issue contents
July 2024 issue
Early view articles
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facility information
editorial
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Introducing a new Main Editor of JSR.
feature articles
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Many macromolecular crystallography beamlines are now fitted with DECTRIS Eiger detectors, which are all delivered with optimized compression algorithms by default; they perform well with current framing rates and typical diffraction data. However, better lossless compression algorithms have been developed and are now available to the research community.
PhotonMEADOW2023 workshop
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A review of the history of ion beam figuring and current developments is presented, with a focus on the production of high-quality X-ray optics.
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The beam shaping optics of synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers are routinely measured using deflectometric profilometers, which use autocollimators to evaluate the surface slope from the displacement of a reticle image on a detector. Here, novel strategies to reduce systematic measurement errors by using a set of overlapping images of the reticle obtained at different positions on the detector, which can reduce the systematic errors by up to a factor of four to five without recourse to external measurements, are discussed.
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The operation of X-ray gas monitors at the European XFEL at hard photon energies up to 30 keV is described, and the possibilities and limitations for future operation up to 50 keV are discussed.
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Phase retrieval at an axisymmetric ellipsoidal mirror is demonstrated with soft X-rays (277 eV), completed by a reconstruction of the focus as well as figure and alignment error of the mirror. Based on simple measurements of the cross-focal, three-dimensional intensity distribution, an intuitive algorithm is proposed which combines the advantages of high resolution, sensitivity and reliability even under difficult conditions like a low source flux or weak spatial coherence.
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Wavefront propagation studies show that apertures in the laser injection path into photoinjector electron guns result in spatial ripples in relay-imaged cut-Gaussian profiles. The effect on electron beam properties depends on the extent to which space charge washes out the corresponding ripples in the emitted electron bunch, but could significantly negatively impact the quality of the electron bunch.
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The application of a machine learning approach for the automated alignment of a soft X-ray spectrometer is showcased. Our method has been validated with experimental data at the beamline and significantly reduces the alignment time from approximately one hour to just a few minutes.
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Recent advancements are presented for an ion beam figuring system developed at Diamond Light Source, demonstrating surface correction of X-ray mirrors to achieve sub-nanometre r.m.s. height errors and <50 nrad r.m.s. slope errors.
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Mirror modules for the optics of the X-ray observatory NewAthena are assembled and characterized at dedicated synchrotron radiation beamlines. The reflectance of a fully assembled and coated module was determined in a wide energy range.
x-ray spectroscopy for functional materials
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Operando XANES analysis assisted by machine learning, spectral decomposition approaches and DFT modelling is employed to shed light on the speciation of Co and N co-doped carbon catalyst during electrocatalytic CO2 conversion.
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The K and L3 X-ray absorption near-edge structures of Rh and Pd compounds are compared.
research papers
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A laminography setup and software toolbox for efficient imaging of large-size samples are presented. Applicability of the developed technique is demonstrated by imaging slabs through a whole mouse brain sample stained with heavy elements.
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The first X-ray spectral ptychography and resonant ptychographic computed tomography experiments at the SWING beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL are described. To illustrate the application of the techniques, a metallic Ni wire sample is measured.
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A computational imaging framework for visualizing 3D magnetization at the nanoscale has been developed.
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A system has been developed for irradiating samples with UV and visible light in situ during small-angle X-ray scattering data collection. The system is suitable for studying light-responsive samples such as photosurfactants, UV-hardening resins or light-active proteins.
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In situ XAFS–XRD measurements of Zr oxidation and the ZrO2–Y2O3 reaction up to 2519 K are reported. Analysis of anharmonic effects at high temperatures showed that Y2O3–ZrO2 proceeded to stabilize Zr—O and Y—O bonding. The developed system was confirmed to be applicable for high-temperature investigations of nuclear fuel material.
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A simple, easy-to-operate and robust beamline design is presented for five new hard X-ray beamlines in the scope of the latest upgrade of the Swiss Light Source. The performance increase is up to four orders of magnitude with respect to the current storage ring and beamline design.
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A novel in situ correlative imaging X-ray Compton scattering computed tomography technique has been developed to unravel the fundamental relationship between the materials chemistry of light elements and their 3D structures. Here, this technique is applied to two types of batteries to map the internal lithium-ion concentrations.
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Pump–probe experiments are possible on liquid interfaces using the LISA instrument at P08 beamline PETRA III, DESY. The time scales available range from 38 ps to seconds.
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Signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution are quantitatively analysed in the context of propagation based X-ray phase-contrast imaging. The performance of the method is shown to be determined by the Fresnel number and the ratio of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the refractive index of the imaged object.
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Laser-induced projectile impact testing (LIPIT) based on X-ray white-light imaging is presented. This study confirms the potential of LIPIT based on synchrotron in situ imaging, which allows the recording of the trajectories of high-speed particles inside a material and the material's impact response in real time.
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Biological cells in suspension are manipulated using an optical stretcher and imaged using X-ray phase-contrast tomography.
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This study introduces a compact, portable femtosecond fibre laser system optimized for synchronization with SPring-8 synchrotron X-ray pulses in a uniform filling mode, offering a practical and cost-effective alternative to traditionally, fixed, installed laser systems for time-resolved spectroscopy combining synchrotron X-ray pulses and laser pulses.
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A compact bandpass prefilter eliminates electrons with energies above or below the desired range and can correct image aberrations up to the third order before the beam enters a time-of-flight analyzer. Here, the imaging performance of the filter is demonstrated for two key applications of high-energy momentum microscopes: full-field core-level photoelectron diffraction and mapping of bulk valence bands.
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The design, manufacturing and characterization of X-ray optics for a cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser are presented.
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A novel insertion device called the Mango wiggler has been proposed and developed for the High Energy Photon Source in Beijing, providing a large and symmetrical imaging field of view.
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The first implementation of full-field nano-holotomography in a dual-beam configuration is presented.
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Photoelectron–photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy is used to analyse the composition of the effluent stream during dimethyl ether conversion on a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst – a prototypical model reaction for the methanol-to-hydrocarbons process. Under well-defined low pressure (10−6 mbar) conditions, PEPICO offers a suitable analytical tool to identify the effluent composition, including quantitative isomer discrimination (in this case, of xylenes).
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Tomographic virtual sectioning of plant samples based on X-ray scattering intensity provides spatially resolved characterization of the structure and organization of cellulose in plants.
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A self-adaptive crossover parameter is introduced in a strategy to adopt a new ηc for every generation while running a multi-objective genetic algorithm.
short communications
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This paper presents a demonstration of the improved performance of an X-ray free-electron laser using the optical klystron mechanism and helical undulator configuration, in comparison with the common planar undulator configuration without optical klystron. The measured improvements are compared with simulations and show a good agreement and a significant reduction in saturation length and an increase in saturation power.
beamlines
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A high-throughput and high-resolution powder X-ray diffractometer has been developed in the third experimental hutch of BL13XU, SPring-8. The diffractometer is equipped with six sets of 2D CdTe detectors and an automation system including sample exchange and equipment switching. Performance and demonstration results are presented.
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The development of a versatile in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) testing device at the BL17B beamline station at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility in China is described.
computer programs
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In this study, we introduce TomoPyUI, a user-friendly interface for the TomoPy tomography data processing package, designed to streamline and enhance the management of synchrotron and neutron computed tomography data. TomoPyUI, operating within a Jupyter environment, incorporates GPU-accelerated algorithms and a structured data management system, significantly reducing computation times and improving workflow efficiency in the tomography processing pipeline.
teaching and education
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A collection of personal reminiscences illuminates many widely unknown facts about the first steps of synchrotron radiation research; in particular, the events that brought Frascati close to world leadership in this domain.
notes and news
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The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in Beijing achieved a beam energy of 6 GeV. This milestone enables groundbreaking advances in health sciences and various research fields, promising new insights into biological and quantum processes.