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![[Figure 1]](gb5086fig1mag.jpg)
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Figure 1
The working principle of the PicoSwitch. (a) The experimental setup on the ID09 beamline at the ESRF. Two optical pulses from a 1 kHz amplified laser system are employed to excite the PicoSwitch (blue) and the sample (green). X-ray pulses from the storage ring impinge on the PicoSwitch at an incidence angle ωps. A shortened X-ray pulse is diffracted to the sample at an incidence angle ω. (b) (Top) A sketch of the PicoSwitch and sample structure (details in the main text). The plot below shows a spatiotemporal strain map of propagating compression (red) and expansion (blue) waves in the bilayer structures. (c) Transient XRD curves of the PicoSwitch after laser excitation calculated from the strain map in panel (b). The simulations for 0 ps (black dashed line), 5 ps (red solid line) and 15 ps (blue solid line) show that the transient diffraction efficiency is turned on and off in the grey shaded area within a few picoseconds. (d) Pump–probe measurements with the shortened pulse (red symbols) and the original synchrotron pulse (black solid line) of the ultrafast decrease in diffraction efficiency from a nanostructure. A simulation of the short-pulse experiment is shown as a red dashed line. (e) The original (blue dot-dashed line) and shortened (black line) X-ray probe pulse. The original pulse was measured with a correlation technique (Gaal et al., 2012  ) andthe shortened pulse was extracted from simulations (Gaal et al., 2014; Sander et al., 2016). |
![[Figure 1]](gb5086fig1.jpg)
 | JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION |
ISSN: 1600-5775
