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Figure 3
Impact of heavy element electronic processes on global ionization for lysozyme.Gd in 0.1 M Gd 10% NaCl solvent. Plots show average orbital (1s, 2s,…) or shell (K, L,…) densities normalized to 1 in the initial undamaged state, for each element in the target. All atomic processes in the physical model are enabled for light atoms (C, N, O); while the modeled processes in heavy atoms (S, Gd, Na, Cl) are denoted (a) no heavy atom processes, (b) heavy atom photoionization, Auger decay and fluorescence, (c) all atomic processes in the physical model. The elevated depletion of the light atom orbitals in (b) and (c) is caused by additional collisional-ionization processes stemming from heavy atom primary ionization. No such difference in the carbon states is apparent between (b) and (c), indicating that heavy atom secondary ionization is unimportant to light atom ionization. Pulse parameters match those given in Fig. 2[link].

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 32| Part 5| September 2025| Pages 1124-1142
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525005934
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