Figure 12
XES spectra of different niobium compounds with different electronic states: NbIIICl3, NbIVO2, Nb O5, NbVN and NbVF5. All samples were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich as powders, which were mixed with boron nitride and pressed into pellets. The signal background from all spectra was removed. Panel (a) shows the Kβ1,3 spectra and the peak profiles were normalized to the area (to better show the profile difference); panel (b) shows the valence-to-core (VtC) spectra, also normalized to the peak intensity (to better show the peak position difference). |