Figure 4
(a) Temperature, (b) displacement normal to the surface and (c) slope along the meridional axis (x) versus time, with a zoom on the upper right corner for both (b) and (c). Parameters used in FEA: power loading pulse length tp = 1 ns, pulse energy Qp = 2.62 mJ, time increment Δt = 0.5, and default damping ratio ζ = 0.5%. Both temperature and displacement shortly reach the peak values at the center of the footprint x = 0, but the highest thermal slope error is located close to the edge of the footprint at x = FWHM/2 = 0.5 mm. |