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Figure 1
Schematic of the IFW process. (a) Workpieces brought into contact to start the process, generating heat at the weld interface due to friction at the contact interface. (b) Upsetting begins due to continued application of the axial load, where soft material around the weld interface is expelled as `flash'. (c) The end of the weld indicated by cessation of the rotational velocity. (d, e) The rundown in rotational velocity and upset (axial shortening), respectively, for clarification.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 28| Part 3| May 2021| Pages 790-803
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577521001569
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