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November 2017 issue
Cover illustration: X-ray fluorescence image of a Pt test pattern (platinum L-edge). Circles are 80 nm in diameter and 20 nm line width, the height of the rings equals 200 nm (see Nazaretski, Yan, Lauer, Bouet, Huang, Xu, Zhou, Shu, Hwu and Chu, pages 1113-1119). Data were acquired at 12 keV photon energy, exposure time 0.2 s, 5 nm per pixel. A scan profile along the vertical line is shown on the left and demonstrates the achieved spatial resolution.
facility information
research papers
A multilayer Laue lenses based X-ray scanning microscope installed at the Nanoprobe beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source II is described.
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The ideal lens surface for refocusing an already convergent beam is found to be one sheet of a Cartesian oval. This result is applied to the optimal construction of a compound refractive lens for X-ray nanofocusing.
A double-crystal setup is used to quantify aberrations and to assess the influence of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering on the optical properties of a single-crystal diamond compound refractive lens.
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A previously reported bent Laue double-crystal monochromator was found to have areas of missing intensity in the final X-ray beam. Measurements of the shape of the bent crystal wafers have been made using mechanical and diffraction methods to evaluate the crystal system and provide insight into potential methods of mitigating the non-uniformities in the beam.
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Geometry correction is performed with separation of Euclidean and non-Euclidean movements with respect to the sample, refined against independent target functions derived from the data. This leads to substantial improvements in indexing rates and data quality indicators and refines to convergence.
An entire tissue slice of a mouse heart has been analyzed by scanning X-ray diffraction, using a micrometer spot sized beam and analyzed using an analysis toolbox that is provided for general use. In this way, variations of the local molecular structure parameters of the sarcomere, the basic structural unit of the myofibrils which make up muscle fibers, can be assessed, such as local orientation, strain and variation in filament lattice spacing.
The use of self-consistency in the computation of scattering potentials has scant impact on EXAFS analysis.
A novel method for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering via photoelectron spectroscopy detection
A description of the concept and first test of a photoelectron-based method for measuring inelastic X-ray scattering is given.
Calculations and simulations are presented for the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy signal expected for linear Kuramoto–Sivashinsky and non-linear Kardar–Parisi–Zhang surface growth processes.
A study on the plasma generated on a high-power X-ray gas attenuator is presented, characterizing its dependence on gas pressure, gas type, X-ray beam size and absorbed power.
A novel protocol for the fabrication of high-yield plasmonic nanostructure under the effect of water radiolysis by synchrotron monochromatic X-rays is presented.
The ability of synchrotron radiation phase-contrast microtomography to visualize the three-dimensional morphology of the spinal cord cavity induced by trauma is shown. It could be used as a reliable tool for tracking cavity formation and morphological changes in a post-traumatic syringomyelia animal model.
The detection system is a key part of any imaging station. Here the performance of the novel sCMOS-based detection system installed at the ID17 biomedical beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and dedicated to high-resolution computed-tomography imaging is analysed.
Recent developments in in situ synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography allow novel time-resolved experiments. Five different dynamic micro-computed tomography experiments addressing carbon sequestration, permafrost evolution and unconventional oil recovery topics are presented.
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The GigaFRoST detector enables high acquisition rates and long scanning times for dynamic experiments.
Phase contrast imaging of portal vein embolization in rats is presented.
A novel radiosensitizer, iodinated chlorin p6 copper complex, led to an enhancement in the synchrotron X-ray radiation induced killing of oral cancer cells by augmentation of reactive oxygen species, lysosomal damage and inhibition of DNA repair.
beamlines
The details and capabilities of a newly upgraded imaging beamline, 7C sXNI, are described for both high-resolution tomography and spectroscopic imaging.
computer programs
The flexible and efficient framework syris is presented and its capabilities for the simulation of four-dimensional X-ray imaging experiments are demonstrated by two exemplary applications.
laboratory notes
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Diffraction experiments with weakly scattering samples often suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio due to unwanted background scatter. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio for single-particle imaging experiments is particularly important as the diffraction signal is very weak. Here, a simple way to minimize the background scattering by placing an aperture downstream of the sample is demonstrated.
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