Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055aIsup2.hkl | |
MDL mol file https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055aIsup5.mol | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055bIsup3.hkl | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055bIRTsup4.hkl | |
Chemical Markup Language (CML) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055aIsup6.cml | |
Chemical Markup Language (CML) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055bIsup7.cml | |
Chemical Markup Language (CML) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827011203805X/em3055bIRTsup8.cml |
CCDC references: 852796; 906585; 906586; 906587
For related literature, see: Allen (2002); Braga & Grepioni (2005); Dunitz (1995); Garcia-Garibay (2007); Gavezzotti (1983); Gavezzotti & Filippini (1995); Herbstein (2006); Hofmann (2002); Merz et al. (2009); Mnyukh (2001); Morawetz et al. (1963); Wu et al. (2012).
The synthesis of (I) is described by Wu et al. (2012). o-EtO2CC═CC6H4C(═O)C≡CBu-n (0.15 mmol) was added to a solution of Pd(OAc)2 (10 mol%) and LiCl (4 equivalents) in acetic acid (3 ml). The mixture was stirred at 333 K in air until all the enyne was consumed (as monitored by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy, GC–MS), then cooled and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to give (I). X-ray quality crystals of polymorph α-(I) were grown by solvent diffusion: a diethyl ether solution of (I) was placed in an open 10 ml vial within a closed 50 ml vial containing n-hexane.
Methyl groups were refined as rigid bodies rotating around the C—C bonds, with C—H = 0.98 Å. All other H atoms were treated as riding in idealized positions, with Csp2—H = 0.93 and Csp3—H = 0.97 Å at 293 K, and 0.95 and 0.99 Å, respectively, at 120 K. The Uiso(H) values for the methyl H atoms in β-(I) were refined, while in α-(I) they were constrained to 1.5Ueq(C), or 1.2Ueq(C) for non-methyl H atoms.
In recent decades, crystal-to-crystal transformations, both physical and chemical, of organic and organometallic compounds have moved from being a crystallographic curiosity (Morawetz et al., 1963) to a focus of intense theoretical and applied interest (Dunitz, 1995; Gavezzotti & Filippini, 1995; Braga & Grepioni, 2005; Garcia-Garibay, 2007). Important aspects of the mechanism are still in dispute (Mnyukh, 2001; Herbstein, 2006; Merz et al., 2009), hence the significance of closely investigating new examples of these transformations. The titl compound, (I), which was obtained during our studies of palladium(II)-catalysed electrophilic cyclization of electron-deficient enynes (Wu et al., 2012), presents such an example.
Crystals of the α-polymorph of (I) were grown at room temperature by diffusion of n-hexane into an Et2O solution of (I). The structure is triclinic. The indeno[2,1-c]pyran-3,9-dione (ipd) system is planar and the n-butyl side-chain is disordered between two alternative conformations, viz. all-trans (A) and trans–gauche (B), with occupancies of 0.720 (4) and 0.280 (4), respectively. For the major conformation, atoms C12, C13, C14A, C15A and C16A are practically coplanar; their mean plane is inclined to the ipd plane by 60.7° (Fig. 1). For the minor conformation, the mean plane formed by atoms C12, C13, C14B and C15B is practically perpendicular to the ipd plane (interplanar angle = 89.0°), while the plane formed by atoms C14B, C15B and C16B is inclined to the latter by 31.6°. However, the mean vector of the C12–C16 chain has a similar direction in both cases, which differ by 6.6° and are inclined to the ipd plane by 26.3° for the major conformation and by 22.7° for the minor conformation.
The phase transition occurs on cooling below ca 240 K. It usually results in fracturing of the crystal, and always in its violent swinging on the mount, even when glued apparently rigidly with epoxy resin. On one occasion, after slow cooling (at a rate of 10 K h-1 near the transition) with periodic annealing, a fragment of a fractured crystal which remained on the mount was found to be a single crystal of X-ray quality of the new β-polymorph, also triclinic. This crystal was cooled to 120 K and a full data set was collected. The same crystal was then warmed to room temperature without any further phase transformation being observed, and a second data set was collected at 293 K. The structures of β-(I) determined at 120 and 293 K are essentially identical. The side-chain is ordered in an all-trans conformation, in this case practically coplanar with the ipd system (Fig. 1). At room temperature, β-(I) has a packing coefficient [calculated according to Gavezzotti (1983)] of 0.645, compared with a value of 0.615 for polymorph α-(I), and a correspondingly higher density (1.337 versus 1.276 Mg m-3). The thermal expansion coefficient of β-(I), 1.05 (3) × 10-4, is of the usual order of magnitude (Hofmann, 2002).
The crystal packing of polymorphs α-(I) and β-(I) is compared in Figs. 2 and 3. In both structures, molecules related via the a–b translation are practically coplanar, entirely for β-(I) or just as far as the ipd system is concerned in α-(I). In β-(I), the resulting planar ribbons form a slightly puckered layer (Fig. 3), whereas in α-(I) two adjacent ribbons are coplanar, but the next pair is shifted relative to them along the stacking direction. In both polymorphs, aromatic and aliphatic systems are segregated, which gives some leeway for the conformational realignment of the side-chains. However, the phase transition cannot be interpreted purely in terms of side-chains moving between stationary aromatic stacks, as there is also a very substantial shear between the aromatic systems. In fact, the layered appearance of the structures is somewhat deceptive. Although the mean interlayer separations are rather short [3.32 Å in α-(I) and 3.30 Å in β-(I) at 120 K], in neither structure is it possible to distinguish any meaningful stacks; only some fringe overlap between the aromatic systems of neighbouring layers is observed.
The absence of any rational relation between the unit cells of the two polymorphs, as well as the large intermolecular shifts required, suggest that the phase transition may be reconstructive (Mnyukh, 2001) rather than topotactic (Morawetz et al., 1963) and proceed through the usual process of nucleation and growth (Herbstein, 2006).
The crystal data of polymorph β-(I) at 120 K are reported without comment by Wu et al. (2012) [deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (Allen, 2002) as deposition number CCDC-852796].
For related literature, see: Allen (2002); Braga & Grepioni (2005); Dunitz (1995); Garcia-Garibay (2007); Gavezzotti (1983); Gavezzotti & Filippini (1995); Herbstein (2006); Hofmann (2002); Merz et al. (2009); Mnyukh (2001); Morawetz et al. (1963); Wu et al. (2012).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2001) for aI, bI; SMART (Bruker, 2003) for bIRT. For all compounds, cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2008); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2008); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).
C16H14O3 | F(000) = 268 |
Mr = 254.27 | Dx = 1.276 Mg m−3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Melting point: 373.7(5) K |
a = 4.6539 (6) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 10.1800 (12) Å | Cell parameters from 1209 reflections |
c = 14.3718 (17) Å | θ = 2.4–21.9° |
α = 82.481 (5)° | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
β = 88.127 (7)° | T = 293 K |
γ = 78.604 (6)° | Plate, colourless |
V = 661.71 (14) Å3 | 0.22 × 0.18 × 0.06 mm |
Z = 2 |
Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector diffractometer | 1137 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube | Rint = 0.063 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.4° |
Detector resolution: 5.6 pixels mm-1 | h = −5→5 |
ω scans | k = −12→12 |
5329 measured reflections | l = −16→17 |
2336 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.110 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.84 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0525P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2336 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
185 parameters | Δρmax = 0.10 e Å−3 |
15 restraints | Δρmin = −0.14 e Å−3 |
C16H14O3 | γ = 78.604 (6)° |
Mr = 254.27 | V = 661.71 (14) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 4.6539 (6) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 10.1800 (12) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
c = 14.3718 (17) Å | T = 293 K |
α = 82.481 (5)° | 0.22 × 0.18 × 0.06 mm |
β = 88.127 (7)° |
Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector diffractometer | 1137 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
5329 measured reflections | Rint = 0.063 |
2336 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041 | 15 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.110 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.84 | Δρmax = 0.10 e Å−3 |
2336 reflections | Δρmin = −0.14 e Å−3 |
185 parameters |
Experimental. The data collection nominally covered a full sphere of reciprocal space by a combination of 3 sets of ω scans each set at different φ angles and each scan (20 s exposure) covering -0.3° in ω. The crystal-to-detector distance was 4.83 cm. Phase transition occurs on cooling below 240 K. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. Methyl groups were refined as rigid bodies rotating around C—C bonds. Other H atoms: riding in idealized positions. The C14H2C15H2C16H3 chain is disordered between two conformations, A and B, with occupancies refined to 0.719 (4) and 0.281 (4), respectively. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
O1 | 0.3523 (3) | 0.63740 (14) | 0.18082 (11) | 0.0659 (4) | |
O2 | 0.0149 (4) | 0.66916 (15) | 0.07167 (11) | 0.0808 (5) | |
O3 | 1.0635 (4) | 0.33233 (18) | 0.32844 (13) | 0.0944 (6) | |
C1 | 0.2122 (5) | 0.5888 (2) | 0.11157 (16) | 0.0613 (6) | |
C2 | 0.3168 (4) | 0.4515 (2) | 0.09622 (15) | 0.0605 (6) | |
H2 | 0.2333 | 0.4150 | 0.0502 | 0.073* | |
C3 | 0.5361 (4) | 0.3755 (2) | 0.14912 (15) | 0.0553 (6) | |
C4 | 0.6816 (5) | 0.2336 (2) | 0.15088 (16) | 0.0614 (6) | |
C5 | 0.6375 (6) | 0.1373 (2) | 0.09593 (19) | 0.0799 (7) | |
H5 | 0.4982 | 0.1580 | 0.0485 | 0.096* | |
C6 | 0.8076 (7) | 0.0090 (3) | 0.1137 (2) | 0.0988 (9) | |
H6 | 0.7813 | −0.0574 | 0.0779 | 0.119* | |
C7 | 1.0139 (7) | −0.0220 (3) | 0.1830 (3) | 0.1012 (10) | |
H7 | 1.1254 | −0.1090 | 0.1930 | 0.121* | |
C8 | 1.0608 (6) | 0.0730 (3) | 0.2379 (2) | 0.0909 (8) | |
H8 | 1.2000 | 0.0510 | 0.2853 | 0.109* | |
C9 | 0.8918 (5) | 0.2016 (2) | 0.22028 (17) | 0.0677 (6) | |
C10 | 0.8990 (5) | 0.3235 (2) | 0.26654 (18) | 0.0681 (6) | |
C11 | 0.6686 (4) | 0.4301 (2) | 0.21968 (15) | 0.0552 (6) | |
C12 | 0.5754 (4) | 0.5593 (2) | 0.23414 (16) | 0.0598 (6) | |
C13 | 0.6839 (5) | 0.6342 (2) | 0.30300 (17) | 0.0765 (7) | |
H133 | 0.6784 | 0.7272 | 0.2762 | 0.092* | 0.281 (4) |
H134 | 0.8847 | 0.5931 | 0.3200 | 0.092* | 0.281 (4) |
H131 | 0.7652 | 0.7070 | 0.2684 | 0.092* | 0.719 (4) |
H132 | 0.8433 | 0.5735 | 0.3376 | 0.092* | 0.719 (4) |
C14A | 0.4626 (7) | 0.6900 (4) | 0.3742 (2) | 0.0757 (12) | 0.719 (4) |
H141 | 0.3919 | 0.6172 | 0.4127 | 0.091* | 0.719 (4) |
H142 | 0.2963 | 0.7466 | 0.3405 | 0.091* | 0.719 (4) |
C15A | 0.5944 (8) | 0.7680 (6) | 0.4391 (3) | 0.0920 (15) | 0.719 (4) |
H151 | 0.7571 | 0.7075 | 0.4721 | 0.110* | 0.719 (4) |
H152 | 0.6705 | 0.8404 | 0.4020 | 0.110* | 0.719 (4) |
C16A | 0.3720 (10) | 0.8233 (5) | 0.5098 (3) | 0.1216 (19) | 0.719 (4) |
H161 | 0.2142 | 0.8916 | 0.4823 | 0.182* | 0.719 (4) |
H162 | 0.4632 | 0.8585 | 0.5576 | 0.182* | 0.719 (4) |
H163 | 0.2961 | 0.7459 | 0.5375 | 0.182* | 0.719 (4) |
C14B | 0.501 (2) | 0.6185 (11) | 0.3917 (4) | 0.0757 (12) | 0.281 (4) |
H143 | 0.4911 | 0.5248 | 0.4124 | 0.091* | 0.281 (4) |
H144 | 0.3045 | 0.6656 | 0.3736 | 0.091* | 0.281 (4) |
C15B | 0.570 (3) | 0.6772 (10) | 0.4781 (7) | 0.0920 (15) | 0.281 (4) |
H153 | 0.4297 | 0.6567 | 0.5265 | 0.110* | 0.281 (4) |
H154 | 0.7645 | 0.6354 | 0.5013 | 0.110* | 0.281 (4) |
C16B | 0.537 (4) | 0.8293 (11) | 0.4678 (15) | 0.147 (7)* | 0.281 (4) |
H164 | 0.6907 | 0.8560 | 0.4279 | 0.220* | 0.281 (4) |
H165 | 0.5503 | 0.8576 | 0.5285 | 0.220* | 0.281 (4) |
H166 | 0.3505 | 0.8708 | 0.4407 | 0.220* | 0.281 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0630 (9) | 0.0575 (9) | 0.0773 (11) | −0.0027 (8) | −0.0093 (8) | −0.0207 (8) |
O2 | 0.0874 (11) | 0.0648 (11) | 0.0820 (12) | 0.0083 (9) | −0.0221 (10) | −0.0095 (9) |
O3 | 0.0820 (12) | 0.1039 (13) | 0.0927 (14) | −0.0030 (10) | −0.0290 (11) | −0.0117 (11) |
C1 | 0.0664 (15) | 0.0596 (15) | 0.0572 (15) | −0.0072 (13) | −0.0026 (12) | −0.0116 (12) |
C2 | 0.0702 (14) | 0.0562 (14) | 0.0561 (14) | −0.0095 (12) | −0.0045 (12) | −0.0138 (12) |
C3 | 0.0576 (13) | 0.0526 (13) | 0.0555 (14) | −0.0098 (11) | 0.0046 (12) | −0.0085 (11) |
C4 | 0.0665 (15) | 0.0519 (14) | 0.0650 (16) | −0.0088 (12) | 0.0083 (13) | −0.0106 (12) |
C5 | 0.0925 (18) | 0.0610 (16) | 0.0875 (19) | −0.0121 (14) | 0.0057 (15) | −0.0202 (14) |
C6 | 0.111 (2) | 0.0602 (18) | 0.125 (3) | −0.0116 (17) | 0.022 (2) | −0.0265 (17) |
C7 | 0.102 (2) | 0.0570 (18) | 0.134 (3) | 0.0024 (16) | 0.017 (2) | −0.0070 (19) |
C8 | 0.0825 (18) | 0.0688 (18) | 0.108 (2) | 0.0075 (15) | −0.0015 (16) | 0.0048 (16) |
C9 | 0.0661 (14) | 0.0552 (15) | 0.0766 (17) | −0.0044 (12) | 0.0069 (13) | −0.0029 (13) |
C10 | 0.0596 (15) | 0.0760 (16) | 0.0660 (17) | −0.0092 (13) | −0.0048 (13) | −0.0039 (14) |
C11 | 0.0526 (12) | 0.0551 (14) | 0.0573 (14) | −0.0069 (11) | −0.0002 (11) | −0.0111 (11) |
C12 | 0.0497 (12) | 0.0667 (15) | 0.0656 (16) | −0.0122 (12) | −0.0019 (12) | −0.0162 (13) |
C13 | 0.0616 (14) | 0.0807 (16) | 0.0917 (19) | −0.0108 (13) | −0.0077 (14) | −0.0307 (15) |
C14A | 0.0694 (19) | 0.081 (3) | 0.077 (2) | 0.001 (2) | −0.0139 (17) | −0.035 (2) |
C15A | 0.081 (2) | 0.126 (4) | 0.082 (3) | −0.030 (3) | −0.005 (2) | −0.042 (3) |
C16A | 0.109 (3) | 0.180 (5) | 0.097 (3) | −0.047 (3) | 0.015 (3) | −0.070 (3) |
C14B | 0.0694 (19) | 0.081 (3) | 0.077 (2) | 0.001 (2) | −0.0139 (17) | −0.035 (2) |
C15B | 0.081 (2) | 0.126 (4) | 0.082 (3) | −0.030 (3) | −0.005 (2) | −0.042 (3) |
O1—C12 | 1.365 (2) | C13—C14B | 1.518 (4) |
O1—C1 | 1.400 (2) | C13—H133 | 0.9699 |
O2—C1 | 1.206 (2) | C13—H134 | 0.9703 |
O3—C10 | 1.216 (3) | C13—H131 | 0.9699 |
C1—C2 | 1.430 (3) | C13—H132 | 0.9703 |
C2—C3 | 1.343 (3) | C14A—C15A | 1.517 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9301 | C14A—H141 | 0.9700 |
C3—C11 | 1.429 (3) | C14A—H142 | 0.9701 |
C3—C4 | 1.467 (3) | C15A—C16A | 1.508 (4) |
C4—C9 | 1.382 (3) | C15A—H151 | 0.9702 |
C4—C5 | 1.386 (3) | C15A—H152 | 0.9700 |
C5—C6 | 1.383 (3) | C16A—H161 | 0.9613 |
C5—H5 | 0.9302 | C16A—H162 | 0.9612 |
C6—C7 | 1.369 (4) | C16A—H163 | 0.9608 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C14B—C15B | 1.517 (4) |
C7—C8 | 1.379 (4) | C14B—H143 | 0.9701 |
C7—H7 | 0.9301 | C14B—H144 | 0.9701 |
C8—C9 | 1.384 (3) | C15B—C16B | 1.514 (4) |
C8—H8 | 0.9302 | C15B—H153 | 0.9702 |
C9—C10 | 1.489 (3) | C15B—H154 | 0.9701 |
C10—C11 | 1.475 (3) | C16B—H164 | 0.9600 |
C11—C12 | 1.342 (3) | C16B—H165 | 0.9600 |
C12—C13 | 1.483 (3) | C16B—H166 | 0.9600 |
C13—C14A | 1.510 (3) | ||
C12—O1—C1 | 123.03 (17) | C12—C13—H134 | 110.2 |
O2—C1—O1 | 115.3 (2) | C14A—C13—H134 | 122.0 |
O2—C1—C2 | 127.6 (2) | C14B—C13—H134 | 106.6 |
O1—C1—C2 | 117.1 (2) | H133—C13—H134 | 108.5 |
C3—C2—C1 | 119.4 (2) | C12—C13—H131 | 108.1 |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.3 | C14A—C13—H131 | 109.7 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.3 | C12—C13—H132 | 108.1 |
C2—C3—C11 | 121.07 (19) | C14A—C13—H132 | 107.3 |
C2—C3—C4 | 131.5 (2) | H131—C13—H132 | 107.3 |
C11—C3—C4 | 107.45 (19) | C13—C14A—C15A | 111.6 (3) |
C9—C4—C5 | 120.5 (2) | C13—C14A—H141 | 110.4 |
C9—C4—C3 | 109.2 (2) | C15A—C14A—H141 | 107.7 |
C5—C4—C3 | 130.3 (2) | C13—C14A—H142 | 108.2 |
C6—C5—C4 | 117.8 (3) | C15A—C14A—H142 | 111.2 |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.9 | H141—C14A—H142 | 107.7 |
C4—C5—H5 | 121.2 | C13—C14A—H144 | 114.7 |
C7—C6—C5 | 121.3 (3) | C16A—C15A—C14A | 111.3 (3) |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.4 | C16A—C15A—H151 | 109.0 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.4 | C14A—C15A—H151 | 108.6 |
C6—C7—C8 | 121.5 (3) | C16A—C15A—H152 | 110.6 |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.2 | C14A—C15A—H152 | 109.3 |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.3 | H151—C15A—H152 | 108.0 |
C7—C8—C9 | 117.5 (3) | C15B—C14B—C13 | 120.1 (8) |
C7—C8—H8 | 121.1 | C15B—C14B—H143 | 106.2 |
C9—C8—H8 | 121.4 | C13—C14B—H143 | 112.3 |
C4—C9—C8 | 121.4 (2) | C15B—C14B—H144 | 105.3 |
C4—C9—C10 | 109.5 (2) | C13—C14B—H144 | 104.7 |
C8—C9—C10 | 129.1 (2) | H143—C14B—H144 | 107.5 |
O3—C10—C11 | 128.1 (2) | C16B—C15B—C14B | 116.0 (12) |
O3—C10—C9 | 126.9 (2) | C16B—C15B—H153 | 104.8 |
C11—C10—C9 | 105.0 (2) | C14B—C15B—H153 | 107.4 |
C12—C11—C3 | 120.3 (2) | C16B—C15B—H154 | 109.4 |
C12—C11—C10 | 130.9 (2) | C14B—C15B—H154 | 111.0 |
C3—C11—C10 | 108.85 (19) | H153—C15B—H154 | 107.7 |
C11—C12—O1 | 119.1 (2) | C15B—C16B—H161 | 108.5 |
C11—C12—C13 | 128.4 (2) | C15B—C16B—H164 | 109.5 |
O1—C12—C13 | 112.44 (19) | C15B—C16B—H165 | 109.5 |
C12—C13—C14A | 116.1 (2) | H164—C16B—H165 | 109.5 |
C12—C13—C14B | 107.2 (4) | C15B—C16B—H166 | 109.5 |
C12—C13—H133 | 110.1 | H164—C16B—H166 | 109.5 |
C14A—C13—H133 | 86.7 | H165—C16B—H166 | 109.5 |
C14B—C13—H133 | 114.2 | ||
C11—C12—C13—C14A | −119.6 (3) | C11—C12—C13—C14B | −91.3 (5) |
C12—C13—C14A—C15A | −178.3 (3) | C12—C13—C14B—C15B | 176.4 (8) |
C13—C14A—C15A—C16A | 180.0 (5) | C13—C14B—C15B—C16B | 63.1 (17) |
C16H14O3 | F(000) = 268 |
Mr = 254.27 | Dx = 1.387 Mg m−3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Melting point: 373.7(5) K |
a = 5.3708 (2) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 7.2029 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 1676 reflections |
c = 16.9507 (8) Å | θ = 2.4–29.8° |
α = 96.461 (2)° | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
β = 93.246 (2)° | T = 120 K |
γ = 110.029 (2)° | Irregular, colourless |
V = 608.98 (4) Å3 | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm |
Z = 2 |
Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector diffractometer | 1491 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube | Rint = 0.047 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.2° |
Detector resolution: 5.6 pixels mm-1 | h = −6→6 |
ω scans | k = −8→8 |
5759 measured reflections | l = −20→20 |
2151 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.091 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.96 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0452P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2151 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
174 parameters | Δρmax = 0.18 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.21 e Å−3 |
C16H14O3 | γ = 110.029 (2)° |
Mr = 254.27 | V = 608.98 (4) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 5.3708 (2) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 7.2029 (3) Å | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
c = 16.9507 (8) Å | T = 120 K |
α = 96.461 (2)° | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm |
β = 93.246 (2)° |
Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector diffractometer | 1491 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
5759 measured reflections | Rint = 0.047 |
2151 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.091 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.96 | Δρmax = 0.18 e Å−3 |
2151 reflections | Δρmin = −0.21 e Å−3 |
174 parameters |
Experimental. The data collection nominally covered a full sphere of reciprocal space by a combination of 4 sets of ω scans each set at different φ and/or 2θ angles and each scan (20 s exposure) covering -0.3° in ω. The crystal to detector distance was 4.84 cm. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.3331 (2) | 0.67093 (18) | 0.29843 (7) | 0.0236 (3) | |
O2 | 0.5366 (2) | 0.71270 (19) | 0.42052 (7) | 0.0289 (3) | |
O3 | −0.2151 (2) | 0.86789 (19) | 0.14982 (7) | 0.0275 (3) | |
C1 | 0.3900 (4) | 0.7650 (3) | 0.37911 (10) | 0.0231 (4) | |
C2 | 0.2712 (3) | 0.9115 (3) | 0.40094 (10) | 0.0231 (4) | |
H2 | 0.3046 | 0.9803 | 0.4538 | 0.028* | |
C3 | 0.1122 (3) | 0.9510 (3) | 0.34607 (10) | 0.0206 (4) | |
C4 | −0.0241 (3) | 1.0975 (3) | 0.35064 (10) | 0.0208 (4) | |
C5 | −0.0283 (4) | 1.2378 (3) | 0.41299 (11) | 0.0252 (4) | |
H5 | 0.0681 | 1.2520 | 0.4634 | 0.030* | |
C6 | −0.1772 (4) | 1.3568 (3) | 0.39975 (11) | 0.0270 (5) | |
H6 | −0.1855 | 1.4520 | 0.4422 | 0.032* | |
C7 | −0.3154 (4) | 1.3399 (3) | 0.32539 (11) | 0.0257 (5) | |
H7 | −0.4145 | 1.4244 | 0.3178 | 0.031* | |
C8 | −0.3092 (4) | 1.2009 (3) | 0.26266 (11) | 0.0237 (4) | |
H8 | −0.4023 | 1.1890 | 0.2119 | 0.028* | |
C9 | −0.1631 (3) | 1.0795 (3) | 0.27606 (10) | 0.0202 (4) | |
C10 | −0.1218 (3) | 0.9212 (3) | 0.21951 (10) | 0.0212 (4) | |
C11 | 0.0560 (3) | 0.8461 (3) | 0.26607 (10) | 0.0203 (4) | |
C12 | 0.1700 (3) | 0.7116 (3) | 0.24340 (10) | 0.0212 (4) | |
C13 | 0.1431 (4) | 0.6016 (3) | 0.16156 (10) | 0.0271 (5) | |
H131 | 0.2245 | 0.7004 | 0.1258 | 0.032* | |
H132 | −0.0491 | 0.5401 | 0.1430 | 0.032* | |
C14 | 0.2644 (4) | 0.4394 (3) | 0.15111 (10) | 0.0238 (4) | |
H141 | 0.4586 | 0.4989 | 0.1669 | 0.029* | |
H142 | 0.1864 | 0.3390 | 0.1866 | 0.029* | |
C15 | 0.2150 (4) | 0.3371 (3) | 0.06527 (11) | 0.0308 (5) | |
H151 | 0.2864 | 0.4391 | 0.0298 | 0.037* | |
H152 | 0.0205 | 0.2744 | 0.0504 | 0.037* | |
C16 | 0.3418 (4) | 0.1780 (3) | 0.05116 (11) | 0.0312 (5) | |
H161 | 0.3027 | 0.1179 | −0.0050 | 0.041 (3)* | |
H162 | 0.2692 | 0.0745 | 0.0851 | 0.041 (3)* | |
H163 | 0.5351 | 0.2393 | 0.0644 | 0.041 (3)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0266 (7) | 0.0250 (7) | 0.0218 (7) | 0.0141 (6) | −0.0015 (5) | −0.0002 (6) |
O2 | 0.0320 (8) | 0.0337 (8) | 0.0265 (7) | 0.0200 (7) | −0.0032 (6) | 0.0030 (6) |
O3 | 0.0341 (8) | 0.0309 (8) | 0.0196 (7) | 0.0159 (6) | −0.0022 (6) | −0.0005 (6) |
C1 | 0.0240 (10) | 0.0232 (10) | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0074 (9) | 0.0008 (8) | 0.0009 (9) |
C2 | 0.0248 (10) | 0.0241 (10) | 0.0208 (10) | 0.0107 (9) | 0.0004 (8) | −0.0009 (8) |
C3 | 0.0205 (10) | 0.0192 (10) | 0.0214 (10) | 0.0061 (8) | 0.0029 (7) | 0.0018 (8) |
C4 | 0.0214 (10) | 0.0190 (10) | 0.0224 (10) | 0.0074 (8) | 0.0029 (8) | 0.0028 (8) |
C5 | 0.0284 (11) | 0.0245 (11) | 0.0231 (10) | 0.0113 (9) | 0.0003 (8) | 0.0001 (9) |
C6 | 0.0322 (11) | 0.0206 (11) | 0.0284 (11) | 0.0122 (9) | 0.0014 (9) | −0.0044 (9) |
C7 | 0.0266 (11) | 0.0223 (10) | 0.0323 (11) | 0.0134 (9) | 0.0042 (8) | 0.0046 (9) |
C8 | 0.0247 (10) | 0.0230 (10) | 0.0244 (10) | 0.0090 (9) | 0.0011 (8) | 0.0054 (9) |
C9 | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0211 (10) | 0.0075 (8) | 0.0022 (7) | 0.0032 (8) |
C10 | 0.0210 (10) | 0.0216 (10) | 0.0205 (10) | 0.0066 (8) | 0.0028 (8) | 0.0035 (8) |
C11 | 0.0205 (10) | 0.0209 (10) | 0.0192 (9) | 0.0073 (8) | 0.0010 (7) | 0.0021 (8) |
C12 | 0.0197 (10) | 0.0219 (10) | 0.0226 (10) | 0.0082 (8) | 0.0019 (7) | 0.0030 (8) |
C13 | 0.0314 (11) | 0.0302 (11) | 0.0221 (10) | 0.0164 (9) | 0.0000 (8) | −0.0026 (9) |
C14 | 0.0260 (10) | 0.0223 (10) | 0.0238 (10) | 0.0098 (8) | 0.0029 (8) | 0.0020 (8) |
C15 | 0.0349 (12) | 0.0352 (12) | 0.0254 (11) | 0.0194 (10) | −0.0013 (8) | −0.0031 (9) |
C16 | 0.0413 (12) | 0.0342 (12) | 0.0221 (10) | 0.0211 (10) | 0.0016 (9) | −0.0037 (9) |
O1—C12 | 1.367 (2) | C8—H8 | 0.9500 |
O1—C1 | 1.423 (2) | C9—C10 | 1.490 (2) |
O2—C1 | 1.206 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.481 (2) |
O3—C10 | 1.222 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.345 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.435 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.492 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.346 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.519 (2) |
C2—H2 | 0.9499 | C13—H131 | 0.9900 |
C3—C11 | 1.438 (2) | C13—H132 | 0.9900 |
C3—C4 | 1.473 (2) | C14—C15 | 1.520 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.385 (2) | C14—H141 | 0.9900 |
C4—C9 | 1.401 (2) | C14—H142 | 0.9900 |
C5—C6 | 1.384 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.525 (2) |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C15—H151 | 0.9901 |
C6—C7 | 1.397 (3) | C15—H152 | 0.9900 |
C6—H6 | 0.9500 | C16—H161 | 0.9800 |
C7—C8 | 1.386 (3) | C16—H162 | 0.9800 |
C7—H7 | 0.9499 | C16—H163 | 0.9800 |
C8—C9 | 1.388 (2) | ||
C12—O1—C1 | 123.11 (13) | C12—C11—C3 | 120.68 (15) |
O2—C1—O1 | 115.30 (15) | C12—C11—C10 | 130.43 (16) |
O2—C1—C2 | 128.03 (17) | C3—C11—C10 | 108.81 (14) |
O1—C1—C2 | 116.66 (15) | C11—C12—O1 | 118.92 (16) |
C3—C2—C1 | 119.63 (17) | C11—C12—C13 | 126.38 (16) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.2 | O1—C12—C13 | 114.68 (15) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.2 | C12—C13—C14 | 117.56 (15) |
C2—C3—C11 | 120.94 (16) | C12—C13—H131 | 107.9 |
C2—C3—C4 | 131.19 (17) | C14—C13—H131 | 107.9 |
C11—C3—C4 | 107.85 (14) | C12—C13—H132 | 107.9 |
C5—C4—C9 | 120.68 (17) | C14—C13—H132 | 107.9 |
C5—C4—C3 | 130.91 (16) | H131—C13—H132 | 107.2 |
C9—C4—C3 | 108.40 (15) | C13—C14—C15 | 111.58 (15) |
C6—C5—C4 | 118.08 (17) | C13—C14—H141 | 109.3 |
C6—C5—H5 | 121.0 | C15—C14—H141 | 109.3 |
C4—C5—H5 | 121.0 | C13—C14—H142 | 109.3 |
C5—C6—C7 | 121.45 (17) | C15—C14—H142 | 109.3 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.3 | H141—C14—H142 | 108.0 |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.3 | C14—C15—C16 | 113.51 (15) |
C8—C7—C6 | 120.55 (17) | C14—C15—H151 | 108.9 |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.7 | C16—C15—H151 | 108.9 |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.7 | C14—C15—H152 | 108.9 |
C7—C8—C9 | 118.13 (16) | C16—C15—H152 | 108.9 |
C7—C8—H8 | 120.9 | H151—C15—H152 | 107.7 |
C9—C8—H8 | 120.9 | C15—C16—H161 | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C4 | 121.10 (17) | C15—C16—H162 | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C10 | 128.99 (15) | H161—C16—H162 | 109.5 |
C4—C9—C10 | 109.90 (15) | C15—C16—H163 | 109.5 |
O3—C10—C11 | 128.33 (16) | H161—C16—H163 | 109.5 |
O3—C10—C9 | 126.65 (16) | H162—C16—H163 | 109.5 |
C11—C10—C9 | 105.02 (14) | ||
O1—C12—C13—C14 | 8.3 (2) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 177.91 (17) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | 178.49 (16) |
C16H14O3 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 254.27 | F(000) = 268 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.337 Mg m−3 |
a = 5.4330 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 7.2863 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 1474 reflections |
c = 17.0874 (9) Å | θ = 2.4–22.8° |
α = 97.426 (2)° | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
β = 92.884 (2)° | T = 293 K |
γ = 108.874 (2)° | Irregular, colourless |
V = 631.62 (6) Å3 | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm |
Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector diffractometer | 1138 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube | Rint = 0.039 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.2° |
Detector resolution: 5.6 pixels mm-1 | h = −6→6 |
ω scans | k = −8→8 |
6510 measured reflections | l = −20→20 |
2222 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.096 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.84 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0473P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2222 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
174 parameters | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.11 e Å−3 |
C16H14O3 | γ = 108.874 (2)° |
Mr = 254.27 | V = 631.62 (6) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 5.4330 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 7.2863 (4) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
c = 17.0874 (9) Å | T = 293 K |
α = 97.426 (2)° | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm |
β = 92.884 (2)° |
Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector diffractometer | 1138 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
6510 measured reflections | Rint = 0.039 |
2222 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.096 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.84 | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
2222 reflections | Δρmin = −0.11 e Å−3 |
174 parameters |
Experimental. The data collection nominally covered a full sphere of reciprocal space by a combination of 4 sets of ω scans each set at different φ and/or 2θ angles and each scan (20 s exposure) covering -0.3° in ω. The crystal to detector distance was 4.85 cm. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.3367 (3) | 0.6718 (2) | 0.29864 (8) | 0.0580 (4) | |
O2 | 0.5369 (3) | 0.7157 (2) | 0.41943 (9) | 0.0731 (5) | |
O3 | −0.2037 (3) | 0.8665 (2) | 0.15197 (9) | 0.0702 (5) | |
C1 | 0.3923 (4) | 0.7667 (3) | 0.37858 (13) | 0.0566 (6) | |
C2 | 0.2737 (4) | 0.9127 (3) | 0.40021 (12) | 0.0549 (6) | |
H2 | 0.3047 | 0.9805 | 0.4517 | 0.066* | |
C3 | 0.1170 (4) | 0.9515 (3) | 0.34585 (11) | 0.0481 (5) | |
C4 | −0.0197 (4) | 1.0962 (3) | 0.35063 (12) | 0.0482 (5) | |
C5 | −0.0275 (4) | 1.2364 (3) | 0.41260 (13) | 0.0627 (6) | |
H5 | 0.0650 | 1.2510 | 0.4616 | 0.075* | |
C6 | −0.1753 (4) | 1.3538 (3) | 0.39990 (14) | 0.0678 (7) | |
H6 | −0.1847 | 1.4472 | 0.4412 | 0.081* | |
C7 | −0.3105 (4) | 1.3354 (3) | 0.32665 (14) | 0.0649 (7) | |
H7 | −0.4077 | 1.4171 | 0.3193 | 0.078* | |
C8 | −0.3019 (4) | 1.1967 (3) | 0.26453 (13) | 0.0606 (6) | |
H8 | −0.3926 | 1.1839 | 0.2154 | 0.073* | |
C9 | −0.1559 (4) | 1.0775 (3) | 0.27695 (12) | 0.0486 (5) | |
C10 | −0.1122 (4) | 0.9202 (3) | 0.22093 (12) | 0.0512 (6) | |
C11 | 0.0628 (4) | 0.8464 (3) | 0.26681 (11) | 0.0475 (5) | |
C12 | 0.1738 (4) | 0.7110 (3) | 0.24442 (12) | 0.0513 (6) | |
C13 | 0.1471 (5) | 0.5983 (3) | 0.16367 (13) | 0.0699 (7) | |
H131 | 0.2205 | 0.6917 | 0.1283 | 0.084* | |
H132 | −0.0381 | 0.5390 | 0.1466 | 0.084* | |
C14 | 0.2673 (4) | 0.4402 (3) | 0.15115 (12) | 0.0619 (6) | |
H141 | 0.1971 | 0.3452 | 0.1862 | 0.074* | |
H142 | 0.4543 | 0.4975 | 0.1655 | 0.074* | |
C15 | 0.2188 (5) | 0.3354 (4) | 0.06698 (14) | 0.0784 (8) | |
H151 | 0.0317 | 0.2741 | 0.0536 | 0.094* | |
H152 | 0.2815 | 0.4318 | 0.0320 | 0.094* | |
C16 | 0.3462 (5) | 0.1808 (4) | 0.05112 (14) | 0.0859 (8) | |
H161 | 0.3030 | 0.1199 | −0.0033 | 0.125 (6)* | |
H162 | 0.2844 | 0.0834 | 0.0849 | 0.125 (6)* | |
H163 | 0.5323 | 0.2405 | 0.0617 | 0.125 (6)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0651 (10) | 0.0619 (10) | 0.0530 (9) | 0.0349 (8) | −0.0056 (7) | −0.0013 (8) |
O2 | 0.0826 (12) | 0.0840 (12) | 0.0650 (11) | 0.0503 (10) | −0.0147 (9) | 0.0052 (9) |
O3 | 0.0859 (12) | 0.0811 (12) | 0.0475 (10) | 0.0406 (10) | −0.0115 (8) | −0.0028 (9) |
C1 | 0.0613 (15) | 0.0589 (15) | 0.0498 (14) | 0.0251 (13) | −0.0046 (11) | −0.0007 (12) |
C2 | 0.0605 (14) | 0.0598 (15) | 0.0460 (13) | 0.0268 (12) | −0.0030 (11) | −0.0007 (11) |
C3 | 0.0500 (13) | 0.0465 (13) | 0.0476 (13) | 0.0180 (11) | 0.0001 (10) | 0.0033 (11) |
C4 | 0.0512 (13) | 0.0447 (13) | 0.0501 (13) | 0.0199 (11) | 0.0014 (10) | 0.0026 (11) |
C5 | 0.0720 (16) | 0.0576 (15) | 0.0603 (15) | 0.0304 (13) | −0.0037 (12) | −0.0041 (13) |
C6 | 0.0782 (17) | 0.0567 (15) | 0.0717 (17) | 0.0340 (14) | 0.0011 (14) | −0.0061 (13) |
C7 | 0.0711 (17) | 0.0539 (15) | 0.0791 (17) | 0.0352 (13) | 0.0027 (13) | 0.0080 (14) |
C8 | 0.0648 (15) | 0.0602 (15) | 0.0620 (15) | 0.0282 (13) | −0.0006 (12) | 0.0119 (13) |
C9 | 0.0527 (13) | 0.0461 (13) | 0.0503 (13) | 0.0224 (11) | 0.0001 (10) | 0.0051 (11) |
C10 | 0.0536 (14) | 0.0539 (14) | 0.0462 (14) | 0.0195 (11) | 0.0002 (11) | 0.0059 (11) |
C11 | 0.0519 (14) | 0.0486 (13) | 0.0436 (13) | 0.0212 (12) | 0.0004 (10) | 0.0030 (11) |
C12 | 0.0501 (13) | 0.0544 (14) | 0.0486 (13) | 0.0198 (12) | −0.0003 (10) | 0.0011 (11) |
C13 | 0.0828 (18) | 0.0798 (17) | 0.0540 (14) | 0.0462 (15) | −0.0055 (12) | −0.0104 (13) |
C14 | 0.0697 (16) | 0.0581 (15) | 0.0589 (15) | 0.0273 (13) | 0.0066 (11) | −0.0027 (12) |
C15 | 0.0901 (19) | 0.0877 (19) | 0.0627 (16) | 0.0481 (16) | −0.0019 (13) | −0.0147 (14) |
C16 | 0.111 (2) | 0.094 (2) | 0.0629 (16) | 0.0582 (19) | 0.0006 (14) | −0.0138 (15) |
O1—C12 | 1.369 (2) | C8—H8 | 0.9299 |
O1—C1 | 1.419 (2) | C9—C10 | 1.484 (3) |
O2—C1 | 1.201 (2) | C10—C11 | 1.474 (3) |
O3—C10 | 1.218 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.339 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.432 (3) | C12—C13 | 1.486 (3) |
C2—C3 | 1.346 (3) | C13—C14 | 1.495 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9301 | C13—H131 | 0.9700 |
C3—C11 | 1.429 (3) | C13—H132 | 0.9700 |
C3—C4 | 1.470 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.506 (3) |
C4—C5 | 1.385 (3) | C14—H141 | 0.9700 |
C4—C9 | 1.396 (3) | C14—H142 | 0.9700 |
C5—C6 | 1.378 (3) | C15—C16 | 1.505 (3) |
C5—H5 | 0.9299 | C15—H151 | 0.9700 |
C6—C7 | 1.387 (3) | C15—H152 | 0.9699 |
C6—H6 | 0.9299 | C16—H161 | 0.9599 |
C7—C8 | 1.381 (3) | C16—H162 | 0.9600 |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C16—H163 | 0.9600 |
C8—C9 | 1.380 (3) | ||
C12—O1—C1 | 123.01 (16) | C12—C11—C3 | 120.61 (18) |
O2—C1—O1 | 115.49 (19) | C12—C11—C10 | 130.41 (18) |
O2—C1—C2 | 128.1 (2) | C3—C11—C10 | 108.92 (17) |
O1—C1—C2 | 116.39 (18) | C11—C12—O1 | 119.13 (18) |
C3—C2—C1 | 119.80 (19) | C11—C12—C13 | 126.63 (18) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.1 | O1—C12—C13 | 114.21 (17) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.1 | C12—C13—C14 | 119.14 (18) |
C2—C3—C11 | 121.01 (18) | C12—C13—H131 | 107.5 |
C2—C3—C4 | 131.27 (19) | C14—C13—H131 | 107.5 |
C11—C3—C4 | 107.71 (16) | C12—C13—H132 | 107.5 |
C5—C4—C9 | 120.35 (19) | C14—C13—H132 | 107.5 |
C5—C4—C3 | 131.12 (19) | H131—C13—H132 | 107.0 |
C9—C4—C3 | 108.52 (17) | C13—C14—C15 | 113.21 (19) |
C6—C5—C4 | 118.4 (2) | C13—C14—H141 | 108.9 |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.8 | C15—C14—H141 | 108.9 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.8 | C13—C14—H142 | 108.9 |
C5—C6—C7 | 121.2 (2) | C15—C14—H142 | 108.9 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.4 | H141—C14—H142 | 107.7 |
C7—C6—H6 | 119.4 | C16—C15—C14 | 114.9 (2) |
C8—C7—C6 | 120.6 (2) | C16—C15—H151 | 108.6 |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.7 | C14—C15—H151 | 108.6 |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.7 | C16—C15—H152 | 108.6 |
C9—C8—C7 | 118.6 (2) | C14—C15—H152 | 108.5 |
C9—C8—H8 | 120.7 | H151—C15—H152 | 107.5 |
C7—C8—H8 | 120.7 | C15—C16—H161 | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C4 | 120.87 (19) | C15—C16—H162 | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C10 | 129.45 (19) | H161—C16—H162 | 109.5 |
C4—C9—C10 | 109.68 (17) | C15—C16—H163 | 109.5 |
O3—C10—C11 | 128.54 (19) | H161—C16—H163 | 109.5 |
O3—C10—C9 | 126.31 (18) | H162—C16—H163 | 109.5 |
C11—C10—C9 | 105.16 (17) | ||
C11—C12—C13—C14 | −174.8 (2) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 177.5 (2) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | 178.5 (2) |
Experimental details
(aI) | (bI) | (bIRT) | |
Crystal data | |||
Chemical formula | C16H14O3 | C16H14O3 | C16H14O3 |
Mr | 254.27 | 254.27 | 254.27 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 | Triclinic, P1 | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 293 | 120 | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 4.6539 (6), 10.1800 (12), 14.3718 (17) | 5.3708 (2), 7.2029 (3), 16.9507 (8) | 5.4330 (3), 7.2863 (4), 17.0874 (9) |
α, β, γ (°) | 82.481 (5), 88.127 (7), 78.604 (6) | 96.461 (2), 93.246 (2), 110.029 (2) | 97.426 (2), 92.884 (2), 108.874 (2) |
V (Å3) | 661.71 (14) | 608.98 (4) | 631.62 (6) |
Z | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα | Mo Kα | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.22 × 0.18 × 0.06 | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 |
Data collection | |||
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector | Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector | Bruker SMART CCD 6000 area-detector |
Absorption correction | – | – | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 5329, 2336, 1137 | 5759, 2151, 1491 | 6510, 2222, 1138 |
Rint | 0.063 | 0.047 | 0.039 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 | 0.595 | 0.595 |
Refinement | |||
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.041, 0.110, 0.84 | 0.037, 0.091, 0.96 | 0.039, 0.096, 0.84 |
No. of reflections | 2336 | 2151 | 2222 |
No. of parameters | 185 | 174 | 174 |
No. of restraints | 15 | 0 | 0 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained | H-atom parameters constrained | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.10, −0.14 | 0.18, −0.21 | 0.20, −0.11 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2001), SMART (Bruker, 2003), SAINT (Bruker, 2008), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).
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In recent decades, crystal-to-crystal transformations, both physical and chemical, of organic and organometallic compounds have moved from being a crystallographic curiosity (Morawetz et al., 1963) to a focus of intense theoretical and applied interest (Dunitz, 1995; Gavezzotti & Filippini, 1995; Braga & Grepioni, 2005; Garcia-Garibay, 2007). Important aspects of the mechanism are still in dispute (Mnyukh, 2001; Herbstein, 2006; Merz et al., 2009), hence the significance of closely investigating new examples of these transformations. The titl compound, (I), which was obtained during our studies of palladium(II)-catalysed electrophilic cyclization of electron-deficient enynes (Wu et al., 2012), presents such an example.
Crystals of the α-polymorph of (I) were grown at room temperature by diffusion of n-hexane into an Et2O solution of (I). The structure is triclinic. The indeno[2,1-c]pyran-3,9-dione (ipd) system is planar and the n-butyl side-chain is disordered between two alternative conformations, viz. all-trans (A) and trans–gauche (B), with occupancies of 0.720 (4) and 0.280 (4), respectively. For the major conformation, atoms C12, C13, C14A, C15A and C16A are practically coplanar; their mean plane is inclined to the ipd plane by 60.7° (Fig. 1). For the minor conformation, the mean plane formed by atoms C12, C13, C14B and C15B is practically perpendicular to the ipd plane (interplanar angle = 89.0°), while the plane formed by atoms C14B, C15B and C16B is inclined to the latter by 31.6°. However, the mean vector of the C12–C16 chain has a similar direction in both cases, which differ by 6.6° and are inclined to the ipd plane by 26.3° for the major conformation and by 22.7° for the minor conformation.
The phase transition occurs on cooling below ca 240 K. It usually results in fracturing of the crystal, and always in its violent swinging on the mount, even when glued apparently rigidly with epoxy resin. On one occasion, after slow cooling (at a rate of 10 K h-1 near the transition) with periodic annealing, a fragment of a fractured crystal which remained on the mount was found to be a single crystal of X-ray quality of the new β-polymorph, also triclinic. This crystal was cooled to 120 K and a full data set was collected. The same crystal was then warmed to room temperature without any further phase transformation being observed, and a second data set was collected at 293 K. The structures of β-(I) determined at 120 and 293 K are essentially identical. The side-chain is ordered in an all-trans conformation, in this case practically coplanar with the ipd system (Fig. 1). At room temperature, β-(I) has a packing coefficient [calculated according to Gavezzotti (1983)] of 0.645, compared with a value of 0.615 for polymorph α-(I), and a correspondingly higher density (1.337 versus 1.276 Mg m-3). The thermal expansion coefficient of β-(I), 1.05 (3) × 10-4, is of the usual order of magnitude (Hofmann, 2002).
The crystal packing of polymorphs α-(I) and β-(I) is compared in Figs. 2 and 3. In both structures, molecules related via the a–b translation are practically coplanar, entirely for β-(I) or just as far as the ipd system is concerned in α-(I). In β-(I), the resulting planar ribbons form a slightly puckered layer (Fig. 3), whereas in α-(I) two adjacent ribbons are coplanar, but the next pair is shifted relative to them along the stacking direction. In both polymorphs, aromatic and aliphatic systems are segregated, which gives some leeway for the conformational realignment of the side-chains. However, the phase transition cannot be interpreted purely in terms of side-chains moving between stationary aromatic stacks, as there is also a very substantial shear between the aromatic systems. In fact, the layered appearance of the structures is somewhat deceptive. Although the mean interlayer separations are rather short [3.32 Å in α-(I) and 3.30 Å in β-(I) at 120 K], in neither structure is it possible to distinguish any meaningful stacks; only some fringe overlap between the aromatic systems of neighbouring layers is observed.
The absence of any rational relation between the unit cells of the two polymorphs, as well as the large intermolecular shifts required, suggest that the phase transition may be reconstructive (Mnyukh, 2001) rather than topotactic (Morawetz et al., 1963) and proceed through the usual process of nucleation and growth (Herbstein, 2006).
The crystal data of polymorph β-(I) at 120 K are reported without comment by Wu et al. (2012) [deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (Allen, 2002) as deposition number CCDC-852796].