Acta Cryst. (2008). E64, m1338 [ doi:10.1107/S1600536808030614 ]
O)zinc(II)]-
-(E)-2-[(2-oxido-1-naphthyl)methyleneamino]propanoato-
4O2,N,O1:O1']In the title coordination polymer, [Zn(C14H11NO3)(C2H6OS)]n, each ZnII ion is five-coordinated in a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment, formed by three O atoms from two 2-[(2-oxido-1-naphthyl)methyleneamino]propanoate ligands, one O atom from a dimethyl sulfoxide molecule and the N atom from the aminopropanoate ligand. The propanoate ligands bridge ZnII ions, forming a zigzag chain parallel to [010].
(E)-2-((2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyleneamino)propanoic acid was prepared of L-alanine acid and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde in aqueous solution (Audriceth et al., 1954). (E)-2-((2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyleneamino)propanoic acid (0.243 g, 1 mmol) and Zn(OAc)2 (0.190 g, 1 mmol) dissolved in hot aqueous solution (20 ml) then refluxed for 1 huor. After cooling to room temperature the solution was filtered, the residue was recrystaled in DMSO and methanol (10/1, V/V) solution, several days latter, a suitable for X-ray diffraction yellow crystal was obtained.
H atoms bound to C atoms were placed in calculated positions and treated as riding on their parent atoms, with C—H = 0.93 Å (Caromatic); C—H = 0.96 Å (methyl); C—H = 0.98 ° A (methine), and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).
Data collection: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 1998); cell refinement: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 1998); data reduction: CrystalStructure (Rigaku/MSC, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).
| [Zn(C14H11NO3)(C2H6OS)] | F(000) = 396 |
| Mr = 384.74 | Dx = 1.535 Mg m−3 |
| Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
| Hall symbol: P 2yb | Cell parameters from 7870 reflections |
| a = 9.676 (4) Å | θ = 3.2–27.5° |
| b = 7.651 (4) Å | µ = 1.62 mm−1 |
| c = 11.715 (5) Å | T = 291 K |
| β = 106.256 (15)° | Block, yellow |
| V = 832.6 (7) Å3 | 0.31 × 0.28 × 0.24 mm |
| Z = 2 |
| Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer | 3729 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3533 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| graphite | Rint = 0.020 |
| ω scans | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.2° |
| Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | h = −11→12 |
| Tmin = 0.633, Tmax = 0.697 | k = −9→9 |
| 8191 measured reflections | l = −15→15 |
| Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.024 | H-atom parameters constrained |
| wR(F2) = 0.056 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0259P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
| S = 1.06 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
| 3729 reflections | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
| 211 parameters | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
| 1 restraint | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1675 Friedel pairs |
| Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Flack parameter: 0.006 (8) |
| [Zn(C14H11NO3)(C2H6OS)] | V = 832.6 (7) Å3 |
| Mr = 384.74 | Z = 2 |
| Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation |
| a = 9.676 (4) Å | µ = 1.62 mm−1 |
| b = 7.651 (4) Å | T = 291 K |
| c = 11.715 (5) Å | 0.31 × 0.28 × 0.24 mm |
| β = 106.256 (15)° |
| Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer | 3729 independent reflections |
| Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | 3533 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| Tmin = 0.633, Tmax = 0.697 | Rint = 0.020 |
| 8191 measured reflections | θmax = 27.5° |
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.024 | H-atom parameters constrained |
| wR(F2) = 0.056 | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
| S = 1.06 | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
| 3729 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1675 Friedel pairs |
| 211 parameters | Flack parameter: 0.006 (8) |
| 1 restraint |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
| x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
| C1 | 0.7743 (2) | −0.1178 (3) | 0.23967 (18) | 0.0288 (4) | |
| C2 | 0.66925 (19) | −0.0224 (3) | 0.15494 (15) | 0.0272 (4) | |
| C3 | 0.6855 (2) | 0.0055 (4) | 0.03564 (15) | 0.0304 (4) | |
| C4 | 0.5858 (3) | 0.0965 (3) | −0.0557 (2) | 0.0429 (6) | |
| H4 | 0.5020 | 0.1392 | −0.0416 | 0.051* | |
| C5 | 0.6085 (3) | 0.1243 (4) | −0.1655 (2) | 0.0477 (6) | |
| H5 | 0.5400 | 0.1837 | −0.2243 | 0.057* | |
| C6 | 0.7336 (3) | 0.0636 (3) | −0.1883 (2) | 0.0483 (6) | |
| H6 | 0.7504 | 0.0859 | −0.2613 | 0.058* | |
| C7 | 0.8305 (3) | −0.0276 (4) | −0.10433 (19) | 0.0445 (6) | |
| H7 | 0.9131 | −0.0694 | −0.1209 | 0.053* | |
| C8 | 0.8094 (2) | −0.0613 (3) | 0.00897 (19) | 0.0340 (5) | |
| C9 | 0.9098 (2) | −0.1605 (4) | 0.0950 (2) | 0.0418 (5) | |
| H9 | 0.9890 | −0.2075 | 0.0756 | 0.050* | |
| C10 | 0.8947 (2) | −0.1897 (3) | 0.2055 (2) | 0.0382 (5) | |
| H10 | 0.9628 | −0.2568 | 0.2595 | 0.046* | |
| C11 | 0.5465 (2) | 0.0524 (3) | 0.18248 (18) | 0.0292 (4) | |
| H11 | 0.4778 | 0.1043 | 0.1198 | 0.035* | |
| C12 | 0.3897 (2) | 0.1430 (3) | 0.29272 (17) | 0.0307 (4) | |
| H12 | 0.3676 | 0.2387 | 0.2349 | 0.037* | |
| C13 | 0.2635 (2) | 0.0163 (5) | 0.2663 (3) | 0.0612 (9) | |
| H13A | 0.2422 | −0.0219 | 0.1851 | 0.092* | |
| H13B | 0.1808 | 0.0738 | 0.2788 | 0.092* | |
| H13C | 0.2879 | −0.0829 | 0.3182 | 0.092* | |
| C14 | 0.4141 (2) | 0.2180 (3) | 0.41799 (18) | 0.0274 (4) | |
| C15 | 0.7228 (3) | 0.4372 (3) | 0.3802 (3) | 0.0555 (7) | |
| H15A | 0.6852 | 0.3618 | 0.3132 | 0.083* | |
| H15B | 0.7508 | 0.5467 | 0.3534 | 0.083* | |
| H15C | 0.6501 | 0.4571 | 0.4202 | 0.083* | |
| C16 | 0.9720 (3) | 0.2924 (4) | 0.3760 (3) | 0.0566 (7) | |
| H16A | 1.0605 | 0.2349 | 0.4161 | 0.085* | |
| H16B | 0.9930 | 0.3998 | 0.3418 | 0.085* | |
| H16C | 0.9161 | 0.2180 | 0.3143 | 0.085* | |
| N1 | 0.52124 (17) | 0.0554 (2) | 0.28544 (14) | 0.0268 (3) | |
| O1 | 0.77231 (16) | −0.1464 (2) | 0.34856 (12) | 0.0355 (3) | |
| O2 | 0.51906 (16) | 0.1680 (2) | 0.49919 (13) | 0.0372 (4) | |
| O3 | 0.32074 (15) | 0.3268 (2) | 0.42825 (13) | 0.0354 (3) | |
| O4 | 0.82733 (16) | 0.1620 (2) | 0.51567 (15) | 0.0422 (4) | |
| S1 | 0.87374 (6) | 0.33792 (8) | 0.47907 (5) | 0.03915 (13) | |
| Zn1 | 0.66361 (2) | −0.00892 (3) | 0.440772 (16) | 0.02749 (7) |
| U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
| C1 | 0.0313 (10) | 0.0256 (11) | 0.0325 (9) | −0.0010 (8) | 0.0141 (9) | −0.0017 (8) |
| C2 | 0.0308 (8) | 0.0236 (10) | 0.0288 (8) | 0.0005 (10) | 0.0113 (7) | −0.0007 (10) |
| C3 | 0.0376 (9) | 0.0261 (11) | 0.0303 (8) | −0.0042 (11) | 0.0141 (8) | −0.0031 (10) |
| C4 | 0.0557 (15) | 0.0403 (14) | 0.0372 (11) | 0.0075 (12) | 0.0204 (12) | 0.0064 (10) |
| C5 | 0.0727 (17) | 0.0373 (14) | 0.0331 (11) | −0.0006 (13) | 0.0146 (12) | 0.0055 (10) |
| C6 | 0.0787 (18) | 0.0388 (13) | 0.0374 (11) | −0.0155 (13) | 0.0323 (14) | −0.0064 (10) |
| C7 | 0.0566 (13) | 0.0462 (16) | 0.0411 (10) | −0.0114 (14) | 0.0308 (11) | −0.0094 (12) |
| C8 | 0.0387 (11) | 0.0339 (13) | 0.0330 (10) | −0.0073 (9) | 0.0162 (9) | −0.0070 (8) |
| C9 | 0.0357 (11) | 0.0521 (15) | 0.0441 (12) | 0.0053 (11) | 0.0221 (11) | −0.0068 (11) |
| C10 | 0.0345 (11) | 0.0424 (14) | 0.0392 (11) | 0.0104 (10) | 0.0130 (10) | −0.0003 (10) |
| C11 | 0.0311 (10) | 0.0269 (10) | 0.0291 (9) | 0.0025 (8) | 0.0076 (9) | 0.0001 (7) |
| C12 | 0.0280 (10) | 0.0330 (12) | 0.0319 (10) | 0.0043 (9) | 0.0096 (9) | −0.0071 (9) |
| C13 | 0.0308 (11) | 0.073 (2) | 0.0840 (18) | −0.0102 (14) | 0.0225 (12) | −0.0487 (19) |
| C14 | 0.0279 (10) | 0.0267 (10) | 0.0333 (10) | −0.0044 (8) | 0.0181 (9) | −0.0043 (8) |
| C15 | 0.0493 (14) | 0.0333 (14) | 0.088 (2) | 0.0012 (11) | 0.0255 (15) | 0.0115 (12) |
| C16 | 0.0464 (15) | 0.0558 (19) | 0.0764 (19) | −0.0036 (13) | 0.0319 (15) | −0.0019 (15) |
| N1 | 0.0266 (8) | 0.0274 (9) | 0.0284 (7) | 0.0022 (6) | 0.0106 (7) | −0.0035 (6) |
| O1 | 0.0414 (8) | 0.0361 (9) | 0.0325 (7) | 0.0111 (7) | 0.0161 (7) | 0.0074 (6) |
| O2 | 0.0369 (8) | 0.0455 (10) | 0.0309 (7) | 0.0056 (7) | 0.0121 (7) | −0.0044 (7) |
| O3 | 0.0358 (8) | 0.0372 (9) | 0.0365 (7) | 0.0056 (7) | 0.0156 (7) | −0.0104 (7) |
| O4 | 0.0371 (8) | 0.0357 (9) | 0.0520 (9) | −0.0084 (7) | 0.0094 (7) | 0.0051 (8) |
| S1 | 0.0388 (3) | 0.0311 (3) | 0.0503 (3) | −0.0096 (2) | 0.0169 (3) | −0.0059 (2) |
| Zn1 | 0.02884 (11) | 0.02883 (11) | 0.02707 (10) | 0.00032 (12) | 0.01157 (8) | 0.00374 (11) |
| C1—O1 | 1.300 (2) | C12—C14 | 1.531 (3) |
| C1—C2 | 1.410 (3) | C12—H12 | 0.9800 |
| C1—C10 | 1.443 (3) | C13—H13A | 0.9600 |
| C2—C11 | 1.434 (3) | C13—H13B | 0.9600 |
| C2—C3 | 1.465 (2) | C13—H13C | 0.9600 |
| C3—C4 | 1.408 (3) | C14—O2 | 1.242 (3) |
| C3—C8 | 1.416 (3) | C14—O3 | 1.259 (3) |
| C4—C5 | 1.381 (3) | C15—S1 | 1.762 (3) |
| C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C15—H15A | 0.9600 |
| C5—C6 | 1.391 (4) | C15—H15B | 0.9600 |
| C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C15—H15C | 0.9600 |
| C6—C7 | 1.348 (4) | C16—S1 | 1.768 (3) |
| C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C16—H16A | 0.9600 |
| C7—C8 | 1.422 (3) | C16—H16B | 0.9600 |
| C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C16—H16C | 0.9600 |
| C8—C9 | 1.409 (3) | N1—Zn1 | 2.0119 (18) |
| C9—C10 | 1.361 (3) | O1—Zn1 | 2.0040 (15) |
| C9—H9 | 0.9300 | O2—Zn1 | 2.1891 (16) |
| C10—H10 | 0.9300 | O3—Zn1i | 1.9560 (15) |
| C11—N1 | 1.296 (2) | O4—S1 | 1.5184 (18) |
| C11—H11 | 0.9300 | O4—Zn1 | 2.0520 (17) |
| C12—N1 | 1.462 (2) | Zn1—O3ii | 1.9560 (15) |
| C12—C13 | 1.521 (3) | ||
| O1—C1—C2 | 124.91 (17) | C12—C13—H13B | 109.5 |
| O1—C1—C10 | 116.32 (19) | H13A—C13—H13B | 109.5 |
| C2—C1—C10 | 118.77 (17) | C12—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
| C1—C2—C11 | 121.86 (16) | H13A—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
| C1—C2—C3 | 119.89 (17) | H13B—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
| C11—C2—C3 | 118.24 (18) | O2—C14—O3 | 125.85 (18) |
| C4—C3—C8 | 116.96 (17) | O2—C14—C12 | 119.49 (17) |
| C4—C3—C2 | 124.27 (18) | O3—C14—C12 | 114.66 (19) |
| C8—C3—C2 | 118.77 (19) | S1—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
| C5—C4—C3 | 122.0 (2) | S1—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
| C5—C4—H4 | 119.0 | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
| C3—C4—H4 | 119.0 | S1—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
| C4—C5—C6 | 120.1 (2) | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
| C4—C5—H5 | 120.0 | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
| C6—C5—H5 | 120.0 | S1—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
| C7—C6—C5 | 119.9 (2) | S1—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
| C7—C6—H6 | 120.1 | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
| C5—C6—H6 | 120.1 | S1—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
| C6—C7—C8 | 121.5 (2) | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
| C6—C7—H7 | 119.2 | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
| C8—C7—H7 | 119.2 | C11—N1—C12 | 117.15 (17) |
| C9—C8—C3 | 119.56 (17) | C11—N1—Zn1 | 125.29 (13) |
| C9—C8—C7 | 120.97 (19) | C12—N1—Zn1 | 116.50 (12) |
| C3—C8—C7 | 119.5 (2) | C1—O1—Zn1 | 126.51 (14) |
| C10—C9—C8 | 122.14 (19) | C14—O2—Zn1 | 114.09 (12) |
| C10—C9—H9 | 118.9 | C14—O3—Zn1i | 126.85 (14) |
| C8—C9—H9 | 118.9 | S1—O4—Zn1 | 134.27 (11) |
| C9—C10—C1 | 120.8 (2) | O4—S1—C15 | 108.15 (11) |
| C9—C10—H10 | 119.6 | O4—S1—C16 | 106.05 (12) |
| C1—C10—H10 | 119.6 | C15—S1—C16 | 98.14 (15) |
| N1—C11—C2 | 126.87 (19) | O3ii—Zn1—O1 | 98.54 (7) |
| N1—C11—H11 | 116.6 | O3ii—Zn1—N1 | 138.57 (7) |
| C2—C11—H11 | 116.6 | O1—Zn1—N1 | 88.32 (7) |
| N1—C12—C13 | 111.01 (19) | O3ii—Zn1—O4 | 101.12 (7) |
| N1—C12—C14 | 108.94 (16) | O1—Zn1—O4 | 96.09 (7) |
| C13—C12—C14 | 109.48 (17) | N1—Zn1—O4 | 118.82 (7) |
| N1—C12—H12 | 109.1 | O3ii—Zn1—O2 | 93.89 (7) |
| C13—C12—H12 | 109.1 | O1—Zn1—O2 | 166.10 (6) |
| C14—C12—H12 | 109.1 | N1—Zn1—O2 | 78.22 (6) |
| C12—C13—H13A | 109.5 | O4—Zn1—O2 | 87.52 (7) |
| O1—C1—C2—C11 | −0.5 (4) | C13—C12—N1—C11 | 89.0 (2) |
| C10—C1—C2—C11 | 179.8 (2) | C14—C12—N1—C11 | −150.37 (18) |
| O1—C1—C2—C3 | 178.2 (2) | C13—C12—N1—Zn1 | −102.1 (2) |
| C10—C1—C2—C3 | −1.4 (3) | C14—C12—N1—Zn1 | 18.5 (2) |
| C1—C2—C3—C4 | 179.0 (2) | C2—C1—O1—Zn1 | −20.7 (3) |
| C11—C2—C3—C4 | −2.2 (4) | C10—C1—O1—Zn1 | 158.98 (16) |
| C1—C2—C3—C8 | −1.5 (3) | O3—C14—O2—Zn1 | −175.97 (16) |
| C11—C2—C3—C8 | 177.3 (2) | C12—C14—O2—Zn1 | 4.9 (2) |
| C8—C3—C4—C5 | −1.7 (4) | O2—C14—O3—Zn1i | 16.7 (3) |
| C2—C3—C4—C5 | 177.8 (3) | C12—C14—O3—Zn1i | −164.18 (13) |
| C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.8 (4) | Zn1—O4—S1—C15 | 23.79 (18) |
| C4—C5—C6—C7 | 2.2 (4) | Zn1—O4—S1—C16 | −80.64 (17) |
| C5—C6—C7—C8 | −1.1 (4) | C1—O1—Zn1—O3ii | 165.79 (17) |
| C4—C3—C8—C9 | −177.1 (2) | C1—O1—Zn1—N1 | 26.85 (17) |
| C2—C3—C8—C9 | 3.4 (3) | C1—O1—Zn1—O4 | −91.96 (18) |
| C4—C3—C8—C7 | 2.8 (3) | C1—O1—Zn1—O2 | 12.5 (4) |
| C2—C3—C8—C7 | −176.7 (2) | C11—N1—Zn1—O3ii | −122.75 (17) |
| C6—C7—C8—C9 | 178.4 (2) | C12—N1—Zn1—O3ii | 69.40 (17) |
| C6—C7—C8—C3 | −1.4 (4) | C11—N1—Zn1—O1 | −21.72 (17) |
| C3—C8—C9—C10 | −2.4 (4) | C12—N1—Zn1—O1 | 170.43 (14) |
| C7—C8—C9—C10 | 177.7 (2) | C11—N1—Zn1—O4 | 74.31 (18) |
| C8—C9—C10—C1 | −0.6 (4) | C12—N1—Zn1—O4 | −93.54 (15) |
| O1—C1—C10—C9 | −177.2 (2) | C11—N1—Zn1—O2 | 154.80 (18) |
| C2—C1—C10—C9 | 2.5 (3) | C12—N1—Zn1—O2 | −13.05 (14) |
| C1—C2—C11—N1 | 5.6 (4) | S1—O4—Zn1—O3ii | −170.20 (14) |
| C3—C2—C11—N1 | −173.2 (2) | S1—O4—Zn1—O1 | 89.82 (14) |
| N1—C12—C14—O2 | −15.1 (3) | S1—O4—Zn1—N1 | −1.61 (17) |
| C13—C12—C14—O2 | 106.5 (2) | S1—O4—Zn1—O2 | −76.72 (14) |
| N1—C12—C14—O3 | 165.76 (17) | C14—O2—Zn1—O3ii | −134.50 (15) |
| C13—C12—C14—O3 | −72.7 (3) | C14—O2—Zn1—O1 | 19.0 (4) |
| C2—C11—N1—C12 | 178.6 (2) | C14—O2—Zn1—N1 | 4.39 (14) |
| C2—C11—N1—Zn1 | 10.9 (3) | C14—O2—Zn1—O4 | 124.51 (15) |
| Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1. |
| N1—Zn1 | 2.0119 (18) | O3—Zn1i | 1.9560 (15) |
| O1—Zn1 | 2.0040 (15) | O4—Zn1 | 2.0520 (17) |
| O2—Zn1 | 2.1891 (16) | ||
| O3ii—Zn1—O1 | 98.54 (7) | N1—Zn1—O4 | 118.82 (7) |
| O3ii—Zn1—N1 | 138.57 (7) | O3ii—Zn1—O2 | 93.89 (7) |
| O1—Zn1—N1 | 88.32 (7) | O1—Zn1—O2 | 166.10 (6) |
| O3ii—Zn1—O4 | 101.12 (7) | N1—Zn1—O2 | 78.22 (6) |
| O1—Zn1—O4 | 96.09 (7) | O4—Zn1—O2 | 87.52 (7) |
| Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1. |
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20272011).
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The continuous interest in designing and making novel Schiff base ligand and transition-metal complexes have persisted because of their impressive catalytic property. In this paper, we report the new title compound, (I), synthesized by the reaction of (E)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyleneamino)propanoic acid ligands and Zn(OAc)2 in an aqueous solution.
As shown in Fig. 1, ZnII ion is five-coordinate in a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment, formed by four O atoms and one N atom. Each quadridentate Schiff base ligand bridge two different CuII ions, resulting in a one-dimensional polymeric structure chain (Fig. 2).