Figure 10
Application of an electric field of 1 MV m−1 at different temperatures in the environment chamber to investigate strontium titanate SrTiO3 with XRD at photon energy E = 16.0 keV. Left: development of a shoulder at lower 2θ values relative to the main peak of the 004 reflection induced by the formation of the migration-induced field-stabilized polar (MFP) phase at 313 K over 8 h (time development: bright to dark). Middle: temperature dependent c parameter of cubic SrTiO3 derived from the main peak's maximum intensity of rocking scans. Right: the shoulder formed by the MFP phase at the 006 reflection is more pronounced at elevated compared with low temperatures, which indicates that part of the MFP phase volume relaxes back to the cubic state (Q corrected for thermal expansion). |