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Figure 3
Representations of noise, ring and zinger artifacts in projection, sinogram and reconstruction stages. Red patterns are schematic illustrations of distortions. Noise is a local artifact in images of all stages. Distorted pixel values in the same positions of projection images become a line in the sinogram, resulting in a ring artifact in the reconstructed image. Extremely high pixel values (randomly distributed in different positions) remain as high-value spots in the sinogram and cause crossing lines in the reconstructed image as zinger artifacts.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 32| Part 2| March 2025| Pages 442-456
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525000359
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