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Figure 3
Static operando cell. (a) Cross-sectional drawing of the two-electrode static cell. (b) Comparison of the static cell first charge and discharge performance to different upper cut-off voltages (red lines) with that obtained with a conventional coin cell (black lines). The static cell contains a working electrode composed of primary crystallites of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) coated on a polypropylene separator, two glass-fibre separators, a lithium metal anode and 5 µl of LP57 (1 M LiPF6 in 3:7 EC:EMC) electrolyte. The working electrode material is pressed onto a 100 nm SiNx window coated with a 100 nm Al film serving as current collector. The coin cell was assembled with the same electrodes and separators, adding 90 µl of the same electrolyte. The cells were charged at a rate of 0.1 C (based on the NCA theoretical capacity of 279 mA h cm−2) to 4.4 VLi (dashed lines) or 5.0 VLi (solid lines), where the potential was held for 1 h or until the current dropped below 0.05 C, before the cells were discharged to 3.0 VLi. |