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Figure 14
(a1) High-SNR operando XANES dataset and corresponding MCR results. (a2) The corresponding MCR-extracted component spectra and (a3) corresponding concentration profiles as a function of time. (b1) Low-SNR operando dataset obtained by using ten times fewer spectra for temporal binning compared with the high-SNR data. (b2) The corresponding MCR component spectra and (b3) resulting concentration profiles, both of which exhibit non-physical spectra and temporal dynamics. Dashed black curves indicate the high-SNR reference concentrations for comparison. (c1) Same low-SNR dataset after denoising, which results in physically correct (c2) MCR component spectra and (c3) concentration profiles, showing substantially improved agreement compared with high-SNR spectra. These results demonstrate that denoising improves the robustness and stability of MCR analysis for noisy operando XANES measurements without introducing additional spectral features. The Pt L3-edge XAS operando spectra were denoised using a 2D moving average filter along both temporal and energy axes, together with stationarity warping. |

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