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Figure 9
The main components of an X-FEL: (a) linear accelerator (LINAC) that produces relativistic electrons, and a long wiggler. (b) As a bunch of electrons travels along the wiggler, the interaction with the previously emitted waves progressively creates periodic electron `slices' (`microbunches') with a period equal to the wavelength. The waves emitted by microbunched electrons (d), unlike those without microbunching (c), are correlated and cause optical amplification.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 28| Part 3| May 2021| Pages 1014-1029
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577521003325
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