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Figure 6
Conductivity range for effective aerosol generation by the CHeES injector. A wide spectrum of sample conductivities from 0 to 40000 µS cm−1 could be injected, exceeding the conventional electrospray system. Adjusting the outer liquid flow rates from (a) 401 nL min−1 to (b) 602 nL min−1 affected minimal and maximal flow rates for the inner fluid only marginally. Inner droplet sizes of 60–340 nm diameter were aerosolized in both cases, with an inverse correlation against sample conductivity. Three conditions covering low-, mid- and high-conductivity regimes, here indicated by black arrows, were selected for a detailed volume analysis for both outer flow rates tested.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 32| Part 4| July 2025| Pages 849-860
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525003686
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