Figure 3
Shear gradient calculated from the operando imaging data experiment described in Singer et al. (2018a). (a–c) Cross-sections of the displacement field within a single grain at different stages of the battery charging. (d–f) Strain field, ∂uy/∂y. (g–k) Displacement gradient ∂uy/∂x perpendicular to the Q vector proposed in this work. Charge states 1 (a, d, g), 2 (b, e, h), and 3 (c, f, k) correspond to charging a lithium-rich layered oxide particle at voltages of 4.0 V, 4.2 V, and 4.3 V, respectively. |