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Figure 3
Scope traces from several different APDs (see text, §5[link] for details) using the amplifier discussed by Baron et al. (1997BB4) (a, b, d, e) and a Keycom LNA-012 (c). The heavy solid line shows the response averaged over many events, while the thin line shows a single event with noise [average only in (a) and single event only in (c)]. Note that the exact pulse heights relative to noise will depend on the APD gain, and the signal shape can also be affected by parasitic capacitances that are not included in the estimates shown. The overshoots visible on the average signal (b) and (d) result from less than ideal coupling to the amplifier. Also note that for the slower signals in (d) and (e) a smaller bandwidth amplifier, as used in the package system discussed in §7[link], is more appropriate and should be less noisy.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 13| Part 2| March 2006| Pages 131-142
https://doi.org/10.1107/S090904950503431X
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