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Figure 2
Schematic illustrating the timescales observed in the experiments. The key time points include radiation on and off times (tron and troff) and bubble onset time (tbo). The time courses include irradiation time (trad) and the time before and after bubble onset (tbbo and tabo). Bubbles that emerged sequentially (using round ones as examples) are indicated with different colors to distinguish from one another. The in-line phase-contrast radiographs in (b) each have a field of view of 50 mm (width) by 4 mm (height). Frame 0 shows the lung tissue context in a static radiograph, while frames 1–4 are cineradiographs at different time points after bubble onset and subtraction of the tissue context. All images in (b) are obtained after context-specific flat-field corrections (see SI Section S2). (c) Quantification of the global bubble evolution using their time-dependent volume within the field of view and (d) the cumulative volume. The temporal locations of the frames in (b) are indicated in (c) and (d) as vertical dashed lines.

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