organic compounds
Nitrofurantoin methanol monosolvate
aInstitute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, and bDepartment of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
*Correspondence e-mail: venugopal_vangala@ices.a-star.edu.sg, reginald_tan@ices.a-star.edu.sg
The antibiotic nitrofurantoin {systematic name: (E)-1-[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione} crystallizes as a methanol monosolvate, C8H6N4O5·CH4O. The nitrofurantoin molecule adopts a nearly planar conformation (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0344 Å). Hydrogen bonds involve the co-operative N—H⋯O—H⋯O heterosynthons between the cyclic imide of nitrofurantoin and methanol O—H groups. There are also C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the nitrofurantoin molecules which support the key hydrogen-bonding synthon. The overall crystal packing is further assisted by weak C—H⋯O interactions, giving a herringbone pattern.
Related literature
For ); Byrn et al. (1999); Aitipamula et al. (2010). For nitrofurantoin hydrate and anhydrate crystal structures, see: Otsuka et al. (1991); Pienaar et al. (1993a,b); Bertolasi et al. (1993) and for nitrofurantoin pseudopolymorphs, see: Caira et al. (1996); Tutughamiarso et al. (2011). For a 1:1 involving nitrofurantoin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, see: Vangala et al. (2011). For hydrogen bonding, see: Desiraju & Steiner (1999); Desiraju (2002, 2007).
and pseudopolymorphs, see: Bernstein (2002Experimental
Crystal data
|
Refinement
|
Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2008); cell CrystalClear; data reduction: CrystalClear; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: X-SEED (Barbour, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811003679/ng5112sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811003679/ng5112Isup2.hkl
The title psuedopolymorph was obtained by evaporative crystallization during attempts to co-crystallize a commercially available (purchased from Aldrich) nitrofurantoin (β-form, 119 mg, 0.5 mmol) with fumaric acid (58 mg, 0.5 mmol) in methanol (25 ml) at ambient conditions. The yellow needle shaped crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were obtained in three days.
All H atoms bonded to C, N, O atoms were located in a difference map and allowed to ride on their parent atoms in the
cycles.Data collection: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2008); cell
CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2008); data reduction: CrystalClear (Rigak, 2008); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: X-SEED (Barbour, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).C8H6N4O5·CH4O | Dx = 1.591 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 270.21 | Melting point: 547 K |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 6.4084 (13) Å | Cell parameters from 2901 reflections |
b = 6.5941 (13) Å | θ = 1.5–31.2° |
c = 26.705 (5) Å | µ = 0.14 mm−1 |
β = 91.70 (3)° | T = 110 K |
V = 1128.0 (4) Å3 | Block, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.13 × 0.11 × 0.11 mm |
F(000) = 560 |
Rigaku Saturn 70 CCD area-deterctor diffractometer | 3299 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2849 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.048 |
ω scans | θmax = 31.2°, θmin = 3.2° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2008) | h = −6→9 |
Tmin = 0.983, Tmax = 0.985 | k = −8→9 |
17441 measured reflections | l = −37→37 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.071 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.129 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.24 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.033P)2 + 0.7077P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3299 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
212 parameters | Δρmax = 0.24 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.26 e Å−3 |
C8H6N4O5·CH4O | V = 1128.0 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 270.21 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 6.4084 (13) Å | µ = 0.14 mm−1 |
b = 6.5941 (13) Å | T = 110 K |
c = 26.705 (5) Å | 0.13 × 0.11 × 0.11 mm |
β = 91.70 (3)° |
Rigaku Saturn 70 CCD area-deterctor diffractometer | 3299 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2008) | 2849 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.983, Tmax = 0.985 | Rint = 0.048 |
17441 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.071 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.129 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.24 | Δρmax = 0.24 e Å−3 |
3299 reflections | Δρmin = −0.26 e Å−3 |
212 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O6 | 0.9997 (2) | −0.1389 (2) | 0.22463 (5) | 0.0263 (3) | |
C9 | 0.9409 (4) | −0.0216 (3) | 0.18136 (8) | 0.0278 (4) | |
H9C | 0.997 (4) | 0.115 (4) | 0.1824 (10) | 0.042 (7)* | |
H9B | 0.990 (4) | −0.085 (4) | 0.1496 (10) | 0.039 (7)* | |
H9A | 0.786 (4) | −0.017 (4) | 0.1807 (10) | 0.047 (8)* | |
H6 | 1.134 (5) | −0.139 (4) | 0.2267 (10) | 0.046 (8)* | |
O3 | 0.6808 (2) | 0.3602 (2) | 0.58168 (5) | 0.0284 (3) | |
N3 | 0.5389 (2) | 0.0501 (2) | 0.36110 (6) | 0.0215 (3) | |
O2 | 0.4103 (2) | 0.4243 (2) | 0.62695 (5) | 0.0295 (3) | |
C7 | 0.5011 (3) | −0.0753 (3) | 0.28106 (7) | 0.0215 (4) | |
N2 | 0.5159 (3) | 0.1188 (2) | 0.40903 (6) | 0.0215 (3) | |
N4 | 0.7053 (3) | −0.0642 (3) | 0.29543 (6) | 0.0221 (3) | |
C4 | 0.3538 (3) | 0.3193 (3) | 0.54700 (7) | 0.0217 (4) | |
C8 | 0.3751 (3) | −0.0024 (3) | 0.32458 (7) | 0.0212 (4) | |
C1 | 0.2822 (3) | 0.2104 (3) | 0.47230 (7) | 0.0210 (4) | |
C6 | 0.7351 (3) | 0.0089 (3) | 0.34419 (7) | 0.0218 (4) | |
C3 | 0.1432 (3) | 0.3112 (3) | 0.54369 (8) | 0.0250 (4) | |
C2 | 0.0962 (3) | 0.2407 (3) | 0.49475 (8) | 0.0238 (4) | |
C5 | 0.3262 (3) | 0.1396 (3) | 0.42254 (7) | 0.0214 (4) | |
H5 | 0.208 (3) | 0.109 (3) | 0.4017 (8) | 0.016 (5)* | |
H2 | −0.034 (4) | 0.218 (3) | 0.4794 (9) | 0.027 (6)* | |
H8B | 0.284 (4) | −0.114 (4) | 0.3365 (9) | 0.028 (6)* | |
O1 | 0.4459 (2) | 0.2587 (2) | 0.50437 (5) | 0.0212 (3) | |
H4 | 0.807 (4) | −0.098 (4) | 0.2753 (10) | 0.039 (7)* | |
H3 | 0.053 (4) | 0.348 (4) | 0.5693 (9) | 0.034 (7)* | |
H8A | 0.292 (4) | 0.116 (4) | 0.3134 (9) | 0.038 (7)* | |
O5 | 0.4315 (2) | −0.1331 (2) | 0.24050 (5) | 0.0259 (3) | |
O4 | 0.9013 (2) | 0.0278 (2) | 0.36653 (5) | 0.0281 (3) | |
N1 | 0.4910 (3) | 0.3720 (2) | 0.58760 (6) | 0.0226 (3) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O6 | 0.0204 (7) | 0.0356 (8) | 0.0228 (7) | 0.0026 (6) | 0.0015 (6) | 0.0021 (6) |
C9 | 0.0291 (11) | 0.0273 (10) | 0.0269 (10) | −0.0001 (8) | 0.0004 (8) | 0.0039 (8) |
O3 | 0.0195 (7) | 0.0364 (8) | 0.0294 (7) | −0.0017 (6) | 0.0000 (6) | −0.0018 (6) |
N3 | 0.0171 (8) | 0.0272 (8) | 0.0200 (7) | −0.0002 (6) | 0.0007 (6) | −0.0018 (6) |
O2 | 0.0340 (8) | 0.0333 (8) | 0.0216 (7) | −0.0004 (6) | 0.0075 (6) | −0.0031 (6) |
C7 | 0.0192 (9) | 0.0216 (9) | 0.0236 (9) | 0.0011 (7) | −0.0004 (7) | 0.0016 (7) |
N2 | 0.0243 (8) | 0.0214 (8) | 0.0186 (7) | −0.0018 (6) | 0.0003 (6) | 0.0005 (6) |
N4 | 0.0176 (8) | 0.0279 (8) | 0.0208 (8) | 0.0013 (6) | 0.0019 (6) | 0.0001 (6) |
C4 | 0.0229 (9) | 0.0212 (9) | 0.0211 (8) | 0.0006 (7) | 0.0037 (7) | −0.0008 (7) |
C8 | 0.0179 (9) | 0.0240 (9) | 0.0215 (9) | 0.0005 (7) | −0.0014 (7) | −0.0014 (7) |
C1 | 0.0189 (9) | 0.0205 (9) | 0.0236 (9) | −0.0006 (7) | −0.0003 (7) | 0.0020 (7) |
C6 | 0.0184 (9) | 0.0242 (9) | 0.0228 (9) | −0.0016 (7) | 0.0000 (7) | 0.0027 (7) |
C3 | 0.0229 (10) | 0.0254 (10) | 0.0269 (10) | 0.0021 (8) | 0.0058 (8) | 0.0014 (7) |
C2 | 0.0187 (9) | 0.0250 (9) | 0.0276 (10) | 0.0004 (7) | −0.0003 (8) | 0.0025 (7) |
C5 | 0.0185 (9) | 0.0214 (9) | 0.0241 (9) | −0.0001 (7) | −0.0012 (7) | 0.0003 (7) |
O1 | 0.0196 (7) | 0.0246 (7) | 0.0195 (6) | 0.0005 (5) | 0.0015 (5) | −0.0007 (5) |
O5 | 0.0235 (7) | 0.0324 (8) | 0.0217 (7) | 0.0007 (6) | −0.0016 (5) | −0.0036 (5) |
O4 | 0.0186 (7) | 0.0390 (8) | 0.0267 (7) | −0.0029 (6) | −0.0004 (5) | 0.0026 (6) |
N1 | 0.0246 (9) | 0.0215 (8) | 0.0219 (8) | −0.0017 (6) | 0.0026 (6) | 0.0013 (6) |
O6—C9 | 1.432 (2) | N4—H4 | 0.88 (3) |
O6—H6 | 0.86 (3) | C4—C3 | 1.351 (3) |
C9—H9C | 0.97 (3) | C4—O1 | 1.358 (2) |
C9—H9B | 1.00 (3) | C4—N1 | 1.419 (3) |
C9—H9A | 1.00 (3) | C8—H8B | 1.00 (2) |
O3—N1 | 1.234 (2) | C8—H8A | 0.99 (3) |
N3—N2 | 1.370 (2) | C1—C2 | 1.365 (3) |
N3—C6 | 1.375 (2) | C1—O1 | 1.372 (2) |
N3—C8 | 1.454 (2) | C1—C5 | 1.444 (3) |
O2—N1 | 1.234 (2) | C6—O4 | 1.212 (2) |
C7—O5 | 1.220 (2) | C3—C2 | 1.411 (3) |
C7—N4 | 1.355 (2) | C3—H3 | 0.94 (2) |
C7—C8 | 1.513 (3) | C2—H2 | 0.93 (2) |
N2—C5 | 1.286 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.95 (2) |
N4—C6 | 1.396 (2) | ||
C9—O6—H6 | 107.0 (19) | N3—C8—H8A | 112.7 (15) |
O6—C9—H9C | 112.9 (16) | C7—C8—H8A | 108.3 (15) |
O6—C9—H9B | 112.2 (15) | H8B—C8—H8A | 111.3 (19) |
H9C—C9—H9B | 106 (2) | C2—C1—O1 | 110.68 (17) |
O6—C9—H9A | 105.6 (16) | C2—C1—C5 | 130.44 (18) |
H9C—C9—H9A | 110 (2) | O1—C1—C5 | 118.88 (16) |
H9B—C9—H9A | 109 (2) | O4—C6—N3 | 128.06 (18) |
N2—N3—C6 | 119.80 (15) | O4—C6—N4 | 126.05 (18) |
N2—N3—C8 | 127.60 (15) | N3—C6—N4 | 105.89 (16) |
C6—N3—C8 | 112.43 (15) | C4—C3—C2 | 104.99 (17) |
O5—C7—N4 | 126.39 (18) | C4—C3—H3 | 125.3 (16) |
O5—C7—C8 | 126.25 (17) | C2—C3—H3 | 129.7 (16) |
N4—C7—C8 | 107.36 (16) | C1—C2—C3 | 106.88 (18) |
C5—N2—N3 | 115.25 (16) | C1—C2—H2 | 124.4 (15) |
C7—N4—C6 | 112.76 (16) | C3—C2—H2 | 128.8 (15) |
C7—N4—H4 | 122.4 (17) | N2—C5—C1 | 120.33 (17) |
C6—N4—H4 | 124.8 (17) | N2—C5—H5 | 124.0 (13) |
C3—C4—O1 | 113.05 (17) | C1—C5—H5 | 115.7 (13) |
C3—C4—N1 | 130.92 (18) | C4—O1—C1 | 104.40 (14) |
O1—C4—N1 | 115.98 (16) | O2—N1—O3 | 124.47 (17) |
N3—C8—C7 | 101.52 (15) | O2—N1—C4 | 116.97 (16) |
N3—C8—H8B | 112.3 (14) | O3—N1—C4 | 118.54 (16) |
C7—C8—H8B | 110.1 (14) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···O6 | 0.88 (3) | 1.88 (3) | 2.755 (2) | 170 (3) |
O6—H6···O5i | 0.86 (3) | 1.93 (3) | 2.787 (2) | 172 (3) |
C5—H5···O4ii | 0.95 (2) | 2.22 (2) | 3.155 (2) | 169.2 (18) |
C3—H3···O3ii | 0.94 (2) | 2.42 (2) | 3.176 (3) | 138 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y, z; (ii) x−1, y, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C8H6N4O5·CH4O |
Mr | 270.21 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 110 |
a, b, c (Å) | 6.4084 (13), 6.5941 (13), 26.705 (5) |
β (°) | 91.70 (3) |
V (Å3) | 1128.0 (4) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.14 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.13 × 0.11 × 0.11 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku Saturn 70 CCD area-deterctor diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrystalClear; Rigaku, 2008) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.983, 0.985 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 17441, 3299, 2849 |
Rint | 0.048 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.728 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.071, 0.129, 1.24 |
No. of reflections | 3299 |
No. of parameters | 212 |
H-atom treatment | All H-atom parameters refined |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.24, −0.26 |
Computer programs: CrystalClear (Rigaku, 2008), CrystalClear (Rigak, 2008), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), X-SEED (Barbour, 2001), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···O6 | 0.88 (3) | 1.88 (3) | 2.755 (2) | 170 (3) |
O6—H6···O5i | 0.86 (3) | 1.93 (3) | 2.787 (2) | 172 (3) |
C5—H5···O4ii | 0.95 (2) | 2.22 (2) | 3.155 (2) | 169.2 (18) |
C3—H3···O3ii | 0.94 (2) | 2.42 (2) | 3.176 (3) | 138 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y, z; (ii) x−1, y, z. |
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Council of A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore.
References
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Polymorphism is an ability of a molecule to exist in two or more crystal structures. Incorporation of solvent molecules into the crystalline lattice are routinely referred to as solvates, inclusion complexes and/or pseudopolymorphs (Bernstein, 2002; Byrn et al., 1999; Aitipamula et al., 2010). A full characterization of various crystal forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) may reveal desired physical form. Thus, it is relevant to pharmaceutical industry. Nitrofurantoin {(E)-1-[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylideneamino]imidazoldine-2,4-dione} is an antibacterial agent used in the treatment of genitourinary tract infections. It exists in both anhydrous (α- and β-) and hydrate forms (Forms I and II) (Pienaar et al., 1993a, 1993b; Bertolasi et al., 1993), and literature findings show that nitrofurantoin has poor physical properties (Otsuka et al., 1991; Caira et al., 1996). We have recently reported a 1:1 co-crystal involving nitrofurantoin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and shown that co-crystal displayed superior physicochemical and photo-stability to that of nitrofurantoin. However, co-crystallization attempt of nitrofurantoin with fumaric acid in methanol instead yielded the title pseudopolymorph, nitrofurantoin methanol monosolvate. It was reported that this API is known to form inclusion complexes with dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylacetamide (Caira et al., 1996; Tutughamiarso et al., 2011). Herein we report the structural features of a 1:1 pseudopolymorph involving nitrofurantoin and methanol (Fig. 1).
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA traces) of the title compound is shown in Fig. 2. The measured weight loss (11.6% w/w) in the temperature range of 110–140 °C is in agreement with the stoichiometric weight content for a methanol monosolvate (11.8% w/w).
Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal structure contains one molecule each of nitrofurantoin and methanol in the asymmetric unit (Fig. 1). It has crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with P21/c space group. In the structure, nitrofurantoin and methanol molecules were essentially held together by a primary co-operative synthon of N—H···O—H···O [D/Å, θ/°: 2.755 (2), 170 (3); 2.787 (2), 172 (3)] between amide N4—H4, methanolic O6—H6 and imide O5 along the a-axis (Fig. 3). In addition, there are significant C—H···O hydrogen bonds (Desiraju & Steiner 1999; Desiraju 2002; Desiraju 2007) within nitrofurantoin molecules, which lead to ribbons running along a-axis and support the key hydrogen bonding synthon (Fig. 4). It has structural reminiscences with anhydrous nitrofurantoin (β-form), where the packing is stabilized by imide catemer of N—H···O interactions (Pienaar et al., 1993b; Bertolasi et al., 1993). Here, however, it is replaced with N—H···O—H···O catemer type of heterosynthon by retaining a two fold screw axis. Recently, we have noted an identical synthon in a 1:1 co-crystal involving nitrofurantoin and phenolic co-former (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) (Vangala et al., 2011). Hence, supramolecularly methnolic O–H interacted similar to what phenolic O–H is able to do in the reported co-crystal. The overall crystal packing of the title pseudopolymorph is further assisted by weak C—H···O interactions to give a herringbone type of pattern (Fig. 5). Further analysis showed that this herringbone pattern was comparable to that of a crystal structure of nitrofurantoin dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate (Tutughamiarso et al., 2011).