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Figure 3
Quantitative characteristics of bubble onset and sample dependence after X-ray irradiation. (a) Bubble onset time [tbo in Fig. 2[link](a)] and X-ray dose deposited into different samples. Compared with non-degassed samples, the degassed samples show markedly delayed bubble onset and therefore higher dose threshold associated with bubble formation. (b) The excess in cumulative bubble volumes for three settings are calculated as a function of tabo, showing an increase until saturation, followed by a downward trend. (c) The initial ∼11 min of bubble growth measured against the time after bubble onset [tabo in Fig. 2[link](a)] shows a speed-up for highly degassed samples. The color choices in (a–c) are consistent to display their interrelationship.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 31| Part 3| May 2024| Pages 566-577
https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057752400290X
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