheme based on measured s.u.'s |
χ2 = 1.664 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.1 |
? data points | Preferred orientation correction: March-Dollase correction |
Crystal data top
[PtCl2(C3H9N)(NH3)] | β = 108.386 (1)° |
Mr = 342.14 | V = 858.43 (3) Å3 |
Monoclinic, P21/a | Z = 4 |
a = 10.3661 (2) Å | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54056 Å |
b = 9.5622 (2) Å | T = 293 K |
c = 9.1261 (2) Å | flat sheet, 20.0 × 20.0 mm |
Data collection top
DRON-4 powder diffractometer | Scan method: step |
Specimen mounting: packed powder pellet | 2θmin = 8.0°, 2θmax = 90.0°, 2θstep = 0.02° |
Data collection mode: reflection | |
Refinement top
Rp = 0.083 | ? data points |
Rwp = 0.111 | 58 parameters |
Rexp = 0.086 | 0 restraints |
RBragg = 0.051 | H-atom parameters constrained |
R(F2) = 0.040 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.1 |
χ2 = 1.664 | |
Special details top
Experimental. The structure determination was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction. The experimental data were collected on a DRON-4 automatic diffractometer, equipped with a secondary flat graphite monochromator in conjunction with a scintillation detector. Cu Kα radiation was used (λ1 = 1.54056 Å, λ2 = 1.54439 Å). The sample was prepared by top-loading the standard quartz sample holder with cutting the excess of well grained substance. The diffraction pattern was scanned with a step of 0.02° 2θ and counting time of 10 sec per step in the most informative angular range from 8° to 90% 2θ at ambient temperature. Corundum was used as the external standard. |
Refinement. R_prof-backgr = 0.106 |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top | x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | |
Pt | 0.8741 (2) | 0.1189 (2) | 0.9212 (2) | 0.0121* | |
Cl1 | 0.7855 (3) | −0.0658 (3) | 0.7508 (3) | 0.0202* | |
Cl2 | 0.7244 (3) | 0.0566 (3) | 1.0548 (3) | 0.0152* | |
C1 | 1.0593 (6) | 0.2042 (5) | 0.5908 (5) | 0.0256* | |
HC1A | 1.0342 (6) | 0.2305 (5) | 0.4839 (5) | 0.1267* | |
HC1B | 1.1374 (6) | 0.2572 (5) | 0.6487 (5) | 0.1267* | |
HC1C | 1.0806 (6) | 0.1063 (5) | 0.6009 (5) | 0.1267* | |
C2 | 0.9405 (6) | 0.2343 (5) | 0.6529 (5) | 0.0393* | |
HC2A | 0.8582 (6) | 0.1849 (5) | 0.6006 (5) | 0.1267* | |
C3 | 0.9203 (6) | 0.3892 (5) | 0.6858 (6) | 0.0316* | |
HC3A | 0.8742 (6) | 0.4361 (5) | 0.5907 (6) | 0.1267* | |
HC3B | 0.8669 (6) | 0.3959 (5) | 0.7544 (6) | 0.1267* | |
HC3C | 1.0073 (6) | 0.4322 (5) | 0.7328 (6) | 0.1267* | |
N1 | 0.9425 (7) | 0.2832 (5) | 1.0638 (6) | 0.0519* | |
HN1A | 0.8896 (7) | 0.3592 (5) | 1.0568 (6) | 0.1267* | |
HN1B | 1.0250 (7) | 0.3305 (5) | 1.0752 (6) | 0.1267* | |
HN1C | 0.9759 (7) | 0.2505 (5) | 1.1641 (6) | 0.1267* | |
N2 | 1.0153 (7) | 0.1812 (4) | 0.8198 (6) | 0.0345* | |
HN2A | 1.0920 (7) | 0.2220 (4) | 0.8800 (6) | 0.1267* | |
HN2B | 1.0500 (7) | 0.0950 (4) | 0.7980 (6) | 0.1267* | |
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Pt—N2 | 2.051 (7) | N1—HN1A | 0.90 (1) |
Pt—N1 | 2.021 (3) | N1—HN1B | 0.94 (1) |
Pt—Cl1 | 2.341 (3) | C3—HC3A | 0.96 (1) |
Pt—Cl2 | 2.333 (3) | C3—HC3B | 0.96 (1) |
C1—C2 | 1.537 (9) | C3—HC3C | 0.96 (1) |
C2—C3 | 1.539 (7) | C1—HC1A | 0.96 (1) |
C2—N2 | 1.560 (7) | C1—HC1B | 0.96 (1) |
Pt—Pti | 3.418 (3) | C1—HC1C | 0.96 (1) |
N1—HN1C | 0.93 (1) | C2—HC2A | 0.96 (1) |
| | | |
Cl1—Pt—Cl2 | 88.18 (9) | HC1C—C1—C2 | 109.5 (5) |
N1—Pt—N2 | 84.8 (1) | HC1A—C1—C2 | 109.5 (6) |
Cl1—Pt—N2 | 96.1 (1) | HC1B—C1—C2 | 109.4 (6) |
Cl2—Pt—N1 | 91.0 (1) | C2—C3—HC3A | 109.5 (5) |
C1—C2—C3 | 115.3 (5) | C2—C3—HC3C | 109.4 (6) |
Pt—N1—HN1A | 120.0 (6) | C2—C3—HC3B | 109.4 (5) |
Pt—N1—HN1B | 124.4 (6) | HC2A—C2—C3 | 114.6 (6) |
Pt—N1—HN1C | 108.7 (5) | | |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data |
Chemical formula | [PtCl2(C3H9N)(NH3)] |
Mr | 342.14 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/a |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.3661 (2), 9.5622 (2), 9.1261 (2) |
β (°) | 108.386 (1) |
V (Å3) | 858.43 (3) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Cu Kα, λ = 1.54056 Å |
Specimen shape, size (mm) | Flat sheet, 20.0 × 20.0 |
|
Data collection |
Diffractometer | DRON-4 powder diffractometer |
Specimen mounting | Packed powder pellet |
Data collection mode | Reflection |
Scan method | Step |
2θ values (°) | 2θmin = 8.0 2θmax = 90.0 2θstep = 0.02 |
|
Refinement |
R factors and goodness of fit | Rp = 0.083, Rwp = 0.111, Rexp = 0.086, RBragg = 0.051, R(F2) = 0.040, χ2 = 1.664 |
No. of data points | ? |
No. of parameters | 58 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
(Δ/σ)max | 0.1 |
Selected geometric parameters (Å, º) topPt—N2 | 2.051 (7) | C1—C2 | 1.537 (9) |
Pt—N1 | 2.021 (3) | C2—C3 | 1.539 (7) |
Pt—Cl1 | 2.341 (3) | C2—N2 | 1.560 (7) |
Pt—Cl2 | 2.333 (3) | Pt—Pti | 3.418 (3) |
| | | |
Cl1—Pt—Cl2 | 88.18 (9) | Cl2—Pt—N1 | 91.0 (1) |
N1—Pt—N2 | 84.8 (1) | C1—C2—C3 | 115.3 (5) |
Cl1—Pt—N2 | 96.1 (1) | | |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+2. |
Subscribe to Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry
The full text of this article is available to subscribers to the journal.
If you have already registered and are using a computer listed in your registration details, please email
support@iucr.org for assistance.
Asymmetric diamminedichloroplatinum(II) complexes exhibit high anticancer activity. Such activity is also observed in cis-amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II) (Bradner et al., 1980; Hydes, 1981). The first evidence of asymmetric complex formation with amines was presented by Grinberg & Smolenskay (1961). The synthesis of cis-amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II) has been described by several workers (Hydes, 1981; Zhelegovskay & Fat'kin, 1986; Zhelegovskay et al., 1991). It consists of the chemical reaction of potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) with isopropylamine, followed by the refinement of the target product. The main synthetic difficulty stems from a requirement for a low level of impurities. High purity is important for medical applications, as well as for the measurement of the various physico-chemical properties of the substance. Successful investigation of the compound is strongly dependent upon reliable methods of identification; the purity of cis-amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II) has been estimated by elemental chemical analysis, IR spectroscopy, chromatography and conductometry and, since these are not direct methods of identification, errors are possible. An attempt to use X-ray diffraction for cis-amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II) was described by Zhelegovskay et al. (1991). However, the X-ray reference diffraction data they obtained were of low reliability because of the absence of crystallographic data. With regard to the problem of crystallographic investigation of ammine halogen platinates, it is pertinent to mention that the structure of trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum was defined by Porai-Koshits (1954) and redefined by Milburn & Truter (1966). These last authors also determined the structure of α-cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (Milburn & Truter, 1966). However, β-cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum, the well known pharmaceutical preparation cisplatin, has not been structurally described to date (ICSD, 2005). In the present paper, the results of a crystal structure determination of cis-amminedichloroisopropylamineplatinum(II), (I), performed using the X-ray powder diffraction method, are presented.
The powder pattern of (I) is presented in Fig. 1. The crystal structure of (I) is of the molecular type. The geometry of the molecule is presented in Fig. 2. Atoms N1, N2,Cl1, Cl2 and Pt form a slightly distorted plane. The distances Pt—N and Pt—Cl (Table 2) agree with known values from the literature (Wells, 1984; Allen, 2002; ICSD, 2005). The isopropylamine ligand induces a more distorted square-planar Pt coordination than ammine (Milburn & Truter, 1966). Isopropylamine does not connect to other molecules by hydrogen bonds. Thus, the distortion is a result of the difference in volume of ammine and isopropylamine.
Molecules of (I) are combined into groups of two with antiparallel PtN2Cl2 planes. The shortest Pt···Pt distance in the group is 3.42 Å (Fig. 3), which is very close to the value observed in cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (3.41 Å; Milburn & Truter, 1966). However, the overall molecular arrangements in these structures are different. In contrast with the columnar packed structure observed in the flat cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], in the structure of (I) the groups of two molecules are packed in a parquet motif into a corrugated layer parallel to ab (Fig. 3).
The molecules of (I) are linked into layers by hydrogen bonds of the N—H···Cl type. The probable candidates for hydrogen bonds, with Cl···N distances of 3.13 and 3.53 Å, are shown in Fig. 3. The arrangement of the layers in the structure is shown in Fig. 4. Bulk isopropylamine ligands project above and below each layer. There are no hydrogen bonds between layers.