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ISSN: 2056-9890

4-Phenyl-2,6-bis­­(4-tol­yl)pyridine

aSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yu Lin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: yulinmyj@126.com

(Received 17 July 2010; accepted 7 August 2010; online 18 August 2010)

The title mol­ecule, C25H21N, situated on the crystallographic twofold axis has a symmetry point group 2. The inter­planar angles between the central pyridyl ring and the phenyl and the methyl­phenyl rings are 32.8 (2) and 23.7 (2)°, respectively. In the crystal packing, the central pyridyl rings of adjacent mol­ecules are involved in ππ inter­actions, forming one-dimensional arrays along the c axis with centroid–centroid distances of 3.714 (1) Å.

Related literature

For the synthesis of Kröhnke-type pyridines, see: Cave & Raston (2001[Cave, G. W. V. & Raston, C. L. (2001). J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, pp. 3258-3264.]); Kröhnke (1976[Kröhnke, F. (1976). Synthesis, pp. 1-24.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C25H21N

  • Mr = 335.43

  • Orthorhombic, P c c a

  • a = 21.234 (3) Å

  • b = 12.0489 (15) Å

  • c = 7.3601 (10) Å

  • V = 1883.1 (4) Å3

  • Z = 4

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.07 mm−1

  • T = 295 K

  • 0.24 × 0.16 × 0.14 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker SMART APEX area-detector diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996[Sheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.984, Tmax = 0.991

  • 6295 measured reflections

  • 1833 independent reflections

  • 1130 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.030

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.058

  • wR(F2) = 0.179

  • S = 1.02

  • 1833 reflections

  • 121 parameters

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.13 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.12 e Å−3

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2002[Bruker (2002). SMART and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2002[Bruker (2002). SMART and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL and PLATON (Spek, 2009[Spek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148-155.]).

Supporting information


Comment top

The Kröhnke type pyridines with different substituents as well as their syntheses have been widely studied. The reason is a prominent functionalization of the Kröhnke type pyridines as building blocks in both organic and inorganic supramolecular chemistry (Cave & Raston, 2001; Kröhnke, 1976). In this article, the synthesis and the crystal structure of a new Kröhnke type pyridine compound, 4-phenyl-2,6-bis-(4-tolyl)-pyridine, is presented.

The title molecule shows symmetry 2. The two-fold axis passes through the central pyridine N1, C10, C11, C14 and H14 atoms (Fig. 1). The interplanar angle between central pyridyl ring (N1—C10) and the phenyl ring (C11—C14) is 32.8 (2)°, while the interplanar angle between the central pyridyl ring and methylphenyl ring (C2—C7) equals to 23.7 (2)°. The central pyridyl rings of the adjacent molecules are connected by intermolecular π-electron ring···π-electron ring interactions to form one-dimensional arrays along the c axis. The pertinent centroid-to-centroid distances equal to 3.714 (1) Å (Fig. 2). The centroid coordinates are 0.00000 (3), 0.52074 (7), 0.25000 (7) (Spek, 2009).

Related literature top

For the synthesis of Kröhnke-type pyridines, see: Cave & Raston (2001); Kröhnke (1976).

Experimental top

The mixture of benzaldehyde (1.06 g, 10 mmol), 4-methylacetophenone (2.68 g, 20 mmol) and NaOH (0.80 g, 20 mmol) in water (20 ml) and 95% ethanol (20 ml) was stirred for 3 h at room temperature, then the solution of ammonium acetate (7.70 g, 100 mmol) in 95% ethanol (60 ml) was added, and further refluxed at 343 K for 8 h. The resulting solution was cooled, solvent reduced to 20 ml to give a white precipitate which was collected by filtration and washed with ethanol. Recrystallization from 95% ethanol gave colorless prism crystals of the title compound with sizes of about 2.0 × 0.5 × 0.1 mm. Yield: 0.41 g (12%).

Refinement top

All the hydrogens were observable in the difference electron density map. However, they were placed into the idealized positions and refined using a riding atom formalism. C-Haryl=0.93Å, C-Hmethyl=0.96 Å. Uiso(Haryl)=1.2Ueq(Caryl); Uiso(Hmethyl)=1.5Ueq(Cmethyl).

Structure description top

The Kröhnke type pyridines with different substituents as well as their syntheses have been widely studied. The reason is a prominent functionalization of the Kröhnke type pyridines as building blocks in both organic and inorganic supramolecular chemistry (Cave & Raston, 2001; Kröhnke, 1976). In this article, the synthesis and the crystal structure of a new Kröhnke type pyridine compound, 4-phenyl-2,6-bis-(4-tolyl)-pyridine, is presented.

The title molecule shows symmetry 2. The two-fold axis passes through the central pyridine N1, C10, C11, C14 and H14 atoms (Fig. 1). The interplanar angle between central pyridyl ring (N1—C10) and the phenyl ring (C11—C14) is 32.8 (2)°, while the interplanar angle between the central pyridyl ring and methylphenyl ring (C2—C7) equals to 23.7 (2)°. The central pyridyl rings of the adjacent molecules are connected by intermolecular π-electron ring···π-electron ring interactions to form one-dimensional arrays along the c axis. The pertinent centroid-to-centroid distances equal to 3.714 (1) Å (Fig. 2). The centroid coordinates are 0.00000 (3), 0.52074 (7), 0.25000 (7) (Spek, 2009).

For the synthesis of Kröhnke-type pyridines, see: Cave & Raston (2001); Kröhnke (1976).

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2002); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The title molecule with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level. The H atoms are shown as spheres of arbitrary radii. The atoms labelled by "A" are related to their counterparts by the rotation by 180° about the crystallographic two-fold axis.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. Packing diagram of the title compound showing the intermolecular π-electron ring···π-electron ring interactions as dashed lines. The H atoms have been omitted for clarity.
4-Phenyl-2,6-bis(4-tolyl)pyridine top
Crystal data top
C25H21NF(000) = 712
Mr = 335.43Dx = 1.183 Mg m3
Orthorhombic, PccaMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2a 2acCell parameters from 1019 reflections
a = 21.234 (3) Åθ = 2.6–23.3°
b = 12.0489 (15) ŵ = 0.07 mm1
c = 7.3601 (10) ÅT = 295 K
V = 1883.1 (4) Å3Prism, colourless
Z = 40.24 × 0.16 × 0.14 mm
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEX area-detector
diffractometer
1833 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube1130 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.030
φ and ω scansθmax = 26.0°, θmin = 2.6°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
h = 2626
Tmin = 0.984, Tmax = 0.991k = 1412
6295 measured reflectionsl = 92
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.058Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map
wR(F2) = 0.179H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.02 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.091P)2 + 0.1078P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
1833 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
121 parametersΔρmax = 0.13 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.12 e Å3
41 constraints
Crystal data top
C25H21NV = 1883.1 (4) Å3
Mr = 335.43Z = 4
Orthorhombic, PccaMo Kα radiation
a = 21.234 (3) ŵ = 0.07 mm1
b = 12.0489 (15) ÅT = 295 K
c = 7.3601 (10) Å0.24 × 0.16 × 0.14 mm
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEX area-detector
diffractometer
1833 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
1130 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.984, Tmax = 0.991Rint = 0.030
6295 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0580 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.179H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.02Δρmax = 0.13 e Å3
1833 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.12 e Å3
121 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
N10.00000.63606 (17)0.25000.0650 (6)
C10.28100 (10)0.8434 (2)0.3583 (5)0.1274 (12)
H1A0.31710.79580.34740.191*
H1B0.28110.87800.47580.191*
H1C0.28260.89940.26570.191*
C20.22150 (10)0.7754 (2)0.3362 (4)0.0965 (8)
C30.16260 (9)0.81731 (18)0.3759 (4)0.0895 (8)
H30.15910.88990.41790.107*
C40.10883 (9)0.75416 (17)0.3549 (3)0.0778 (6)
H40.06990.78470.38360.093*
C50.11203 (8)0.64629 (16)0.2921 (3)0.0686 (6)
C60.17095 (9)0.6050 (2)0.2485 (4)0.0993 (9)
H60.17470.53310.20360.119*
C70.22435 (10)0.6695 (2)0.2710 (5)0.1153 (11)
H70.26340.63970.24070.138*
C80.05366 (8)0.57880 (17)0.2701 (2)0.0637 (5)
C90.05510 (8)0.46379 (17)0.2715 (2)0.0670 (6)
H90.09320.42700.28700.080*
C100.00000.4032 (2)0.25000.0640 (7)
C110.00000.2803 (2)0.25000.0657 (7)
C120.04268 (9)0.22100 (17)0.3546 (3)0.0748 (6)
H120.07180.25900.42570.090*
C130.04258 (10)0.10657 (18)0.3546 (3)0.0882 (7)
H130.07150.06820.42570.106*
C140.00000.0489 (3)0.25000.0930 (10)
H140.00000.02830.25000.112*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
N10.0574 (12)0.0664 (14)0.0710 (15)0.0000.0003 (10)0.000
C10.0739 (15)0.116 (2)0.193 (4)0.0204 (13)0.0066 (18)0.0032 (19)
C20.0660 (14)0.0832 (17)0.140 (2)0.0064 (12)0.0059 (13)0.0046 (15)
C30.0723 (15)0.0760 (14)0.120 (2)0.0075 (11)0.0012 (12)0.0090 (13)
C40.0614 (12)0.0758 (14)0.0961 (15)0.0008 (10)0.0040 (10)0.0063 (12)
C50.0567 (11)0.0685 (12)0.0805 (13)0.0009 (9)0.0014 (9)0.0057 (10)
C60.0675 (14)0.0712 (14)0.159 (3)0.0068 (11)0.0054 (13)0.0035 (15)
C70.0545 (13)0.0880 (18)0.203 (3)0.0053 (11)0.0060 (15)0.0033 (18)
C80.0615 (11)0.0672 (13)0.0624 (12)0.0011 (9)0.0022 (8)0.0008 (9)
C90.0631 (12)0.0688 (13)0.0692 (12)0.0039 (8)0.0005 (8)0.0019 (10)
C100.0687 (16)0.0654 (17)0.0578 (16)0.0000.0033 (12)0.000
C110.0651 (16)0.0657 (17)0.0664 (17)0.0000.0108 (12)0.000
C120.0748 (13)0.0701 (13)0.0795 (14)0.0034 (10)0.0063 (10)0.0007 (11)
C130.0885 (15)0.0759 (15)0.1001 (19)0.0089 (12)0.0109 (12)0.0086 (13)
C140.105 (2)0.0607 (18)0.114 (3)0.0000.025 (2)0.000
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
N1—C81.340 (2)C6—H60.9300
N1—C8i1.340 (2)C7—H70.9300
C1—C21.515 (3)C8—C91.386 (3)
C1—H1A0.9600C9—C101.388 (2)
C1—H1B0.9600C9—H90.9300
C1—H1C0.9600C10—C9i1.388 (2)
C2—C71.365 (3)C10—C111.480 (4)
C2—C31.380 (3)C11—C121.387 (2)
C3—C41.381 (3)C11—C12i1.387 (2)
C3—H30.9300C12—C131.379 (3)
C4—C51.381 (3)C12—H120.9300
C4—H40.9300C13—C141.376 (3)
C5—C61.384 (3)C13—H130.9300
C5—C81.491 (2)C14—C13i1.376 (3)
C6—C71.384 (3)C14—H140.9300
C8—N1—C8i118.0 (2)C2—C7—H7119.0
C2—C1—H1A109.5C6—C7—H7119.0
C2—C1—H1B109.5N1—C8—C9122.30 (17)
H1A—C1—H1B109.5N1—C8—C5115.96 (18)
C2—C1—H1C109.5C9—C8—C5121.73 (16)
H1A—C1—H1C109.5C8—C9—C10120.43 (18)
H1B—C1—H1C109.5C8—C9—H9119.8
C7—C2—C3117.2 (2)C10—C9—H9119.8
C7—C2—C1120.4 (2)C9—C10—C9i116.5 (2)
C3—C2—C1122.3 (2)C9—C10—C11121.74 (12)
C2—C3—C4121.6 (2)C9i—C10—C11121.74 (12)
C2—C3—H3119.2C12—C11—C12i118.0 (3)
C4—C3—H3119.2C12—C11—C10121.01 (13)
C3—C4—C5121.02 (19)C12i—C11—C10121.01 (13)
C3—C4—H4119.5C13—C12—C11120.9 (2)
C5—C4—H4119.5C13—C12—H12119.5
C4—C5—C6117.42 (19)C11—C12—H12119.5
C4—C5—C8120.58 (17)C14—C13—C12120.4 (2)
C6—C5—C8122.0 (2)C14—C13—H13119.8
C5—C6—C7120.7 (2)C12—C13—H13119.8
C5—C6—H6119.6C13—C14—C13i119.3 (3)
C7—C6—H6119.6C13—C14—H14120.4
C2—C7—C6122.0 (2)C13i—C14—H14120.4
C7—C2—C3—C41.5 (4)C4—C5—C8—C9156.5 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C4180.0 (2)C6—C5—C8—C924.5 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C50.4 (4)N1—C8—C9—C100.7 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C61.0 (3)C5—C8—C9—C10179.76 (15)
C3—C4—C5—C8179.96 (19)C8—C9—C10—C9i0.31 (12)
C4—C5—C6—C71.2 (4)C8—C9—C10—C11179.69 (12)
C8—C5—C6—C7179.8 (2)C9—C10—C11—C1232.62 (13)
C3—C2—C7—C61.3 (4)C9i—C10—C11—C12147.38 (13)
C1—C2—C7—C6179.8 (3)C9—C10—C11—C12i147.38 (13)
C5—C6—C7—C20.0 (5)C9i—C10—C11—C12i32.62 (12)
C8i—N1—C8—C90.33 (12)C12i—C11—C12—C130.07 (14)
C8i—N1—C8—C5179.93 (18)C10—C11—C12—C13179.93 (14)
C4—C5—C8—N123.1 (3)C11—C12—C13—C140.1 (3)
C6—C5—C8—N1155.9 (2)C12—C13—C14—C13i0.07 (14)
Symmetry code: (i) x, y, z+1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC25H21N
Mr335.43
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, Pcca
Temperature (K)295
a, b, c (Å)21.234 (3), 12.0489 (15), 7.3601 (10)
V3)1883.1 (4)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.07
Crystal size (mm)0.24 × 0.16 × 0.14
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART APEX area-detector
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
Tmin, Tmax0.984, 0.991
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
6295, 1833, 1130
Rint0.030
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.617
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.058, 0.179, 1.02
No. of reflections1833
No. of parameters121
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.13, 0.12

Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2002), SAINT (Bruker, 2002), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

 

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the fundamental research projects of natural science of Shaanxi Province (Nos. 2010K14-02-23) and the scientific research plan projects of Shaanxi Education Department (Nos. 09JK837).

References

First citationBruker (2002). SMART and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationCave, G. W. V. & Raston, C. L. (2001). J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, pp. 3258–3264.  Google Scholar
First citationKröhnke, F. (1976). Synthesis, pp. 1–24.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationSpek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar

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