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Figure 6
A time series of single-bunch phase-contrast radiographs of lead wire melting dynamics under sudden current discharge observed with the NUV X-ray microscope and 10× magnification (i.e. 3.16 µm per pixel) at 1.4 Mfps (1/710 ns). The radiographs were captured during a 4-bunch filling mode (7.5 mA per bunch). Joule heating dominates the phenomena of failure and solid-to-liquid transition of the lead wire. Top left: the onset of melting can be spotted with asymmetric expansion. Top right: the melting becomes more apparent. Bottom left: surface bubble formation and bubble burst in localized regions can be noticed. Bottom right: jet formation in a radial direction now occurs, after which complete failure occurs due to melting. (Adequate radiograph background correction was not performed due to constantly evolving background content.) Timestamps of depicted radiographs: top left = t0; top right = t0 + 7 µs; bottom left = t0 + 14 µs; and bottom right = t0 + 21 µs. The speed of the right-hand-side melt interface was calculated to be 9.7 ms−1.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 31| Part 5| September 2024| Pages 1224-1233
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524007306
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