Free-electron lasers and JSR

Editorial.

Using an in-vacuum CCD detector for simultaneous small- and wide-angle scattering at beamline X9

The use of an in-vacuum CCD detector to accomplish simultaneous SAXS and WAXS measurements in both transmission and grazing incident geometries is described.

Sagittal focusing of synchrotron radiation X-rays using a winged crystal

A Si(111) winged crystal has been designed for sagittal focusing of synchrotron radiation X-rays. The results of performance tests at beamlines are reported.

Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence studies of a bromine-labelled cyclic RGD peptide interacting with individual tumor cells

The first example of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging of cultured mammalian cells in cyclic peptide research is reported. The study reports the first quantitative analysis of the incorporation of a bromine-labelled cyclic RGD peptide and its effects on the biodistribution of endogenous elements (for example, K and Cl) within individual tumor cells.

Performance calculations of the X-ray powder diffraction beamline at NSLS-II

The optical layout and performance of the X-ray Powder Diffraction beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II are described numerically and by means of ray tracing using SHADOW.

Suppression of Bragg reflection glitches of a single-crystal diamond anvil cell by a polycapillary half-lens in high-pressure XAFS spectroscopy

A polycapillary half-lens has been demonstrated to suppress efficiently the Bragg reflection glitches of a single-crystal DAC for high-pressure XAFS measurements.

Mo/Si multilayer-coated amplitude-division beam splitters for XUV radiation sources

Short-wavelength XUV beam splitters consisting of multilayer reflective and transmissive coatings on 3 × 3 mm and 10 × 10 mm SiN membranes have been developed and fully characterized.

Spectrometer for hard X-ray free-electron laser based on diffraction focusing

A diffraction focusing spectrometer is proposed which is able to measure the whole energy spectrum of the radiation at the same time. It is well suited for measurements of the single pulses of hard X-ray free-electron lasers.

An X-ray Raman spectrometer for EXAFS studies on minerals: bent Laue spectrometer with 20 keV X-rays

An X-ray Raman spectrometer for studies of local structures in minerals is discussed. A spectrometer utilizing 20 keV X-rays and a bent Laue analyzer is proposed.

Optimizing and characterizing grating efficiency for a soft X-ray emission spectrometer

The efficiency of soft X-ray diffraction gratings is examined using theoretical calculations with new open-source software, and insights to design a high-performance emission spectrometer are applied. The calculated and measured efficiencies of real-world gratings are compared, and discrepancies are explained by incorporating real-world effects into the calculations.

Qu­antitative visualization of a gas diffusion layer in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using synchrotron X-ray imaging techniques

The porosity distribution of a gas diffusion layer shows cyclic variation under freeze-and-thaw cycles. A small porosity variation induces a large change of permeability in the gas diffusion layer.

Development of fast, simultaneous and multi-technique scanning hard X-ray microscopy at Synchrotron Soleil

A distributed fast-acquisition system for synchronized multi-technique experiments, named FLYSCAN, has been developed at Synchrotron Soleil and was tested for continuous multimodal scanning hard X-ray imaging.

Heat bump on a monochromator crystal measured with X-ray grating interferometry

Quantitative measurements of the deformations of a silicon double-crystal monochromator under heat load from a wiggler source are reported. The deformations were measured using two-dimensional hard X-ray grating interferometry, a technique that enables in situ at-wavelength wavefront investigations with high angular sensitivity.

An X-ray chamber for in situ structural studies of solvent-mediated nanoparticle self-assembly

Technical details and experimental examples are given for a novel sample environment allowing X-ray investigations of self-assembly phenomena induced by controlled bulk solvent evaporation and nanoscale solvent adsorption/desorption.

A feasibility study of dynamic stress analysis inside a running internal combustion engine using synchrotron X-ray beams

The present investigation establishes the feasibility of using synchrotron-generated X-ray beams for time-resolved in situ imaging and diffraction of the interior components of an internal combustion engine during its operation.

Detection of circulating tumor cells via an X-ray imaging technique

With selective incorporation of gold nanoparticles into tumor cells, individual cancer cells are detected by an X-ray imaging technique.

X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy in the single-photon limit

An application of speckle visibility spectroscopy to coherent X-ray scattering and a demonstration of the method using latex diffusion in glycerol are presented.

Enhancement in statistical and image analysis for in situ µSXRF studies of elemental distribution and co-localization, using Dioscorea balcanica

Synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray microfluorescence has been used for in situ investigation of the distribution of micronutrient and macronutrient elements in an unstained cross section of a stem of monocotyledonous liana plant Dioscorea balcanica Košanin. The elemental allocation has been quantified and the grouping/co-localization in straight and twisted stem internodes has been analysed.

Success and failure of dead-time models as applied to hybrid pixel detectors in high-flux applications

Detector response functionals are found to have useful but also limited application to synchrotron studies where bunched fills are becoming common. By matching the detector response function to the source temporal structure, substantial improvements in efficiency, count rate and linearity are possible.

X-ray diffraction imaging of metal–oxide epitaxial tunnel junctions made by optical lithography: use of focused and unfocused X-ray beams

Metal-oxide tunnel junctions made by optical lithography were studied by X-ray diffraction (imaging approach with diffraction contrast) to access local distortions of the crystalline planes of the constituting layers. The effect of the size (10–150 µm) and shape (disc, square and rectangle) of the junction was investigated.

In situ synchrotron diffraction studies on the formation kinetics of jarosites

This paper reports the results of time-resolved synchrotron powder diffraction experiments where jarosites of various compositions were synthesized at a range of temperatures. Crystal chemistry and kinetics of formation are discussed.

Using synchrotron radiation angiography with a highly sensitive detector to identify impaired peripheral perfusion in rat pulmonary emphysema

Synchrotron radiation angiography with a HARP detector made it possible to evaluate impaired pulmonary microcirculation in pulmonary emphysema by means of high sensitivity.

The application of hybrid pixel detectors for in-house SAXS instrumentation with a view to combined chromatographic operation

Home-source small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data acquired using a hybrid pixel single-photon-counting detector is presented. The radius of gyration, maximum dimension and the molecular mass of protein complexes can be obtained at the short exposure times and relatively low protein concentrations necessary for size-exclusion chromatography integration.

A microfocus X-ray fluorescence beamline at Indus-2 synchrotron radiation facility

The X-ray microfocus beamline (BL-16) at the Indian synchrotron radiation facility Indus-2 has been installed and is currently operational. This paper describes the design, construction and measured performance of the beamline.

Roger Fourme (1942–2012)

Obituary for Roger Fourme.

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