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 | JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY |
ISSN: 1600-5767
Advanced neutron scattering instrumentation special issue (June 2018)
Guest editors: Dimitri N. Argyriou and Andrew J. Allen
Guest co-editors: Masatoshi Arai, Kenneth W. Herwig, Flora Meilleur, Kenji Nakajima and Dan A. Neumann
This virtual special issue of Journal of Applied Crystallography highlights some innovative advances in neutron scattering instrumentation at facilities around the world that address a broad scientific and industrial scope of applications. The issue brings together articles originally published in the journal between February and June 2018 and marks the 50th anniversary of the journal.
Cover illustration: Courtesy of Andersen et al. [J. Appl. Cryst. (2018), 51, 264–281], Kurihara et al. [J. Appl. Cryst. (2018), 51, 596–605], Lopez et al. [J. Appl. Cryst. (2018), 51, 570–583], Piltz [J. Appl. Cryst. (2018), 51, 963–965], Sala et al. [J. Appl. Cryst. (2018), 51, 282–293] and Ye et al. [J. Appl. Cryst. (2018), 51, 315–322].
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A virtual special issue of Journal of Applied Crystallography on advanced neutron scattering instrumentation looks at some of the latest developments in source and instrument suite design, high-performance instrumentation, and software. These developments are enabling new opportunities for science discovery through technologies such as detectors, sample environments and data acquisition advances.
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All instruments at the European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden, are served by a carefully optimized moderator assembly, providing world-leading performance and excellent flexibility and upgradeability.
The suite of small-angle neutron scattering instrumentation available at the High Flux Isotope Reactor and Spallation Neutron Source of Oak Ridge National Laboratory is presented.
The concept, design and performance of the variable-wavelength Bonse–Hart ultra-small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO are described.
This paper describes the conceptual design of a new direct-geometry inelastic spectrometer, called CHESS, which is planned for the Second Target Station at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge, USA.
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With implementation of the cross-correlation technique at the short-pulse Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, CORELLI obtains both the total scattering and the elastic-only scattering simultaneously from a single measurement with an unprecedented data collection rate.
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A fast and medium-resolution neutron powder diffraction option for `energy research with neutrons' (ErwiN) at the high-flux FRM II neutron source at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) is described.
The article describes recent upgrades of the polarized neutron reflectometer D17 at the Institut Laue–Langevin, Grenoble, France, and presents recent examples of scientific studies enabled with the new options.
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MARIA is a world class vertical sample reflectometer dedicated to the investigation of thin films in the fields of magnetism, soft matter and biology. With the elliptical vertically focusing guide and a wavelength resolution of Δλ/λ = 10%, the non-polarized flux at the sample position amounts to 1.2 × 108 n (s cm2)−1. Besides the polarized and non-polarized reflectivity mode for specular and off-specular reflectivity measurements, MARIA can also be used to carry out grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering investigations.
The design, performance, operation and scientific highlights from the QUOKKA SANS instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor, Australia, are described.
A new diffractometer that can measure membrane proteins and protein complex crystals with large lattice constants has been designed. Simulation studies confirmed the capability of peak separation for a lattice length of 250 Å along each axis at dmin = 2.0 Å and a satisfactory radiation safety level.
The implementation is described of neutron diffraction from aligned lipid bilayer stacks on the Wide-Angle Neutron Diffractometer (WAND), located at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
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A new detection system based on an array of 3He tubes and innovative fast detection electronics has been installed on the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) diffractometer KWS-2 at the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Germany. The high counting rates that can be detected and the event-mode capability will enable new scientific opportunities in the field of structural investigation of small soft-matter and biological systems.
This article describes event-based acquisition at the Spallation Neutron Source; including both a description of methodology and a wide variety of examples.
An experimental technique has been developed for in situ neutron diffraction measurement during cyclic tests at J-PARC. In an applied cyclic electric field, the responses of lattice strain and domain switching of the piezoelectric material in a piezoelectric actuator were successfully observed using the developed technique.
The design of a polarized neutron reflectometry sample environment capable of simultaneously measuring the ferromagnetic resonance response of a magnetic thin film is presented.
Described here is the implementation of the high-resolution neutron Larmor diffraction technique using superconducting magnetic Wollaston prisms at the High-Flux Isotope Reactor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Tennesse, USA. Recent results are discussed.
A new technique is described, exploiting a focusing prism to measure the wavelength of cold neutrons. The technique can be applied to neutron reflectivity, resulting in considerable gains in performance.
An algorithm is presented for the correction and merging of intensities from neutron Laue diffraction instruments. Examples are included using experimental data for comparison with earlier Laue data-processing algorithms.
Graphical-user-interface-based software is described for the imaging and processing of Laue data from continuous neutron sources.
The mathematical body of the time-of-flight reflectometry data-reduction software COSMOS is described. COSMOS is used on the reflectometers D17 and FIGARO at the Institut Laue–Langevin in Grenoble, France.
A setup for polarized neutron diffraction with short-wavelength neutrons using a high-temperature superconducting magnet in combination with 3He spin filters has been developed on the new single-crystal diffractometer POLI at MLZ, Germany. A polarized neutron spin transport efficiency of about 99% has been proven and the first experiments successfully performed.
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A review of materials and fabrication methods provides recommendations for microdevices for small-angle neutron scattering.
