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Figure 4
Particle motion analysis in graphite anode during charge and discharge cycles. (a) Morphology of graphite anode particles captured by an optical microscope. (b) Differential map showing particle motion before and after movement. (c) Amplitude distribution of the differential map. (d) Directional distribution of the differential map. (e) Optical flow matrix map representing particle motion. (f) Segmentation of the optical flow matrix, with different colors representing distinct clusters. (g) Compass plot illustrating the direction and magnitude of the optical flow. (h) Histogram of particle motion amplitudes observed during electrochemical cycling at 1/20 C and 1/30 C rates. (i)–(j) Plots showing the trend of the (i) average optical flow direction and (j) amplitude as a function of box size in defined regions.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 32| Part 2| March 2025|
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577524012293
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