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Figure 5
Synchrotron TXM measurement for Fe XANES below and above the Fe edge on two Phragmites australis root samples collected at Site 2. Synchrotron XANES measurement confirms the presence of Fe nanoparticles in the epidermis of Phragmites australis root: (a) and (b) Fe XANES image taken at 7092 eV (below the Fe2+ pre-edge); (c) and (d) Fe XANES image taken at 7132 eV (above the Fe3+ pre-edge). Black dots in the circles in images (c) and (d) are Fe nanoparticles. The `shadows' in (a) and (b), where Fe nanoparticles are found, indicate the absorption of other metals, such as Mn, Cu and Ni, whose pre-edges are below the Fe pre-edge. The results suggest metal scavenging by Fe nanoparticles.

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