Figure 2
Dynamic structure deformation and crack evolution observed via in situ 2D fast imaging and high-resolution 3D post mortem CT examination. (a)–(f) Snapshots of dactyl club under dynamic impact with time intervals of 6 µs. Catastrophic spalling and clear crack deflections can be spotted in situ. Image (e) shows the propagating crack starting to deflect towards (highlighted with the yellow line) the impacting point at 27 µs after the exact moment of impact, which grew further [indicated by the red arrow in (g)] and merged with another crack system nucleated right under the impact point as shown in (g). Image (g) displays a projection of the impacted dactyl club from an ex situ CT test at a similar perspective as in the in situ 2D imaging, with some major deflection sites indicated with arrows. Image (h) shows crack-branching behaviors while they were deflected towards the surface of dactyl club. (i)–(k) Slices of CT reconstruction of damaged dactyl club denoted in (g). The main crack was deflected around the interface of the impact-periodic region. Within the periodic region, the crack was deflected periodically forming a zigzag-shaped crack path. At the end of main crack, the crack branched into microcracks and propagated to the surface of dactyl club as shown in (k). (l) 3D rendering of damaged dactyl club. (m) 3D distribution of the main crack system developed in the dry dactyl club sample. Dark blue: cracks within the periodic region. Light blue: cracks within the impact region. |