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Figure 7
The ratio of two signals, laser on and laser off, as a function of Q at different time delays. Experimental data are shown as open symbols (squares −5 ps, triangles 5 ps, stars 50 ps and circles 150 ps), while the red solid and dashed lines represent calculations for average particle size expansions of 0.15% and 0.08%, respectively. The curves and datasets are vertically offset for clarity. Grey shaded regions mark the Q ranges where the calculated ratio signal remains unchanged (see Fig. 6[link]). Outside these regions, the ratio signal increases at higher Q values and decreases at lower Q values. A hint of time-resolved signal is observed at 5 ps, indicating the possible expansion of the nanospheres shortly after laser excitation. Due to the small signal amplitude and poor signal-to-noise ratio, this time point was not considered in the quantitative analysis. The maximum thermal expansion of the nanospheres is observed at 50 ps after laser excitation and gradually decays at longer delay times as the temperature decreases. At 150 ps, the ratio signal remains detectable but is substantially weaker than at 50 ps and approaches the noise level.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 33| Part 5| September 2026|
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577526006508
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