Figure 4
Constrained bubble dynamics in different microscopic void spaces, including (a–c) regions between crushed agar, (d–f) within brain vasculature and (g–i) within alveoli of the lung. (a, d, g) Schematics showing the local spatial geometry where the bubbles (white or light gray inside in phase contrast) are formed. (b, e, h) The extracted growth dynamics of the bubbles within these spaces are quantified using time-dependent circularity and bubble area. (c, f, i) Representative radiographic frames showing the morphological changes of the specific bubble dynamics. The respective time points are indicated by vertical dashed lines in (b), (e) and (h), respectively. The white scale bars represent 500 µm. |