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Figure 11
Quantitative noise evaluation and statistical independence analysis of the QXAFS platform. (a) Pre-edge residual noise (σ) as a function of oscillation frequency. (b) Scaled variance (σ2N) versus bin-merging factor (N). The upward deviation from independent statistical behaviour at high frequencies (≥10 Hz) quantitatively indicates increasing correlation between neighbouring data points. Annotated points (Δtbin) contrast the near-statistical regime at low frequency (1 Hz) with increased covariance at high frequency (30 Hz), which is mainly associated with the finite temporal response of the detector–amplifier–readout chain: when the effective bin interval becomes too short, signals from adjacent bins partially overlap and lose statistical independence.

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