Figure 14
Wigner distribution of imitated SASE FEL radiation for two `flat-top' pulses with different frequencies (left subfigures) and for a continuous pulse with instantaneous frequency varying in time sinusoidally (right subfigures). The distributions averaged over an ensemble of one and 10000 statistically independent realizations are presented on the top and middle subfigures, respectively. The amplitude of the cross terms is reduced significantly upon averaging over an ensemble. The bottom subfigures illustrate the single-shot spectrograms – the result of Wigner distribution convolution with that of a window function, provided in the inset. |