Perspectives for infrared beamlines in fourth-generation synchrotron facilities

With several fourth-generation, or diffraction-limited, storage rings and multiple beamlines in operation, the missing range of the spectrum was infrared…until recently.

At-wavelength metrology of an X-ray mirror using a downstream wavefront modulator

An iterative method to accurately map wavefront slope measurements from a downstream wavefront random modulator to a curved X-ray mirror surface is presented, addressing a significant challenge in at-wavelength metrology. The results show a substantial improvement over conventional approaches, enhancing the precision of at-wavelength metrology techniques for improved beamline operations.

Wavefront analysis and phase correctors design using SHADOW

A quick way of wavefront error analysis of a focusing optics using SHADOW is presented, that is required for fourth-generation light sources. The method is developed to optimize the focal spot and intensity of a non-ideal optics by designing a customized phase corrector.

Improving sensitivity of XANES structural fit to the bridged metal–metal coordination

Machine-learning methodology improves the sensitivity of XANES spectra to metal–metal bond distances in a bridged configuration.

Iterative Bragg peak removal on X-ray absorption spectra with automatic intensity correction

This study presents iterative Bragg peak removal with automatic intensity correction (IBR-AIC) for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), a new method targeting Bragg peak interference in the analysis of crystalline materials. Merging experimental techniques with sophisticated post-processing, which includes an iterative algorithm for scaling absorption coefficients and eliminating Bragg peaks, this approach demonstrates significant promise in improving the quality of XAS data for these materials.

Operando double-edge high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of BiVO₄ photoanodes

Operando high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy of BiVO₄ photoanodes was performed in an electrochemical cell at both cation absorption edges. Small but significant variations of the spectra induced by electrochemical polarization were detected which were interpreted in terms of changes in the occupation of electronic states.

Development of the multiplex imaging chamber at PAL-XFEL

A new instrument that can collect small-/wide-angle X-ray diffraction and X-ray emission spectra simultaneously to probe the physical and chemical structures of specimens is introduced.

Modelling the power threshold and optimum thermal deformation of indirectly liquid-nitro­gen cryo-cooled Si monochromators

A robust theoretical analysis of thermal management of cryo-cooled Si monochromators in hard X-ray beamlines is developed. This universal theory has been validated by extensive finite-element analysis studies, offering guidances to assess the heatload deformation quickly.

Evaluation of the X-ray/EUV Nanolithography Facility at AS through wavefront propagation simulations

The optical performance and suitability for EUV interference lithography of the soft X-ray beamline of the Australian Synchrotron is evaluated through comparisons of partially coherent simulation and experimental measurements.

Measuring magnetic hysteresis curves with polarized soft X-ray resonant reflectivity

The combination of linear and non-linear dependence of intensity on a magnetic moment leads to different forms of reflectivity as a function of both polarization and the direction of the applied magnetic field. Using circular polarization, it is possible to measure the hysteresis when the field is perpendicular to the scattering plane (unlike X-ray absorption), but with no dependence on the helicity of the beam.

Increased spatial coherence length from an asymmetric crystal reflection at grazing exit

A multiple crystal diffraction arrangement with a final asymmetric crystal diffracting at grazing exit was found to yield a 76% longer spatial coherence length compared with that for a beam directly exiting a double-crystal monochromator.

Efficient end-to-end simulation of time-dependent coherent X-ray scattering experiments

End-to-end simulation of time-dependent partially coherent X-ray scattering experiments is demonstrated with the SRW code. A coherent-mode decomposition and GPU acceleration recently implemented in the code make such simulations feasible and efficient for a typical XPCS experiment at a storage ring light source. This enables more detailed tests and optimization of experimental configurations and data processing prior to beam time as well as understanding experimental data.

High-pressure X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at fourth-generation synchrotron sources

The development of an experimental setup to probe the dynamics of complex systems under high pressure in the gigapascal regime is presented. Feasibility is demonstrated on metallic systems both in glassy and in supercooled liquid states.

Development of dual-beamline photoelectron momentum microscopy for valence orbital analysis

The only photoelectron momentum microscopy experimental station at the UVSOR Synchrotron Facility has been developed by simultaneously using soft X-ray and vacuum ultraviolet beamlines. Atomic orbital analysis of the valence band structure of Au(111) was performed using normal-incidence photoemission geometry.

Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy in fourth-generation storage rings

Infrared nanospectroscopy is demonstrated to be feasible in new-generation synchrotron storage rings.

A new experimental setup for combined fast differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy

A commercial fast scanning calorimeter is adapted to a synchrotron radiation beamline to perform experiments of both X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and calorimetry. The capabilities of the setup are discussed in light of results obtained on both oxide and metallic glasses.

A closer look at high-energy X-ray-induced bubble formation during soft tissue imaging

Characterizing the X-ray radiation dose limit of bubble formation in biological tissue and developing mitigation methods are crucial for improving X-ray imaging techniques. Combined real-time gas chromatography and in-line X-ray phase-contrast radiography on human lung and brain tissue revealed that vacuum degassing delays bubble formation by up to a factor of two, and demonstrated the influence of sample microstructure on bubble growth dynamics on the minute timescale.

VerSoX B07-B: a high-throughput XPS and ambient pressure NEXAFS beamline at Diamond Light Source

This manuscript describes a new beamline for soft X-ray spectroscopy – VerSoX B07-B – at Diamond Light Source, UK. The beamline is designed to accommodate a wide range of sample environments and measurement conditions ranging from ultrahigh vacuum to in situ liquid studies.

Scattered high-energy synchrotron radiation at the KARA visible-light diagnostic beamline

High-energy scattered synchrotron radiation at the visible-light diagnostics beamline at KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) and consequences for the future design of beamlines and radiation shielding as accelerators, beamlines and methods/techniques develop are presented.

X-ray beam diagnostics at the MID instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

The multipurpose diagnostic end-station (DES) at the Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL) is described in detail and some exemplary beam diagnostic results are provided. Among other features, the DES is a key tool for alignment and the integrated bent-diamond crystal spectrometer enables pulse-resolved spectral characterization of the EuXFEL X-ray beam.

A sub-100 nm thickness flat jet for extreme ultraviolet to soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The commissioning of the liquid flat jet setup now available at the Elettra synchrotron and FERMI free-electron laser is reported. The setup will allow the user to perform (time resolved-)spectroscopy measurements in liquid environments in almost any open-end beamline at Elettra and FERMI.

Infrared spectroscopy across scales in length and time at BESSY II

The recent upgrade of the infrared beamline at the BESSY II storage ring made possible improved characterization of molecules and materials at different length and time scales. The new nano-spectroscopy endstation based on a scattering-type scanning optical microscope enables infrared imaging and spectroscopy with a spatial resolution better than 30 nm.

PINK: a tender X-ray beamline for X-ray emission spectroscopy

This study showcases the potential of the PINK beamline for advancing research in the field of non-resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy in the tender X-ray energy range from 2.1 keV to 9.5 keV.

A distributed data processing scheme based on Hadoop for synchrotron radiation experiments

A set of distributed data processing schemes for beamlines with experimental data using Hadoop are presented.