organic compounds
2,4-Dichloro-1-[1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)ethyl]benzene
aDepartment of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA, bDepartment of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA, cDepartment of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India, and dDepartment of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, India
*Correspondence e-mail: jjasinski@keene.edu
In the title compound, C15H12Cl4O, the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the two benzene rings is 82.6 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the COC mean plane of the oxy group and the two benzene rings are 84.3 (5) and 10.8 (5)°. In the crystal, two weak π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.9989 (8) and 3.7912 (8) Å] and a C—H⋯π interaction are observed.
Related literature
For related structures, see: Yan et al. (2007); Cui et al. (2005); Moratti et al. (2007); Kotila et al. (1996). For compounds related to bis-lactim of cyclic dipeptides, see: Bolte et al. (1999). For catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of benzyl see: Brigas et al. (1999). For details of theoretical calculations, see: Becke (1988, 1993); Frisch et al. (2004); Hehre et al. (1986); Lee et al. (1988); Schmidt & Polik (2007). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
|
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); cell CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536809053422/is2502sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809053422/is2502Isup2.hkl
A mixture of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol (0.01 mol, 1.91 g) and 2,4-dichloro-1-(chloromethyl)benzene (0.01 mol, 1.95 g) in 30 ml dry acetone was refluxed over water bath for 6 h (Fig. 3). The crude compound was filtered and recrystallized from ethyl acetate (m.p. 449–451 K). Composition for C15H12Cl4O: C 51.39 (51.46), H 3.42 (3.46).
All of the C-bonded H atoms were placed in their calculated positions and then refined using the riding model with C—H = 0.95 to 1.00 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.18–1.49 Ueq(C). The methyl group was allowed to rotate about the C—C bond.
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).C15H12Cl4O | Z = 2 |
Mr = 350.05 | F(000) = 356 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.533 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 9.3755 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 5527 reflections |
b = 9.9229 (4) Å | θ = 4.7–32.4° |
c = 9.9667 (4) Å | µ = 0.77 mm−1 |
α = 62.313 (3)° | T = 200 K |
β = 70.246 (4)° | Chunk, colorless |
γ = 71.467 (4)° | 0.47 × 0.42 × 0.27 mm |
V = 758.22 (5) Å3 |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini diffractometer | 4961 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3334 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.015 |
Detector resolution: 10.5081 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 32.5°, θmin = 4.7° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −13→14 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) | k = −14→14 |
Tmin = 0.638, Tmax = 0.812 | l = −14→14 |
10547 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.086 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0476P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4961 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
182 parameters | Δρmax = 0.34 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
C15H12Cl4O | γ = 71.467 (4)° |
Mr = 350.05 | V = 758.22 (5) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 9.3755 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 9.9229 (4) Å | µ = 0.77 mm−1 |
c = 9.9667 (4) Å | T = 200 K |
α = 62.313 (3)° | 0.47 × 0.42 × 0.27 mm |
β = 70.246 (4)° |
Oxford Diffraction Gemini diffractometer | 4961 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) | 3334 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.638, Tmax = 0.812 | Rint = 0.015 |
10547 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.086 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.34 e Å−3 |
4961 reflections | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
182 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Cl1 | 0.36865 (4) | 1.29719 (4) | 0.57705 (4) | 0.03911 (9) | |
Cl2 | 0.69931 (4) | 1.09520 (4) | 0.12662 (4) | 0.03879 (10) | |
Cl3 | 0.62657 (4) | 0.54530 (4) | 1.05029 (5) | 0.04802 (11) | |
Cl4 | 1.07650 (5) | 0.37832 (4) | 1.34956 (4) | 0.05247 (12) | |
O1 | 0.75079 (10) | 1.00830 (9) | 0.81884 (9) | 0.0308 (2) | |
C1 | 0.65742 (14) | 1.12007 (12) | 0.58044 (13) | 0.0267 (2) | |
C2 | 0.53833 (14) | 1.19326 (12) | 0.50167 (14) | 0.0267 (2) | |
C3 | 0.54921 (14) | 1.18650 (12) | 0.36200 (13) | 0.0281 (3) | |
H3A | 0.4666 | 1.2370 | 0.3100 | 0.034* | |
C4 | 0.68305 (15) | 1.10458 (13) | 0.30135 (13) | 0.0286 (3) | |
C5 | 0.80410 (15) | 1.02893 (14) | 0.37548 (14) | 0.0323 (3) | |
H5A | 0.8951 | 0.9720 | 0.3324 | 0.039* | |
C6 | 0.78960 (14) | 1.03809 (14) | 0.51481 (14) | 0.0308 (3) | |
H6A | 0.8724 | 0.9869 | 0.5665 | 0.037* | |
C7 | 0.64875 (15) | 1.13389 (13) | 0.72917 (13) | 0.0298 (3) | |
H7A | 0.5404 | 1.1344 | 0.7932 | 0.036* | |
C8 | 0.6967 (2) | 1.28197 (15) | 0.69213 (17) | 0.0428 (3) | |
H8A | 0.6857 | 1.2908 | 0.7892 | 0.064* | |
H8B | 0.6307 | 1.3714 | 0.6291 | 0.064* | |
H8C | 0.8046 | 1.2794 | 0.6342 | 0.064* | |
C9 | 0.69843 (15) | 0.86580 (13) | 0.89183 (14) | 0.0301 (3) | |
H9A | 0.7024 | 0.8313 | 0.8118 | 0.036* | |
H9B | 0.5899 | 0.8804 | 0.9504 | 0.036* | |
C10 | 0.79787 (14) | 0.74457 (13) | 1.00075 (13) | 0.0259 (2) | |
C11 | 0.77114 (14) | 0.59377 (14) | 1.08286 (14) | 0.0298 (3) | |
C12 | 0.85496 (15) | 0.47887 (14) | 1.19003 (14) | 0.0330 (3) | |
H12A | 0.8339 | 0.3769 | 1.2447 | 0.040* | |
C13 | 0.97003 (15) | 0.51798 (14) | 1.21437 (14) | 0.0343 (3) | |
C14 | 1.00324 (16) | 0.66490 (15) | 1.13334 (15) | 0.0354 (3) | |
H14A | 1.0845 | 0.6889 | 1.1500 | 0.042* | |
C15 | 0.91710 (15) | 0.77740 (14) | 1.02725 (14) | 0.0298 (3) | |
H15A | 0.9399 | 0.8787 | 0.9717 | 0.036* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Cl1 | 0.03580 (17) | 0.03395 (17) | 0.03615 (18) | 0.00737 (13) | −0.01065 (14) | −0.01213 (14) |
Cl2 | 0.0446 (2) | 0.04732 (19) | 0.02785 (16) | −0.01169 (15) | −0.00955 (14) | −0.01509 (14) |
Cl3 | 0.0493 (2) | 0.03993 (19) | 0.0552 (2) | −0.02003 (16) | −0.02309 (18) | −0.00438 (16) |
Cl4 | 0.0482 (2) | 0.0489 (2) | 0.0426 (2) | 0.00674 (17) | −0.02492 (18) | −0.00436 (16) |
O1 | 0.0381 (5) | 0.0265 (4) | 0.0249 (4) | −0.0084 (4) | −0.0141 (4) | −0.0018 (3) |
C1 | 0.0305 (6) | 0.0236 (5) | 0.0224 (5) | −0.0070 (5) | −0.0087 (5) | −0.0033 (5) |
C2 | 0.0273 (6) | 0.0194 (5) | 0.0264 (6) | −0.0027 (4) | −0.0068 (5) | −0.0042 (4) |
C3 | 0.0283 (6) | 0.0260 (6) | 0.0254 (6) | −0.0056 (5) | −0.0113 (5) | −0.0028 (5) |
C4 | 0.0360 (7) | 0.0277 (6) | 0.0201 (5) | −0.0107 (5) | −0.0074 (5) | −0.0042 (5) |
C5 | 0.0292 (6) | 0.0326 (6) | 0.0281 (6) | −0.0019 (5) | −0.0057 (5) | −0.0097 (5) |
C6 | 0.0259 (6) | 0.0350 (6) | 0.0258 (6) | −0.0021 (5) | −0.0099 (5) | −0.0072 (5) |
C7 | 0.0351 (7) | 0.0269 (6) | 0.0232 (6) | −0.0033 (5) | −0.0111 (5) | −0.0054 (5) |
C8 | 0.0641 (10) | 0.0304 (6) | 0.0389 (7) | −0.0115 (7) | −0.0219 (7) | −0.0092 (6) |
C9 | 0.0342 (6) | 0.0281 (6) | 0.0258 (6) | −0.0091 (5) | −0.0107 (5) | −0.0044 (5) |
C10 | 0.0271 (6) | 0.0265 (5) | 0.0206 (5) | −0.0030 (5) | −0.0053 (5) | −0.0080 (5) |
C11 | 0.0296 (6) | 0.0302 (6) | 0.0287 (6) | −0.0075 (5) | −0.0070 (5) | −0.0097 (5) |
C12 | 0.0342 (7) | 0.0268 (6) | 0.0297 (6) | −0.0028 (5) | −0.0064 (5) | −0.0073 (5) |
C13 | 0.0338 (7) | 0.0342 (6) | 0.0262 (6) | 0.0051 (5) | −0.0112 (5) | −0.0094 (5) |
C14 | 0.0330 (7) | 0.0396 (7) | 0.0360 (7) | −0.0053 (6) | −0.0140 (6) | −0.0140 (6) |
C15 | 0.0311 (6) | 0.0296 (6) | 0.0272 (6) | −0.0052 (5) | −0.0089 (5) | −0.0090 (5) |
Cl1—C2 | 1.7401 (13) | C7—H7A | 1.0000 |
Cl2—C4 | 1.7398 (12) | C8—H8A | 0.9800 |
Cl3—C11 | 1.7409 (12) | C8—H8B | 0.9800 |
Cl4—C13 | 1.7398 (12) | C8—H8C | 0.9800 |
O1—C9 | 1.4189 (14) | C9—C10 | 1.5008 (16) |
O1—C7 | 1.4325 (13) | C9—H9A | 0.9900 |
C1—C6 | 1.3896 (17) | C9—H9B | 0.9900 |
C1—C2 | 1.3920 (16) | C10—C11 | 1.3905 (16) |
C1—C7 | 1.5242 (16) | C10—C15 | 1.3915 (17) |
C2—C3 | 1.3926 (16) | C11—C12 | 1.3873 (16) |
C3—C4 | 1.3770 (18) | C12—C13 | 1.3799 (18) |
C3—H3A | 0.9500 | C12—H12A | 0.9500 |
C4—C5 | 1.3811 (17) | C13—C14 | 1.3780 (18) |
C5—C6 | 1.3917 (17) | C14—C15 | 1.3869 (17) |
C5—H5A | 0.9500 | C14—H14A | 0.9500 |
C6—H6A | 0.9500 | C15—H15A | 0.9500 |
C7—C8 | 1.5170 (16) | ||
C9—O1—C7 | 112.73 (9) | C7—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C6—C1—C2 | 117.47 (11) | H8A—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C6—C1—C7 | 120.34 (10) | H8B—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C2—C1—C7 | 122.13 (11) | O1—C9—C10 | 110.07 (9) |
C1—C2—C3 | 122.11 (11) | O1—C9—H9A | 109.6 |
C1—C2—Cl1 | 120.19 (9) | C10—C9—H9A | 109.6 |
C3—C2—Cl1 | 117.69 (9) | O1—C9—H9B | 109.6 |
C4—C3—C2 | 118.14 (11) | C10—C9—H9B | 109.6 |
C4—C3—H3A | 120.9 | H9A—C9—H9B | 108.2 |
C2—C3—H3A | 120.9 | C11—C10—C15 | 117.12 (11) |
C3—C4—C5 | 122.02 (11) | C11—C10—C9 | 120.55 (10) |
C3—C4—Cl2 | 118.89 (9) | C15—C10—C9 | 122.31 (10) |
C5—C4—Cl2 | 119.09 (10) | C12—C11—C10 | 123.01 (11) |
C4—C5—C6 | 118.40 (12) | C12—C11—Cl3 | 118.03 (9) |
C4—C5—H5A | 120.8 | C10—C11—Cl3 | 118.96 (9) |
C6—C5—H5A | 120.8 | C13—C12—C11 | 117.65 (11) |
C1—C6—C5 | 121.85 (11) | C13—C12—H12A | 121.2 |
C1—C6—H6A | 119.1 | C11—C12—H12A | 121.2 |
C5—C6—H6A | 119.1 | C14—C13—C12 | 121.51 (11) |
O1—C7—C8 | 106.63 (10) | C14—C13—Cl4 | 119.22 (10) |
O1—C7—C1 | 111.59 (10) | C12—C13—Cl4 | 119.27 (10) |
C8—C7—C1 | 110.86 (10) | C13—C14—C15 | 119.47 (12) |
O1—C7—H7A | 109.2 | C13—C14—H14A | 120.3 |
C8—C7—H7A | 109.2 | C15—C14—H14A | 120.3 |
C1—C7—H7A | 109.2 | C14—C15—C10 | 121.21 (11) |
C7—C8—H8A | 109.5 | C14—C15—H15A | 119.4 |
C7—C8—H8B | 109.5 | C10—C15—H15A | 119.4 |
H8A—C8—H8B | 109.5 | ||
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −0.25 (17) | C2—C1—C7—C8 | −83.23 (14) |
C7—C1—C2—C3 | 176.98 (10) | C7—O1—C9—C10 | −172.27 (9) |
C6—C1—C2—Cl1 | 179.61 (9) | O1—C9—C10—C11 | −178.34 (11) |
C7—C1—C2—Cl1 | −3.16 (15) | O1—C9—C10—C15 | 3.20 (17) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.16 (17) | C15—C10—C11—C12 | 1.43 (19) |
Cl1—C2—C3—C4 | 179.98 (8) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | −177.11 (12) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 0.65 (17) | C15—C10—C11—Cl3 | −178.37 (10) |
C2—C3—C4—Cl2 | −179.79 (8) | C9—C10—C11—Cl3 | 3.10 (16) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.72 (18) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −0.2 (2) |
Cl2—C4—C5—C6 | 179.73 (9) | Cl3—C11—C12—C13 | 179.57 (10) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 0.18 (18) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −1.24 (19) |
C7—C1—C6—C5 | −177.10 (11) | C11—C12—C13—Cl4 | 179.17 (10) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.28 (19) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 1.4 (2) |
C9—O1—C7—C8 | 166.43 (10) | Cl4—C13—C14—C15 | −178.97 (10) |
C9—O1—C7—C1 | −72.37 (12) | C13—C14—C15—C10 | −0.2 (2) |
C6—C1—C7—O1 | −24.78 (15) | C11—C10—C15—C14 | −1.21 (18) |
C2—C1—C7—O1 | 158.07 (10) | C9—C10—C15—C14 | 177.29 (12) |
C6—C1—C7—C8 | 93.92 (14) |
Cg1 is the centroid of the C1–C6 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C12—H12A···Cg1i | 0.95 | 2.97 | 3.8888 (15) | 162 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C15H12Cl4O |
Mr | 350.05 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 200 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.3755 (4), 9.9229 (4), 9.9667 (4) |
α, β, γ (°) | 62.313 (3), 70.246 (4), 71.467 (4) |
V (Å3) | 758.22 (5) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.77 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.47 × 0.42 × 0.27 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Gemini diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis RED; Oxford Diffraction, 2007) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.638, 0.812 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 10547, 4961, 3334 |
Rint | 0.015 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.756 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.031, 0.086, 1.02 |
No. of reflections | 4961 |
No. of parameters | 182 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.34, −0.25 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
Cg1 is the centroid of the C1–C6 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C12—H12A···Cg1i | 0.95 | 2.97 | 3.8888 (15) | 162 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z+1. |
Acknowledgements
CSC thanks the University of Mysore for use of their research facilities. RJB acknowledges the NSF MRI program (grant No. CHE-0619278) for funds to purchase an X-ray diffractometer.
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Ether is a class of chemical compounds which contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl or aryl groups — of general formula R–O–R'. Ethers, with their characteristic solvation abilities, excel as inert reaction media in numerous synthetic procedures. However, in practice this usefulness is often tempered by an unfortunate proclivity to facile air oxidation at ambient temperatures which leads to peroxide formation. The structures of the few related compounds viz., 4-(benzyloxy)-2-fluorobenzonitrile (Yan et al., 2007), 2-benzyloxy-3-nitropyridine (Cui et al., 2005), 2,6-bis[2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)ethyl]biphenyl (Moratti et al., 2007), 3-tert-butyl-4-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(trimethylsilyloxy)oxetane and 2-(2-benzyloxyphenyl)-3-tert-butyl-3-(trimethylsilyloxy)oxetane (Kotila et al., 1996), bis-lactim ethers of cyclic dipeptides: Compounds derived from cyclo(Gly-L-Val) (Bolte et al., 1999) and 5-benzyloxy-1-phenyltetrazole: catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of benzyl ethers (Brigas et al., 1999) are already reported. In view of the importance of ethers, the synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound, (I), is reported.
In the title compound, C15H12Cl4O, (I), the dihedral angle between the least squares planes of the two benzene rings is 82.6 (9)° (Fig.1). The angle between the mean planes of the oxy group and the two benzene rings is 84.3 (5)° and 10.8 (5)°, respectively. Each of the two dichloro benzene rings are stacked diagonally along the (011) plane (Fig. 2). While no classic hydrogen bonds are found, weak π–π [Cg1···Cg1 = 3.9989 (8) Å; 1 - x, 2 - y, 1 - z and Cg2···Cg2 = 3.7912 (8) Å; 2 - x, 1 - y, 2 - z] and C–H···π [C12–H12A···Cg1; Table 1] intermolecular interactions are observed. Bond length and bond angles are within normal ranges (Allen, 2002).
Following geometry optimization using AM1 with MOPAC (Schmidt & Polik, 2007) and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations (Schmidt & Polik, 2007) at the B3LYP/6–31G(d) level (Becke, 1988, 1993; Lee et al., 1988; Hehre et al., 1986) with the Gaussian03 program package (Frisch at al., 2004), the dihedral angle between the least squares planes of the two benzene rings becomes 83.6 (3)° (AM1) or 85.9 (6)° (DFT). The angles between the mean planes of the oxy group and the two benzene rings become 86.4 (2) and 3.5 (6)° (AM1) or 88.6 (5) and 5.5 (3)° (DFT), respectively. It is clear that the weak π–π and C—H···π intermolecular interactions do influence crystal packing stability.