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Figure 2
PIPS detector. (a) Trace of PIPS detector signal generated from the hybrid superbunch, which consists of eight septuplets and spans 500 ns. The time resolution of the PIPS detector is insufficient to resolve the septuplets, which are spaced by 2.84 ns. The integral of this pulse train corresponds to approximately 2.6 nC charge, which in turn corresponds to 6.5 × 1010 12 keV photons. (b) Integrated charge recorded for 512 consecutive images with each representing the integral of 160 superbunches. The intensity decays at a characteristic rate with periodic top-up boosting the integrated bunch charge.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 33| Part 3| May 2026| Pages 562-579
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577526001451
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