A Genetic Algorithm for the Ab Initio Phasing of Icosahedral Viruses

Efficient survey methods have been developed for ab initio phasing of low-resolution X-ray diffraction data from highly symmetric structures such as viruses. A direct-space parameterization incorporating structural symmetry is linked to a genetic algorithm, and novel selection criteria are used focusing on detecting possible Babinet crossovers.

Direct-Space Methods in Phase Extension and Phase Refinement. IV. The Double-Histogram Method.

In the double-histogram method electron density is modified to give a target histogram which depends on either the maximum for the variance of local density contained in a spherical volume around each point. This is shown to be far more effective than the conventional histogram-matching method.

Statistical Expectation Value of the Debye–Waller Factor and E(hkl) Values for Macromolecular Crystals

The statistical evaluation of the Debye-Waller factor for a unit-cell distribution of atomic B values is used to improve intensity modfication for protein crystals.

Experiments in Microgravity: A Comparison of Crystals of a Carbohydrate-Binding Fab Grown on the Ground, on Space Shuttle Discovery and on Space Staion Mir

Crystals of the Fab from antibody YsT9.1 were grown aboard space shuttle Discovery, space station Mir and on the ground. A small but significant improvement in crystal quality was observed in the crystals that were grown in microgravity over the corresponding ground-based experiments.

An Ambiguous Structure of a DNA 15-mer Thrombin Complex

In the structure of a DNA 15-mer thrombin complex two different binding orientations for the 15-mer fit the X-ray diffraction data equally well.

X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Crystals Containing Twofold Symmetric Nucleosome Core Particles

We have grown crystals containing twofold symmetric nucleosome core particles prepared using an improved purification technique. X-ray data collected using a rotating-anode source demonstrates that diffraction is isotropic to 3.2 Å; with observed reflections extending to d spacings of 2.8 Å.

Refined Structure of the Chitinase from Barley Seeds at 2.0 Å Resolution

The structure of chitinase from barley seeds has been determined by molecular replacement and refined at 2.0 Å resolution.

DNA–Drug Refinement: a Comparison of the Programs NUCLSQ, PROLSQ, SHELXL93 and X-PLOR, Using the Low-Temperature d(TGATCA)–Nogalamycin Structure

A comparative X-ray refinement study on a drug-DNA complex utilizing a single 1.4 Å data set collected at 120 K. Four refinement programs are used and comparisons are made between different srategies of refinement and the resulting models obtained.

Refined Structure of the Monoclonal Antibody HyHEL-5 with its Antigen Hen Egg-White Lysozyme

The crystal structure of the complex of the antibody Fab, HyHEL-5, with its antigen, hen egg-white lysozyme, has been refined to an R value of 0.196. The resulting model has improved phases compared to the previously reported model, PDB reference 2HFL, permitting the reliable location of a number of water molecules and a better definition of the antibody-antigen interface.

Ribonuclease from Streptomyces aureofaciens at Atomic Resolution

Two structures of RNase Sa at 1.2 Å resolution were refined with isotropic and anisotropic temperature factors. A comparison of different refinement procedures was made.

How to Escape from Model Bias with a High-Resolution Native Data Set – Structure Determination of the PcpA-S6 Subunit III

To remove the bias introduced by the molecular replacement model, an automated refinement procedure [Lamzin & Wilson (1992). Acta Cryst. D49, 129-147] was successfully applied in solving the PcpA subunit III structure. This procedure provided a dramatic improvement of the map which led to extensive rebuilding of the model.

Three-Dimensional Structure of Cytochrome c' from Two Alcaligenes Species and the Implications for Four-Helix Bundle Structures

The crystal structures of cytochrome c^' from two Alcaligenes species have been determined at high resolution. The structures are analysed in terms of conservation in the cytochrme c^' family and the principles of four-helix bundle proteins.

Structure of a Functional Fragment of VCAM-1 Refined at 1.9 Å Resolution

The crystal srtructure of the functional fragment of VCAM-1 has been refined to 1.9 Å. The feature of integrin-binding site is discussed.

1.8 Å Structure of Hypoderma lineatum Collagenase: a Member of the Serine Proteinase Family

X-ray structure of a serine collagenase. The two molecules of the asymmetric unit mimic protein/inhibitor interactions.

Refined Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Xylanase A from Pseudomonas fluorescens at 1.8 Å Resolution

The three-dimensional structure of the catalytic domain of xylanase A from Pseudomonas fluorescens has been refined at 1.8 Å resolution (R factor of 0.166). Three β-bulge type distortions serve to orient important active-site residues.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of pectin lyase A from Aspergillus niger

Crystals of Aspergillus niger pectin lyase have been grown and are suitable for structure determination. Data have been collected and processed to better than 2 Å resolution.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction study of aldehyde reductase from a red yeast, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor

Crystals of aldehyde reductase from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor have been grown from ammonium sulfate solution by vapor diffusion. The hexagonal crystals are in space group P6₁22 or P6₅22 and have unit-cell dimensions a = 72.2 and c = 320 Å.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of haemorrhagin IV from the snake venom of Agkistrodon acutus

A medium-sized haemorrhagin, AaHIV, from the snake venom of Agkistrodon acutus has been purified and crystallized. Its molecular weight is 44 kDa and its crystal belongs to space group C222₁

Crystallization and initial X-ray analysis of β-crustacyanin, the dimer of apoproteins A₂ and C₁, each with a bound astaxanthin molecule

β-crustacyanin crystallizes in space group P622 with crystals diffracting beyond 3.0 Å.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of two new crystal forms of calmodulin

Two new crystal forms of calmodulin, one triclinic and one orthorhombic (P2₁2₁2₁) are described.

Preliminary crystallographic studies of a protein from Pachyrrhizus erosus

A protein extracted from the seeds of Pachyrrhizus erosus crystallized in tetrgonal system with cell parameters a = b = 62.52, c = 147.42 Å, and a data set at 3.1 Å resolution has been collected.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the primary receptor (PotD) of the polyamine transport system in Escherichia coli

The primary receptor (pot D, Mr 39 000) of the polyamine transport system in Escherichia coli has been crystallized. Two crystal forms grown in the presence of spermidine are promising for structural determination at atomic resolution.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of 5-chlorolevulinate-modified bovine porphobilinogen synthase and the Pb^II-complexed enzyme

Two non-native forms of bovine porphobilinogen synthase have been crystallized in the I422 space group. The crystals diffract to 3.6-3.9 Å and the unit cell contains two octameric units.

Deposition of data with the Nucleic Acid Database