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A theoretical analysis of diffraction patterns was performed for two representatives of layered perovskite-type tetragonal phases of the Ruddlesden–Popper series (RP) with the general formula An+1BnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2), which contain RP faults (layer alternation defects) in a wide range of concentrations. The results of theoretical calculations can be used in the future for correct interpretation of X-ray powder diffraction experimental data and for quantitative estimation of the deviation from stoichiometry and structural perfection of this type of compound.