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September 2023 issue
Cover illustration: Ptychographic diffraction patterns collected using the CITIUS high-speed X-ray image detector (see Takahashi, Abe, Uematsu, Takazawa, Sasaki, Ishiguro, Ozaki, Honjo, Nishino, Kobayashi, Nishiyama Hiraki, Jotic and Hatsui pages 989–994). Diffraction intensity data were collected at up to ∼250 Mcounts s−1 pixel−1 without saturation of the detector. Sample images with a resolution of ∼10 nm and a phase sensitivity of ∼0.01 rad were reconstructed from the diffraction patterns.
facility information
scientific commentaries
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A fast charge-integrating detector has been showcased for high-resolution X-ray ptychography. The advancement in developing detectors of this kind, with rapid framing capabilities, holds paramount significance in harnessing the full potential of emerging diffraction-limited synchrotron sources for X-ray nanoimaging.
research papers
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Built on our compact design of a twin-pulse seeding electron beam with an adjustable delay and a few femtoseconds timing jitter, a storage-ring-based cascaded EEHG can be implemented, which consists of two EEHG beamlines, where the radiation pulse generated by the first beamline could be used as the input seed laser pulse to the second beamline. Hence, the second radiator could potentially reach very high harmonics, toward fully coherent tender and hard X-ray wavelengths.
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An experimental comparison between 4H-SiC and single-crystal diamond X-ray beam position monitors as synchrotron light sources is given.
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A novel continuous energy scan routine has been implemented at the BioMAX beamline at MAX IV Laboratory. It is about five times faster than the conventional step scanning routine and facilitates user experiments utilizing the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion and multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion techniques.
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Details of the design and operational status of the silicon-nitride-based entrance slit installed in the Taiwan Photon Source 45A beamline are given.
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Mutual optical intensity propagation through non-ideal two-dimensional mirrors is realized by combining geometric ray-tracing and wavefront propagation.
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A method based on the Talbot effect for accurate beam size measurement has been implemented at Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II. This technique has great prospects for application in small beam size measurement of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources, benefiting from its small diffraction limitation.
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A new electrochemical cell design enables air-free in situ synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction measurements of Li-containing species during non-aqueous Li-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction. Such measurements will facilitate the development of a mechanistic understanding of the electrode–electrolyte interface under Li-N2R conditions, allowing for the rational design of Li-N2R toward improved Faradaic efficiency toward NH3.
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A methodology for analyzing 3d transition metal XES and a user-friendly program named AXEAP2 are presented.
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Leek roots can physiologically convert about 80% of environmental lead into insoluble lead phosphate and lead carbonate, and leek leaves also contain similar proportions of lead phosphate and lead carbonate. An essential mechanism of Pb detoxification is the development of significant amounts of lead precipitation and immobilization on the root epidermis and other inner surfaces.
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The PROPHESY framework for obtaining absolute depth profiles from discrete X-ray photoelectron spectra is introduced. It is composed of (i) a model for an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiment accounting for sample geometry, and (ii) an inversion model to reconstruct the concentration profile at the surface of a liquid sample. As a proof of concept, it is applied to simulated data.
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The use of a high-pressure torsion apparatus to deform multi-phase aggregates under high shear strain is explored, and in situ X-ray tomography data at high pressure and high temperature are collected. Step-by-step procedures on strain measurements and image processing are outlined, and results on the studied materials are presented in 2D and 3D.
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A new hybrid machine-learning approach for the automatic segmentation of dynamic computed tomography images during methane hydrate formation in sandy samples is presented. The algorithm allows for accurate and fast segmentation of gas hydrate changes and fluid flow in the low-contrast environment that is the main step to perform automatic quantitative analysis of processes in hydrate-bearing samples.
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High-resolution and high-sensitivity X-ray ptychographic coherent diffraction imaging is demonstrated using a CITIUS high-speed X-ray image detector.
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Tissue density measured by synchrotron-based X-ray phase computed tomography is shown to be associated with the fragility of the ruptured mitral chordae tendineae.
beamlines
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The status of the high-resolution powder-diffraction beamline ID22 at ESRF is described.
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The BL09XU beamline of SPring-8 has been upgraded to a beamline dedicated for hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to provide advanced capabilities with improved optical instruments.
computer programs
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CatMass is a new software for calculating the optimal sample mass of samples with complex compositions (e.g. a supported metal catalyst mixed with a diluent) for X-ray absorption and X-ray scattering experiments with supplemental results to guide experimental design and collection geometry.
